<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><?xml-stylesheet href="http://www.blogger.com/styles/atom.css" type="text/css"?><feed xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom' xmlns:openSearch='http://a9.com/-/spec/opensearchrss/1.0/' xmlns:georss='http://www.georss.org/georss' xmlns:gd='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005' xmlns:thr='http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0'><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-15158444</id><updated>2012-02-01T10:52:23.381+08:00</updated><category term='once upon a time'/><category term='food for thought'/><category term='education'/><category term='travels'/><category term='film and wayang'/><category term='secret society'/><category term='happiness'/><category term='searching my root'/><category term='fashion'/><category term='humanities'/><category term='general election'/><title type='text'>From dusk to dawn</title><subtitle type='html'>Tough time never last, but tough people will</subtitle><link rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#feed' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://navalants.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/15158444/posts/default?max-results=100'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://navalants.blogspot.com/'/><link rel='hub' href='http://pubsubhubbub.appspot.com/'/><link rel='next' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/15158444/posts/default?start-index=101&amp;max-results=100'/><author><name>.......</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06584661018093389655</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><generator version='7.00' uri='http://www.blogger.com'>Blogger</generator><openSearch:totalResults>220</openSearch:totalResults><openSearch:startIndex>1</openSearch:startIndex><openSearch:itemsPerPage>100</openSearch:itemsPerPage><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-15158444.post-4978237588609659916</id><published>2012-01-27T12:30:00.000+08:00</published><updated>2012-01-27T12:30:01.260+08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='once upon a time'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='searching my root'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='humanities'/><title type='text'>从1949延伸......（二十七）泰麟之丝丝蚕</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class="MsoPlainText" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;跟泰麟谈起过去的新加坡一群自食其力，但敌不过似水年华的妈姐和三水女工，追忆故人引起一阵心情起伏，恍如平静的湖面上一颗小石子，撩起阵阵涟漪。谁知道发生在&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;2600&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;公里之外遥远的珠三角的一场缫丝业革命，影响了一群中国女子的命运。她们告别农村，越洋寻出路的勇气，竟然制造新加坡三代的繁华。八十年前，千里之外，时空交错的某时某刻缔造已经不为人提起的一段近代史。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoPlainText" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-HIwY_mIzs-w/Tnlbcj13jfI/AAAAAAAACbM/wEoudnJeXD0/s1600/zhu+san+jiao.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="267" kca="true" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-HIwY_mIzs-w/Tnlbcj13jfI/AAAAAAAACbM/wEoudnJeXD0/s320/zhu+san+jiao.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;（1930年代珠三角大量农村女子越洋到南洋，改变了新加坡的命运。）&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoPlainText" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;在机器缫丝引入之前（&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;1860&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;年），中国一直保持着家庭手工缫丝的传统。养蚕与手工缫丝一体，而且几乎都是女性从事养蚕和缫丝，男性则从事耕种，体现着农业社会男耕女织的传统。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoPlainText" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoPlainText" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;进入&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;19&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;世纪之后，随着蒸汽机和纺纱机的发明和应用，美国和欧洲的纺织工业逐步使用机器来改组他们的生产线。机器生产对生丝的质量提出了更高的要求，必须使用韧性和粗细一致的原料，又适合较高的转速的高级丝。与机器缫丝相比，中国家庭手工所缫的丝（土丝），已经不能满足国际市场的质量要求，因而缺乏竞争力，直接导致出口量锐减。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoPlainText" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-27uAnmXjG7w/Tn87__800RI/AAAAAAAACcY/0WUVEPDB8Ck/s1600/%25E5%25AE%25B6%25E5%25BA%25AD%25E6%2589%258B%25E5%25B7%25A5%25E7%25BC%25AB%25E4%25B8%259D%25E4%25B8%259A.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="320" kca="true" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-27uAnmXjG7w/Tn87__800RI/AAAAAAAACcY/0WUVEPDB8Ck/s320/%25E5%25AE%25B6%25E5%25BA%25AD%25E6%2589%258B%25E5%25B7%25A5%25E7%25BC%25AB%25E4%25B8%259D%25E4%25B8%259A.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;（家庭式缫丝业）&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoPlainText" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;1873&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;年，在越南发迹的陈启沅回到广东省南海县&lt;span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"&gt;简村自己&lt;/span&gt;的家乡，依照法国式缫丝机器，自己设计机器丝车，创办了珠三角第一家民间投资的&lt;span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"&gt;继昌隆&lt;/span&gt;机器缫丝厂，重新在国际市场定位。在当时的社会环境下，从事养蚕和缫丝的几乎都是女性。未出嫁的女孩一般来说是不允许出村的，结了婚的女性则被家庭和礼教约束，也不太可能到城里的缫丝厂去工作。因此，陈启沅选择在村里建厂，就省却了这些麻烦。&lt;span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"&gt;继昌隆&lt;/span&gt;机器缫丝厂的三百名女工中，有一百三十名来自他自己的村子，其他都是从附近的村子招募而来的。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoPlainText" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoPlainText" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;在&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;19&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;世纪的中国，要兴办一个男女同工、有蒸汽设备的缫丝工厂是史无前例的创举，必须面对旧习惯势力的阻挠与无知乡亲的非难。陈启沅能够在家乡设立缫丝厂，除了因他出身于上层阶级而获得士绅给他面子之外，也为乡亲们作了许多好事，以争取他们的支持。他在自己的村子里建了一间米店、一间肉店和一个‘大墟’，出售的商品比附近的墟市便宜一些。他也搞了许多地方慈善活动，赈济老人寡妇，聘请一位医生免费为同村人看病，捐款资助村里的学校，维修堤坝之类的公共工程等等。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoPlainText" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoPlainText" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;陈启沅的成功带动机器缫丝业的发展，&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;20&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;世纪初已成为珠三角的主要工业。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;1890&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;年代后，珠三角的丝厂数量大增。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;1894&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;年有蒸汽丝厂&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;75&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;家；&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;1902&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;年，顺德有丝厂&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;86&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;家，丝车&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;34600&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;部。辛亥革命之后，珠三角的丝厂数从&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;1910&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;年的&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;109&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;家增加到&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;1912&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;年的&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;162&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;家，丝车也从&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;42100&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;部激增到&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;65000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;部，&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;1926&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;年，丝厂增加到&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;202&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;家，丝车增加到&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;95605&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;部。不仅如此，厂丝在出口方面也节节上升，并逐渐取代土丝。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoPlainText" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-cI0aurz8bOQ/Tn8780P9NMI/AAAAAAAACcU/0j8WwwnNrq0/s1600/%25E9%2599%2588%25E5%2590%25AF%25E6%25B2%2585%25E9%2593%259C%25E5%2583%258F.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="293" kca="true" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-cI0aurz8bOQ/Tn8780P9NMI/AAAAAAAACcU/0j8WwwnNrq0/s320/%25E9%2599%2588%25E5%2590%25AF%25E6%25B2%2585%25E9%2593%259C%25E5%2583%258F.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Simsun;"&gt;（陈启沅铜像）&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoPlainText" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;由于生丝出口激增，植桑养蚕比种植棉花、水稻、甘蔗等农作物更有利可图，于是掀起了全面性的弃田筑塘、废稻植桑的高潮，顺德的稻田已经不到全县耕地的十分之一。加上珠三角的蚕茧一年可以成熟&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;6&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;到&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;8&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;次，不受季节性影响，为专业化提供了基础。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoPlainText" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoPlainText" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;机器缫丝厂在珠三角兴起后，招聘了一大批年轻女工进入缫丝厂，从事专职的缫丝工作。由于工厂设在乡间，这些缫丝工并没有离乡背井，没有离开乡间；但她们也脱离了农业生产，成为专职工人。在当时的经济现状下，缫丝工的收入是相当可观的。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;20&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;世纪初，一个女工每年工作&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;250&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;天左右，就可以挣到&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;200&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;元，当时平均五口的农家，每年的生计约&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;196&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;元。在这种情况下，缫丝女工是相对富有，也得到一笔可以自主支配的收入。女性经济地位的提高和思想意识的开放，使到夫妻关系、父女关系、婆媳关系、大家庭关系等都发生了重大变化，包括出现“自梳女”与“唔落家”现象。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoPlainText" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ef_CuZIhiMs/TnlhqqiVlPI/AAAAAAAACbc/FRCTX9RqO98/s1600/sao+si+ye+5.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="239" kca="true" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ef_CuZIhiMs/TnlhqqiVlPI/AAAAAAAACbc/FRCTX9RqO98/s320/sao+si+ye+5.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;（现代化的缫丝业）&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1930年代从顺德等地来到南洋的农村女子好多还保持着自梳女，挽起云髻，梳起不嫁的的习俗。不过她们还是保留着乡土观念，每个月按时托水客把钱带回家乡。至于已经结婚，跑&lt;span style="font-family: Simsun;"&gt;到新加坡来寻出路的女子，甚至会寄钱回乡，让丈夫娶小老婆，使夫家能够传宗接代。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Simsun;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoPlainText" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoPlainText" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Simsun;"&gt;农村妇女坚韧的性格改善国内农村的命运，促进新加坡的繁华；她们甚至可以自我牺牲，成全千里迢迢以外夫家纳妾的意愿。至于她们的晚景，有人欢喜有人愁，归根究底两个字：命运！&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/15158444-4978237588609659916?l=navalants.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://navalants.blogspot.com/feeds/4978237588609659916/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=15158444&amp;postID=4978237588609659916' title='2 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/15158444/posts/default/4978237588609659916'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/15158444/posts/default/4978237588609659916'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://navalants.blogspot.com/2012/01/1949_27.html' title='从1949延伸......（二十七）泰麟之丝丝蚕'/><author><name>.......</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06584661018093389655</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-HIwY_mIzs-w/Tnlbcj13jfI/AAAAAAAACbM/wEoudnJeXD0/s72-c/zhu+san+jiao.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>2</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-15158444.post-4436312325344852851</id><published>2012-01-20T12:30:00.000+08:00</published><updated>2012-01-20T12:30:01.701+08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='once upon a time'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='searching my root'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='humanities'/><title type='text'>从1949延伸......（二十六）泰麟之妈姐</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;跟泰麟回忆起过去住在水仙门隔壁房的一班当妈姐的金兰姐妹，包括娣姐与洁姐，主要来自顺德、番禺和新会（冈州，在江门市内）。能立一张金兰契，结拜为不同血缘的金兰姐妹是缘份。是不是金兰姐妹就会白头偕老，长相厮守呢？&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-HIwY_mIzs-w/Tnlbcj13jfI/AAAAAAAACbM/wEoudnJeXD0/s1600/zhu+san+jiao.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" hca="true" height="267" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-HIwY_mIzs-w/Tnlbcj13jfI/AAAAAAAACbM/wEoudnJeXD0/s320/zhu+san+jiao.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;（珠三角是妈姐的供应链）&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;一百多年前，新加坡&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;1871&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;年人口普查，在职的妇女约为&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;5,000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;人，她们之中有&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;650&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;名制裙工、&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;550&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;名女佣、&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;240&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;名织补工、&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;215&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;名编筐工、&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;400&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;名小贩、&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;500&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;名渔妇，&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;1,653&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;人从事未分类职业，麦纳尔&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;(McNair) &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;在&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;1872&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;年发表的海峡殖民地报告书说这类妇女主要是妓女。由于这份职业统计不分种族，所以很难确定华族妇女所从事的职业，一般相信主要是女佣、小贩和妓女。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;我们不知道华族女佣最早是什么时候移民到新加坡，但相信&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;19&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;世纪&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;80&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;年代已有不少从中国过番的女佣，据说顺德沙头乡早在&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;1886&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;年就有黄银欢、黄润金和黄就来到新加坡做女佣。到&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;20&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;世纪初，据香港船政司统计，&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;1906&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;年出洋妇女中女佣人数为&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;3,533&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;人，&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;1907&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;年为&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;2,619&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;人，&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;1920&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;年为&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;2,833&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;人，她们之中超过&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;90%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;前往新加坡。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Ui6qxLYOXIs/Tn7qxSV41FI/AAAAAAAACb0/L3W7RiRBhwk/s1600/Chinese+woman+in+Singapore+1921-1947.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" hca="true" height="278" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Ui6qxLYOXIs/Tn7qxSV41FI/AAAAAAAACb0/L3W7RiRBhwk/s320/Chinese+woman+in+Singapore+1921-1947.PNG" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;(早年从中国来新加坡的女性从事的行业)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;不过，&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;1930&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;年代是华族女子大量涌入新加坡的非常时期。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;在&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;30&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;年代移民的妇女除了当胶工、矿工、工厂工人和建筑女工外，还有不少进入家庭服务业，当女佣为生。为谋生而移民的女佣占大多数。&lt;span style="font-family: Simsun;"&gt;由地缘而结业缘是当年的特性，例如妈姐多数是顺德人，建筑女工来自三水，洗衣妇多数是鹤山单水口人士等。她们涌入新加坡，使到广东族群超过潮州人，成为第二大群体。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-ii4vJS-6Oyc/ToQ_8bUzxDI/AAAAAAAACc8/7IHWqlSIGNU/s1600/singapore+dialect+group.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="163" kca="true" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-ii4vJS-6Oyc/ToQ_8bUzxDI/AAAAAAAACc8/7IHWqlSIGNU/s320/singapore+dialect+group.JPG" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;珠三角曾经是缫丝业发达的地区，与长江三角洲并驾齐驱。广东是中国丝业中心地区之一，产品以外销美国为主，在&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;1923&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;年每担生丝价格为&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;2,420&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;元，&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;1924&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;年以后美国转向日本购买生丝，中国生丝价格直线下降，每担为&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;1,170&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;元。在&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;1930&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;年&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;10&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;月受经济危机的重挫，中国生丝下跌到每担&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;650&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;元。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-dMPJJ3yEjFI/TnlfHXC3n3I/AAAAAAAACbQ/62w_jYgWM1s/s1600/sao+si+ye+2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" hca="true" height="213" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-dMPJJ3yEjFI/TnlfHXC3n3I/AAAAAAAACbQ/62w_jYgWM1s/s320/sao+si+ye+2.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-b84sac4EKLo/TnlfNAYJmqI/AAAAAAAACbU/kJh_W_v8ZH8/s1600/sao+si+ye+3.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" hca="true" height="231" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-b84sac4EKLo/TnlfNAYJmqI/AAAAAAAACbU/kJh_W_v8ZH8/s320/sao+si+ye+3.JPG" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ef_CuZIhiMs/TnlhqqiVlPI/AAAAAAAACbc/FRCTX9RqO98/s1600/sao+si+ye+5.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" hca="true" height="239" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ef_CuZIhiMs/TnlhqqiVlPI/AAAAAAAACbc/FRCTX9RqO98/s320/sao+si+ye+5.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;（&lt;span style="font-family: Simsun;"&gt;缫丝业&lt;/span&gt;）&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;丝价持续下跌导致广东珠三角缫丝厂大量破产，从&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;1929&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;年&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;146&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;家丝厂，&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;72,455&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;台丝车；到&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;1934&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;年仅剩丝厂&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;37&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;家，丝车&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;20,396&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;台。也就是说，&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;1934&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;年广东丝厂数只有&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;1929&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;年的四分之一，丝厂大量倒闭使赖以维生的蚕农和工人生计艰难，近&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;10&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;万人失业。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;按照传统习俗是男人走出来寻找出路，然后把钱汇回乡下养妻活儿，这个年代正好相反。当时新加坡男女比例失衡，又有私会党争地盘殴斗赌博等严重的社会治安问题，英殖民地政府实行固打制，不接受沒有特別技能的中国男子。男人没法子到南洋来，改由女子出国赚钱养家，妇女能顶半边天，在&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;1934&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;–&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;1938&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;年这短短五年中，有&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;19&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;万以上的中国南方妇女来到南洋。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;也有些女子在家乡结婚，当生育机器，一连生了几个孩子，跟婆婆的相处关系却依然不好，一天到晚干活，没有喘息的机会，身心受到伤害。为了躲开不合理的生活压力，于是决定离开家乡。丈夫不同意，她们就用自己的积蓄，先去香港转一圈，然后乘坐“大眼鸡”（红头船），来到新加坡。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-P4uxSNe7voI/Tn81I1HDfkI/AAAAAAAACcA/JiswNNL945o/s1600/majie+2.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="226" kca="true" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-P4uxSNe7voI/Tn81I1HDfkI/AAAAAAAACcA/JiswNNL945o/s320/majie+2.PNG" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-VhToA6bKfQU/Tn80184keoI/AAAAAAAACb4/NuXzulLTZGs/s1600/Sam+Shui+woman+at+construction+site.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="205" kca="true" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-VhToA6bKfQU/Tn80184keoI/AAAAAAAACb4/NuXzulLTZGs/s320/Sam+Shui+woman+at+construction+site.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;（妈姐和建筑女工，分别为顺德和三水妇女的选择。）&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;至于恩爱数十年的娣姐和洁姐两“姐妹”，据泰麟的回忆，她们来自顺德。广东顺德、番禺、南海等地过去以蚕业发迹，妇女自食其力，盛行自梳女和“唔落家”，&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;"&gt;冰肌不染红尘垢，自挽青丝度一生&lt;/span&gt;。她们当中好些人还来自较富裕的家庭，为了追求独立生活而过番。娣姐和洁姐属于自由一族，同乡人在新加坡结识，结下金兰之约。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-PgQhrLLUhgA/TskQmHW9sEI/AAAAAAAAClQ/d9xISWT0GRI/s1600/Sui+Fong.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="320" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-PgQhrLLUhgA/TskQmHW9sEI/AAAAAAAAClQ/d9xISWT0GRI/s320/Sui+Fong.jpg" width="238" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;（瑞芳来自番禹，去了吉隆坡，后来又回到新加坡当妈姐。老年住在四脚亭 Jalan Mebela 政府租赁组屋。2011）&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;娣姐和洁姐的晚年不尽相同。娣姐当“凑仔婆”（保姆），养大了一群“儿女”，他们每三两个月都会来姑婆屋探望“妈妈”，后来还决定把娣姐接回家中，安享晚年。这个决定其实就是挑战金兰契，引起姑婆屋内多个晚上的争论。夫妻本是同林鸟，金兰之约一样可以毁，没多久娣姐就告别姑婆屋了。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;洁姐在主人家负责做饭、洗衣等家务事，在妈姐的身份中比“凑仔婆”低一级，她晚年无依无靠，又因金兰姐妹不顾亲情丢下她而闷闷不乐，后来选择到斋堂终老，还是同处一室的姑婆们在依依不舍的愁绪中送她去的。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-IPjReF2hoI8/Tn82C8_pkUI/AAAAAAAACcI/1_11GcF9kFE/s1600/25092011545.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="221" kca="true" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-IPjReF2hoI8/Tn82C8_pkUI/AAAAAAAACcI/1_11GcF9kFE/s320/25092011545.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-ma_650WoqEk/Tn82JACx8kI/AAAAAAAACcM/7O0ZmZxsTtc/s1600/25092011549.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="228" kca="true" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-ma_650WoqEk/Tn82JACx8kI/AAAAAAAACcM/7O0ZmZxsTtc/s320/25092011549.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;（到斋堂终老，自梳女的最终选择。当年的大悲院和飞霞精舍都很受自梳女欢迎。2011）&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;隐约中依稀记得在&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;1970&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;年代还有妇女入住斋堂这回事，曾几何时这个习俗已经在城市化的新加坡消失了。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;想起多年前翻阅过的巴金激流三部曲之《家》中的一句话：往事依稀浑似梦，都随风雨到心头。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/15158444-4436312325344852851?l=navalants.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://navalants.blogspot.com/feeds/4436312325344852851/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=15158444&amp;postID=4436312325344852851' title='2 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/15158444/posts/default/4436312325344852851'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/15158444/posts/default/4436312325344852851'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://navalants.blogspot.com/2012/01/1949_20.html' title='从1949延伸......（二十六）泰麟之妈姐'/><author><name>.......</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06584661018093389655</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-HIwY_mIzs-w/Tnlbcj13jfI/AAAAAAAACbM/wEoudnJeXD0/s72-c/zhu+san+jiao.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>2</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-15158444.post-218177539275371098</id><published>2012-01-13T12:30:00.000+08:00</published><updated>2012-01-13T12:30:01.638+08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='once upon a time'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='searching my root'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='humanities'/><title type='text'>从1949延伸......（二十五）泰麟之梳起不嫁的金兰姐妹</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN"&gt;跟泰麟再度聊起曾经常去牛车水广合源街（Pagoda Street）拜候的环姑，环姑在&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;1980&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN"&gt;年代回到中国广东鹤山的家乡，八个月内便因水土不服在家乡终老。生于斯，死于斯，也算是了结晚年的心事。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN"&gt;环姑在广合源街住的是头房的姑婆屋，我称她为大姑妈。进到屋内，见到的人我都恭敬地称呼她们为姑婆。环姑和姑婆们都一样，年轻来到新加坡当妈姐，梳起不嫁当自梳女，多年来一分一毛的积蓄就是晚年的老本。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&lt;a href="http://navalants.blogspot.com/2011/02/1949.html"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;http://navalants.blogspot.com/2011/02/1949.html&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-AE_z3qW8uX8/TUq0lG0Q4lI/AAAAAAAAB_g/t5ubxflSEAs/s1600/pagoda+street+1972.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="213" kca="true" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-AE_z3qW8uX8/TUq0lG0Q4lI/AAAAAAAAB_g/t5ubxflSEAs/s320/pagoda+street+1972.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;(环姑住的姑婆屋，在珍珠坊天桥上拍摄的广合源街。c.1970s)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;泰麟说她们同在屋檐下，结拜多年，是常人所说的金兰姐妹，情形就跟我们在水仙门住了十九年，也跟我们当了十九年邻居的隔壁房的姑婆屋的情形一样。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;兰房结拜金兰契，表盟姊妹一双双。金兰姐妹必须上契（结契），称为金兰契。金兰契是异姓姐妹之间结拜契谊，金兰姐妹之间情逾骨肉，相恋相依，为了长相聚首，甚至可以矢志不嫁，或嫁后不回夫家。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;在广东顺德、番禺等地，中国解放前还存在着长住娘家的风俗，邻近的新会（冈州，江门市的一个直辖区）、中山、南海、广州也受到影响。在那里，&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;嫁后不回夫家&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;称为“唔落家”（不落家），顺德的妇女，不落家之风与金兰契共存。有人认为“唔落家”应是“不落枷”，即不落封建的枷锁。这种不落家的风俗，显然带有反封建的近代个性自由解放的色彩，也是妇女在摆脱男性社会强权下以自身幸福交换的抗议。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-HIwY_mIzs-w/Tnlbcj13jfI/AAAAAAAACbM/wEoudnJeXD0/s1600/zhu+san+jiao.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" hca="true" height="267" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-HIwY_mIzs-w/Tnlbcj13jfI/AAAAAAAACbM/wEoudnJeXD0/s320/zhu+san+jiao.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;（珠三角：自梳女与唔落家对封建婚姻的抗议。）&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-bM1yNc3OSZo/TUq07RMYmaI/AAAAAAAAB_o/PKVehyVwGeI/s1600/01022011271.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="240" kca="true" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-bM1yNc3OSZo/TUq07RMYmaI/AAAAAAAAB_o/PKVehyVwGeI/s320/01022011271.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;(繁忙的广东码头，是早年出境的路。)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-_wPkh1wl3Ow/TnlUh8a0YvI/AAAAAAAACbE/z6k8_qi4nE0/s1600/zhi+shu+nv.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" hca="true" height="222" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-_wPkh1wl3Ow/TnlUh8a0YvI/AAAAAAAACbE/z6k8_qi4nE0/s320/zhi+shu+nv.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;（广东肇庆的最后一群自梳女。c.2008）&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;在广东，为了避开家庭的耳目，筹备梳起的仪式多数在自梳女与&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;唔落家的姑婆屋内进行，梳起仪式所需的物品有新衣、新鞋、新袜子、梳子、红头绳、镜子和各种祭品如烧肉、鸡、水果、红包、线香、宝烛、茶酒等，都由姑婆屋内的姐妹暗地里协助。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;梳起的前一晚，必须在姑婆屋内住宿，沐浴后姐妹聚谈，互相鼓励。清晨乘着路上没人，前往神庙进行梳起仪式。自梳女在观音菩萨座前摆开衣物和祭品，点起香烛，向神灵祭拜，矢誓梳起，永不婚嫁。然后由已梳起的妇女为她拆开辫子，改梳为云髻，换上新衣。再向观音菩萨叩拜后，和各姐妹互拜祝贺。为什么拜观音呢？因为观音是净身，没结婚的。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN"&gt;问泰麟跟江门毗邻的鹤山，是否也有类似的习俗。他回忆说当年顺花（我的外曾祖母）曾经提过在&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="line-height: 115%;"&gt;鹤山古劳（顺花的故乡）也有姑婆屋，她们白天纺织，晚上共枕。如果被逼出阁，上轿当天，各姐妹必须如哭坟一样，称为哭嫁。痛哭一场后，姐妹们以几层绸布缝住新人的下体，密不透风，称为贞洁带。据说贞洁带内还暗藏大头针，如果男方霸王硬上弓，还会被针刺要害。三朝回门日，必须由姐妹们检验真身。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 115%;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://navalants.blogspot.com/2010/02/1949.html"&gt;http://navalants.blogspot.com/2010/02/1949.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-3XTA2gwnLQk/S2psXcoiVkI/AAAAAAAABa8/z0nXrAQoKEE/s1600/Gu+Lao+water+village+2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" hca="true" height="156" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-3XTA2gwnLQk/S2psXcoiVkI/AAAAAAAABa8/z0nXrAQoKEE/s320/Gu+Lao+water+village+2.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-4eJJcYgnxV4/S2psTYUFmCI/AAAAAAAABa0/BbMq_CBhLcs/s1600/Gu+Lao+water+village+3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" hca="true" height="240" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-4eJJcYgnxV4/S2psTYUFmCI/AAAAAAAABa0/BbMq_CBhLcs/s320/Gu+Lao+water+village+3.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;（鹤山古&lt;span style="font-family: Times;"&gt;劳&lt;/span&gt;，山光水色背后有许多等待挖掘的故事。）&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="color: blue; font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 115%;"&gt;《南海县自梳女琐记》记录：&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 115%;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="color: blue; font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 115%;"&gt;“当时南海、顺德、番禺一带的蚕丝业比较发达，需用育蚕、缫丝、丝织的女工很多，这为找出路谋生过独立生活的妇女创设了自食其力的条件。于是，不少乡间女子，八九岁就以育蚕、缫丝、丝织为业，尽管收入十分微薄，但个人的起码生活还是解决得了。于是，自梳的风气就蔓延开来。据我国机械缫的发源地——西樵简村（佛山南海）调查得来的材料看，该乡抗战前连续八年没有出嫁过一个女子，全部都自梳起来，形成了风气。”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 115%;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="color: blue; font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 115%;"&gt;“封建宗法制度，以男性为中心，妇女受着种种束缚。家庭的权柄完全操在翁姑和丈夫的手里，做媳妇的，事事得低眉下气，逆来顺受。进了穷苦家门，生活不好过，还要养儿育女，精神和肉体上遭受折磨；嫁到富有人家，又担忧丈夫见异思迁，弃妻宠妾。因此，不少农村女子为了逃避封建宗法家庭的虐待，摆脱夫权的严厉束缚，宁愿牺牲自己的美好青春，终生不嫁，过着独身的禁欲的生活。”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 115%;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="line-height: 115%;"&gt;梳起的岁月真的开心吗？怎么也忘不了小时候隔壁房的姑婆们教我哼的四句歌谣&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 115%;"&gt;:&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="color: black; line-height: 115%;"&gt;人到中年万事休，算来几乎水东流；谁人识得天机透，人老焉能再回头？&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 115%;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 115%;"&gt;也想起了童年时代听惯的广东民谣，或许就是早年移民到新加坡的妈姐们从家乡带过来的心声：&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 115%;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="color: blue; font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 115%;"&gt;鸡公仔，尾弯弯，做人新抱（媳妇）甚艰难：早早起身都话晏（太晚），眼泪唔干入下间（厨房）。下间有个冬瓜仔，问过老爷（家翁）煮定（或）蒸？老爷话煮，安人（家婆）话蒸。蒸蒸煮煮都唔中意，拍起台头闹（骂）一番。三朝打烂三条夹木棍，四朝跪烂九条裙！&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/15158444-218177539275371098?l=navalants.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://navalants.blogspot.com/feeds/218177539275371098/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=15158444&amp;postID=218177539275371098' title='7 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/15158444/posts/default/218177539275371098'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/15158444/posts/default/218177539275371098'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://navalants.blogspot.com/2012/01/1949_13.html' title='从1949延伸......（二十五）泰麟之梳起不嫁的金兰姐妹'/><author><name>.......</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06584661018093389655</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-AE_z3qW8uX8/TUq0lG0Q4lI/AAAAAAAAB_g/t5ubxflSEAs/s72-c/pagoda+street+1972.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>7</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-15158444.post-1409576154377945084</id><published>2012-01-06T12:30:00.000+08:00</published><updated>2012-01-06T12:30:01.490+08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='once upon a time'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='searching my root'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='humanities'/><title type='text'>从1949延伸......（二十四）泰麟之过番客</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"&gt;多两个星期又是另一个农历新年，问起在“中国中医”服务的美玉去年回天津过了整整一个月的新年长假，今年还会去不。她说今年在新加坡跟朋友过年，不回了。&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;近年来接触了好些新移民，有的有高等学历，有的有特殊技能，有的持工作证，找到如意郎君，嫁人后成为狮城媳妇。他们的共同点是告别成长的家园，离乡背井，到一个陌生叫做新加坡的小地方寻找出路。每一个背影都怀着一个梦，每一个背影都在找寻一片心目中的蓝天。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Simsun;"&gt;想起童年时代所见过的许多熟悉的妇女的背影，她们也怀着各自的梦想来到新加坡，直面人生一辈子后，各有各的晚年。就在这来临的农历年前后，用六个篇章来记载一段我不想消失在记忆中的往事，作为对这群寂寂无名的过番客不曾忘却的纪念。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;泰麟看&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;1980&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;年代新广拍摄的连续剧如雾锁南洋、红头十（红头巾）等都感触良深，剧中人的穿着装扮属于他还是新客的年代，梳着长辫子的妈姐和挽起云髻的自梳女，曾经热情地照料着他的生活起居，使他融入人地生疏的新环境，他们是今天的新移民的民装版。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-USCC4aq33C8/Tn7pFtk7KqI/AAAAAAAACbw/9r1p9-DwKJI/s1600/upper+chin+chew+street+1956.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" hca="true" height="197" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-USCC4aq33C8/Tn7pFtk7KqI/AAAAAAAACbw/9r1p9-DwKJI/s320/upper+chin+chew+street+1956.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;（豆腐街是红头巾的集聚地。c.1956）&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;泰麟说红头十是非常合群的一群。晚上经过豆腐街（Upper Chin Chew Street,现在的芳林苑所在地），她们聚在一起纳凉，同声同气，谁失业需要工作、谁被欺负等都会得到照应。我也记得这群来自广东三水，自食其力，勤奋盖起华厦千万间的女工口操着熟悉的语言，穿梭在我童年生活中。她们是新加坡三十年代至七十年代，从殖民地到自治、从独立到经济腾飞的经典人物，身穿蓝布衣黑裤，头裹红巾是她们鲜明的形象。泰麟就亲眼看着这群三水女工一级一级的把一担担泥沙运上楼，建起1955年落成的的亚洲保险大厦（Asia Insurance Building）,二十层楼高的亚洲保险大厦是新加坡最高的建筑，当年红灯码头最辉煌的海岸线。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;1973年市区重建，辛勤劳作的三水女工搬离豆腐街，成群结队红巾蓝衣黑裤的景观消失了。红头巾制造历史，却又随着时日变迁，逐渐在被遗忘的历史洪流中终其一生。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-0D8w18Sndl4/Tn7iXXqpABI/AAAAAAAACbk/rtrf6tVvbvw/s1600/hong-tj1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" hca="true" height="192" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-0D8w18Sndl4/Tn7iXXqpABI/AAAAAAAACbk/rtrf6tVvbvw/s320/hong-tj1.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;（红头巾就是建筑女工，多数来自广东三水，1930至1970年代兴建广厦千万间。）&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-1UbTI94Ry7M/Tn3tW53Z_aI/AAAAAAAACbg/6_Hw6l2IK5Y/s1600/AI+building.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" hca="true" height="320" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-1UbTI94Ry7M/Tn3tW53Z_aI/AAAAAAAACbg/6_Hw6l2IK5Y/s320/AI+building.jpg" width="239" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;（1955年落成，20层楼的亚洲保险大厦是当年最高的建筑，是红头巾的经典贡献。）&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-95FcywGNoQ0/Tn7pCW9pozI/AAAAAAAACbs/UZrMXyN9HTI/s1600/AI+bulidng+1950s.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" hca="true" height="195" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-95FcywGNoQ0/Tn7pCW9pozI/AAAAAAAACbs/UZrMXyN9HTI/s320/AI+bulidng+1950s.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;（兴建中的亚洲保险大厦，右方是海洋大厦。c.1950s）&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-8TUTqu8cac4/Tn7o-rzxJyI/AAAAAAAACbo/07DndyZTSHA/s1600/AI+building+sky+lines+c1960s.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" hca="true" height="185" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-8TUTqu8cac4/Tn7o-rzxJyI/AAAAAAAACbo/07DndyZTSHA/s320/AI+building+sky+lines+c1960s.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;(红灯码头的风景线。c.1960s)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;新移民是近年来才崛起的新名词，以前念书的时候从没听说过。在更早的年代，刚到新加坡的侨民称为新客，以前念书的时候也没用过这个词汇。成长的年代就处于新客与新移民的夹心间。虽然在学校没读过新客，但在童年时听泰麟和他人聊天，常听到这个词汇，久而久之也明白新客的含义。新客会变老，结婚生子，落地生根，迎接另一批同乡人，新加坡就是这样一个由各族移民一步一脚印所组成的社会。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;19&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;世纪初，从中国南方沿岸城市南下到南洋的过番客即使落地生根，也不称为移民，或许在那时代还没有移民这个词。过番客南下，有哪个不是带着几时能够衣锦还乡的心情？有多少人会想到在南洋落地生根，在番邦终老？&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/--E7HPCyQUrE/Tj_G1YMzIVI/AAAAAAAACVw/RX4MFgiYFTs/s1600/Where+the+early+chinese+came+from.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" hca="true" height="240" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/--E7HPCyQUrE/Tj_G1YMzIVI/AAAAAAAACVw/RX4MFgiYFTs/s320/Where+the+early+chinese+came+from.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;（早期中国移民多数来自东南方）&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;上世纪的马华文学，记载着新客饱受欺凌的辛酸与奋斗圆梦的快乐，马华文学常用“过番客”、“番客”、“水客”、“返唐山”等词汇，他们跟新客之间有何关系呢？&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;古代的中国称外国为“番邦”，所以出国便成为“过番”，归侨则称为“番客”，番客回国便称为“返唐山”。当番客初到新加坡，属于新到的过番客，也就是“新客”了。至于“水客”，他们是随轮船往返中国与南洋之间的水手，专门为华侨捎银带信，是沟通海内外的桥樑。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;事实就是这么奥妙，好多过番客就这样在异乡寻得另一种气候，另一种土壤，留下来了。他们把老婆孩子带过来的也有，在南洋另起一头家的也有，两三代人下来，已经不是过番客，也不是新客老客，而是土生土长的当地人。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;迈入21&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;世纪，掀起移民热潮，有人要移，有人要收，世界各国天天在上演更换国籍的宣誓仪式。新加坡需要新移民来带动经济，处理手法不妥当下，新移民抢饭碗的民怨也在&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;2011&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;年&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;5&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;月的新加坡全国大选中拉低了当政&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;50&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;年的&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;PAP&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;的选票。今天的新移民所遇到的问题肯定和先辈不一样，新加坡常年接受新移民，但一场大选的结果凸显平衡新移民和照顾当地人的重要性。&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;美国政治学家&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;Robert Putnam&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;认为，一个多元人口与文化的社会，通常会影响社会团结及社群间的信任，减低凝聚力；即使是同属一个种族，也会缺乏信任。他将社会资本分为两大类：契结资本（&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;Bonding Capital&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;）和桥接资本（&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;Bridging Capital&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;）。当你和同样年龄、同种族、同宗教的人在一起来往的时候，就形成了契结资本；如果你和不同种族、不同年龄、信仰和背景的人来往，就形成了桥接资本。在一个多元文化、种族的社会，桥接资本是社会安定凝聚力的基石。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;新加坡人大多数是移民的后代，习惯在多元化的社会生活，如果不是平衡功夫有严重偏差，他们不会对外来移民有强烈的排斥。如何让新移民与新加坡社会建立起彼此的信任，不是一朝一日，通过人民协会刻意主办的很官方、很形式化的活动，或是通过总理部长前资政几句话便可以解决的。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-EzNjhi5nUeM/SzNLs2HI2CI/AAAAAAAABWE/__Znzv2Slhs/s1600/village+2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" hca="true" height="214" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-EzNjhi5nUeM/SzNLs2HI2CI/AAAAAAAABWE/__Znzv2Slhs/s320/village+2.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;（泰麟：童年的池塘与小径依旧在，几度夕阳红？2004）&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-N9d3lD1Q6oI/SzNL96p12pI/AAAAAAAABWc/Xr295s7XRq0/s1600/village+5.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" hca="true" height="212" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-N9d3lD1Q6oI/SzNL96p12pI/AAAAAAAABWc/Xr295s7XRq0/s320/village+5.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;（泰麟：童年的小石屋。1993）&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;泰麟说在他的年代，融入社会的方式主要有两个方式，一是通过宗乡会馆，有同乡人照应，安顿下来；也有人被私会党招募，加入黑社会，难以翻身。他很庆幸获得同乡的妈姐的眷顾，才能够离家&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;40&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;余年以后，以番客的身份返唐山，找回童年的池塘与小石屋。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/15158444-1409576154377945084?l=navalants.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://navalants.blogspot.com/feeds/1409576154377945084/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=15158444&amp;postID=1409576154377945084' title='5 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/15158444/posts/default/1409576154377945084'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/15158444/posts/default/1409576154377945084'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://navalants.blogspot.com/2012/01/1949.html' title='从1949延伸......（二十四）泰麟之过番客'/><author><name>.......</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06584661018093389655</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-USCC4aq33C8/Tn7pFtk7KqI/AAAAAAAACbw/9r1p9-DwKJI/s72-c/upper+chin+chew+street+1956.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>5</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-15158444.post-7684013510678060458</id><published>2011-12-30T12:30:00.000+08:00</published><updated>2011-12-30T12:30:00.220+08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='once upon a time'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='humanities'/><title type='text'>建筑百年 National Museum of Singapore</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;一年容易又岁末，建筑有百年，人生能有多少年？&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;走一段儿时路，感觉童声依旧，乍然回首，云过天青，说是了无痕迹吗却又有迹可寻。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;亚美尼亚街（&lt;span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"&gt;Armenian Street&lt;/span&gt;）一列排屋的尽头是&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;53&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;号，尽头与史丹福路交界处有一小片绿草地，人面不知何处去，榕树依旧笑春风，曾经为已经拆除的红砖国家图书馆旁的咖啡店带来一阵凉意。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://navalants.blogspot.com/2009/05/2046.html"&gt;http://navalants.blogspot.com/2009/05/2046.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-N56A21Ph2us/TlyQSSZ_WCI/AAAAAAAACYc/eKlmIUHt02U/s1600/14082011506.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="227" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-N56A21Ph2us/TlyQSSZ_WCI/AAAAAAAACYc/eKlmIUHt02U/s320/14082011506.jpg" width="320" xaa="true" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;（53 Armenian Street在路的尽头，近处是土生华人博物馆，前身为道南学校。2011）&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="201" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-kxczYccdcvw/TlyRZ5j43XI/AAAAAAAACY0/99SwU7dsXHc/s320/national+library+1990s.jpg" width="320" xaa="true" /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;（已经拆除的红砖国家图书馆，现为Fort Canning Tunnel。c.1990）&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-DTx4QJU6k4Y/TlyQkSjdUpI/AAAAAAAACYg/PKODNYVhWos/s1600/14082011518.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="240" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-DTx4QJU6k4Y/TlyQkSjdUpI/AAAAAAAACYg/PKODNYVhWos/s320/14082011518.jpg" width="320" xaa="true" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;（红砖国家图书馆仅存的遗迹：入门处的两个门柱。2011）&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;53&lt;/span&gt;号隔邻铺位是&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;51号，屋顶有个旗杆的 Peranakan Museum &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Simsun;"&gt;办公室，其貌不扬，但它的前身曾经在新加坡走过辉煌的史迹。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;51&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;号的前身是同德书报社，&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;1910&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;年&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;8&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;月&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;8&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;日成立，发起人为张永福、林义顺、陈楚楠等。成立的宗旨是为了支持孙中山的革命事业，“开通民智，推倒满清”。社友为了振兴教育，发起创办南洋女学校、南华女校和中华女学堂等。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-gmVXQVshYDk/TlyQO6HrwsI/AAAAAAAACYY/oPNdZ6zOvvI/s1600/51+Armenian+Street.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="240" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-gmVXQVshYDk/TlyQO6HrwsI/AAAAAAAACYY/oPNdZ6zOvvI/s320/51+Armenian+Street.jpg" width="320" xaa="true" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;（51 Armenian Street. 同德书报社前社址。2011）&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-AAgW0fpoYKA/TlyUrZrGkXI/AAAAAAAACY8/r8QIuoOdIBg/s1600/IMG_1623.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="228" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-AAgW0fpoYKA/TlyUrZrGkXI/AAAAAAAACY8/r8QIuoOdIBg/s320/IMG_1623.JPG" width="320" xaa="true" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;（同德书报社倡导文明婚姻。1936）&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;1930&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;年代同德书报社转型为社区服务，推翻男人三妻四妾的传统，鼓励一夫一妻制，开启了文明婚姻的先河。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;1936&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;年&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;4&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;月&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;12&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;日，新加坡已故前总统黄金辉先生（&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;19&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;岁）和许淑香夫人（&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;18&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;岁）在同德书报社的孙中山肖像前正式结为夫妻，携子之手，与子偕老。原来许淑香的继父是同德书报社社员，因此把婚礼安排在那里。同德书报社开创新风气，成为热门的结婚场所。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;亚美尼亚街尽头往左拐是新加坡国家博物馆，外形是俗称维多利亚风格的建筑，象征着过去殖民地时代繁荣的一面。后来学了一点建筑学的皮毛，才知道“维多利亚风格”只是代表维多利亚女王的时代，那个时代的英式建筑多采用白色典雅的&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;帕拉蒂奥（&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;Andrea Palladio&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;，&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;1508&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;－&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;1580&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;）&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;风格的新古典主义&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;建筑&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;模式，取材于古希腊神殿，配合罗马式的&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;拱&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;门&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'MS Mincho';"&gt;(Arch)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;和穹&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;顶（&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;Rotunda&lt;span lang="ZH-CN"&gt;）&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;，光是屋頂上的彩绘玻璃就有&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;50&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;片。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;古&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;罗马跟中国一样，相信天圆地方，所以以圆形的&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;穹&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;顶作为&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;建筑物的最高点，表示对神的追崇。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-FpPlr_vWi9s/TlyQ9fWu21I/AAAAAAAACYw/E2zi3OPlLeM/s1600/IMG_1058+compressed.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="240" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-FpPlr_vWi9s/TlyQ9fWu21I/AAAAAAAACYw/E2zi3OPlLeM/s320/IMG_1058+compressed.JPG" width="320" xaa="true" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;（国家博物馆的圆穹顶。2008）&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-fRYNB1rxPvw/TlyQ6bKnTtI/AAAAAAAACYs/Q9h_hg01X8Q/s1600/IMG_1072+compressed.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="240" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-fRYNB1rxPvw/TlyQ6bKnTtI/AAAAAAAACYs/Q9h_hg01X8Q/s320/IMG_1072+compressed.JPG" width="320" xaa="true" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;（圆穹顶的彩绘玻璃。2010）&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Zu7xBX5tKhI/SUtA6kjX_CI/AAAAAAAAAR8/lOb0OYONabk/s1600/IMG_1076+compressed.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="240" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Zu7xBX5tKhI/SUtA6kjX_CI/AAAAAAAAAR8/lOb0OYONabk/s320/IMG_1076+compressed.JPG" width="320" xaa="true" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;（国家博物馆：&lt;span style="font-family: Simsun;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN"&gt;帕拉蒂奥（&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;Andrea Palladio&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;，&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;1508&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;－&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;1580&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;）&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;风格的新古典&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;建筑&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;模式。&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;2009&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;）&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;新加坡国家博物馆由建筑师&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;Henry McCallum &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;设计，由当年的华人承包商建造。博物馆的&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;主楼始&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;建于&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;1850&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;年，于&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;1887&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;年完工。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;1907&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;年扩建&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;副楼&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;，&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;面积增加了一倍，&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;1926&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;年&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;完工。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;当时一楼是图书馆，二楼是博物院，称为&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;“&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;莱佛士图书馆及博物院&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;（&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;Raffles Library and Museum&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;）&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;，以自然科学与东南亚民俗考古为主。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;1960&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;年，毗邻的红砖国家图书馆落成，图书馆和博物馆分离，并于&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;1969&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;年重新命名为国家博物馆。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;2003&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;年国家博物馆再次扩建，增建新翼，最精彩的部分是&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;16&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;米高、&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;24&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;米宽的玻璃中庭，对古典圆穹大厅进行了现代演绎，以时尚的风格将新与旧、传统与现代&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;的时差&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;巧妙的融为一体。一百年后，人们走进博物馆，看到的就是两个世纪的建筑风格，今天新翼的采光玻璃建筑，就是一个世纪后的百年史。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;发觉很多访客对馆内玻璃廊道的设计，以及衔接旧建筑和新的延伸建筑的斜坡道上高高悬挂，以不同节奏摇晃的红色水晶吊灯深感兴趣，多数都会停下脚步，拍照留念。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-cWb0USZhMNU/TlyQ0dDo5vI/AAAAAAAACYo/pY0n6Y6DHnc/s1600/IMG_1062+compressed.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="240" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-cWb0USZhMNU/TlyQ0dDo5vI/AAAAAAAACYo/pY0n6Y6DHnc/s320/IMG_1062+compressed.JPG" width="320" xaa="true" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;（八盏吊灯。2009）&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;小时候踏进国家博物馆是免付费的，看到猴子、花鹿、老虎、大象、鸟类、鱼类和蝴蝶等动物的骨骼和标本，此外还有本地水果、蔬菜、矿产、以及马来人、爪哇人所使用的器皿如武器、钱币、纸币等。印象最深刻的是今天的玻璃走道那儿高高悬挂的鲸鱼骨架，有很多访客旧地重游，还询问起当年那条被误会的“恐龙的骨头”。当时走上二楼的梯阶为的就是&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;15&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;米长的印度长须鲸的骨架所带来的震撼。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://navalants.blogspot.com/2010/10/somewhere-in-deep-blue-sea.html"&gt;http://navalants.blogspot.com/2010/10/somewhere-in-deep-blue-sea.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-PGKClpFyF3c/TlyQwXuPrhI/AAAAAAAACYk/A25q0a8rY10/s1600/IMG_1063+compressed.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="320" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-PGKClpFyF3c/TlyQwXuPrhI/AAAAAAAACYk/A25q0a8rY10/s320/IMG_1063+compressed.JPG" width="240" xaa="true" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;（玻璃廊道。2009）&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-rDXucencPL0/TlyRv9x0cJI/AAAAAAAACY4/GILzh-usNZY/s1600/whale+skeleton.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="320" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-rDXucencPL0/TlyRv9x0cJI/AAAAAAAACY4/GILzh-usNZY/s320/whale+skeleton.jpg" width="201" xaa="true" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;（玻璃廊道的前身，悬挂在天花板上的印度鲸，许多人误会为恐龙骨。c.1970s）&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;当年国家博物馆展览文物的重点&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;以自然科学与东南亚民俗考古为主&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;，这和殖民地官员以动植物为文化重点很有关系。首任英国驻扎官&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;William Farquhar&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;到处收集本地的动植物标本，甚至叫人把这些动植物画下来收藏。&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;William Farquhar被莱佛士“驱逐”回国后，后人持续他的兴趣。&lt;/span&gt;慕名到博物院去的外国科学家络绎不绝，可见博物院在自然科学方面收藏非常可观。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;1918&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;年，博物馆增设了新加坡历史收藏部分，以肖像、地图和新加坡的旧照片为内容。到了&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;1972&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;年，展览重点由原来的自然科学转向&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;新加坡建国史、美术和区域文化&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;，&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;自然科学方面的收藏则交由新加坡科学馆和&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;新加坡大学管理&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;经过数次转型后，国家博物馆终于以新加坡历史为主流，通过一个历史展馆和四个生活展馆呈现出祖先从中国南来所走过的艰辛旅程。走出来就有路，肩负千斤担，一步一脚印，踏平世间不平路，以辛酸苦辣换取可以遮风挡雨的美好时光。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-2VkkynfS-uA/TlyU5QrwolI/AAAAAAAACZA/thZ16r2nldA/s1600/IMG_1609.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="259" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-2VkkynfS-uA/TlyU5QrwolI/AAAAAAAACZA/thZ16r2nldA/s320/IMG_1609.JPG" width="320" xaa="true" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;（木偶戏的舞台，为前人提供最简单的生活娱乐。2010）&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;鲸鱼骨架的命运又如何呢？&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;1892&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;年&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;6&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;月&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;19&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;日，这条印度鲸在马六甲附近的海滩搁浅（&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;Kampong Sa Batu&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;，&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;距离马六甲市约十公里），殖民地政府把骨架保存起来，在博物馆展示。新马分家后，家当也要一份清单，物归原主。据说现在这条印度鲸已经转移阵地，在东马沙巴的&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;Labuan Marine Museum 落户了&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/15158444-7684013510678060458?l=navalants.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://navalants.blogspot.com/feeds/7684013510678060458/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=15158444&amp;postID=7684013510678060458' title='3 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/15158444/posts/default/7684013510678060458'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/15158444/posts/default/7684013510678060458'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://navalants.blogspot.com/2011/12/national-museum-of-singapore.html' title='建筑百年 National Museum of Singapore'/><author><name>.......</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06584661018093389655</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-N56A21Ph2us/TlyQSSZ_WCI/AAAAAAAACYc/eKlmIUHt02U/s72-c/14082011506.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>3</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-15158444.post-78531724417236503</id><published>2011-12-23T12:30:00.000+08:00</published><updated>2011-12-23T12:30:01.538+08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='once upon a time'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='travels'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='humanities'/><title type='text'>玻璃隧道 Glass structure</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;说到英文小说，&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;1990&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;年代挺迷&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;Tom Clancy&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;的推理小说如&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;The Hunt for Red October, Executive Orders&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;等，科技加悬疑，引人入胜。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;2000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;年代则是属于&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;Dan Brown&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;的，曾经为了追看&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;The Da Vinci Code&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;（达芬奇密码）茶饭不思，后来还第一时间买下由&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;Tom Hank&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;和法国美女&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;Audrey Tautou&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;主演的电影&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;DVD&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;。如其他著名的作品，电影受到时空的限制，少了原创小说的思考空间，差了原汁原味。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;The Da Vinci Code&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;在全球的销售量超过&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;6000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;万冊，成为有史以来最卖座的小说。这本书以达芬奇的画作、有关圣杯&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt; Holy Grail &lt;/span&gt;的传说、玛丽亚（&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;Mary Magdalene&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;）在基督教历史中的角色等为主线，集合了侦探、历史、艺术、惊悚、推理和阴谋论等多种风格，逐步抽丝剥茧，在非基督教徒与基督教徒间制造了时空大混淆，还在教会的杯葛下，助长了销售和电影的气势。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-hhmG5Fzg95I/TlkYdleklzI/AAAAAAAACYE/jEDsPNtqB3E/s1600/Musee+du+Lourve.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="215" qaa="true" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-hhmG5Fzg95I/TlkYdleklzI/AAAAAAAACYE/jEDsPNtqB3E/s320/Musee+du+Lourve.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;（&lt;span style="font-family: Simsun;"&gt;罗浮宫&lt;/span&gt;Musee De Lourve金字塔入口。c.1992）&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;小说的结尾回到故事的原点（巴黎的罗浮宫）。宗教符号专家&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;Robert Langdon&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;对密码专家&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;"&gt;Sophie Nevue&lt;/span&gt;说了一段话。当他发现耶稣真的有后代，&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;"&gt;Sophie Nevue就是最后一个后裔，&lt;/span&gt;基督教可能是个骗局后，作为天主教徒的他该如何解释他的信仰呢？&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;Robert Langdon&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;说了一个亲身经历过的故事：小时候在井底快淹死时，曾向耶稣祷告，后来获救，他就相信耶稣是神。这个思维逻辑也就是说，重点不在于耶稣到底是不是神，而是在于你相不相信耶稣是神。你相信，他就是；你不信，他就不是。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;为了给世人保留一个信仰的空间和对待生命与未来的价值观，有些谎言是值得永远保密的。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;真相在那儿？就在罗浮宫那个玻璃金字塔形建筑物。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;玻璃金字塔属于罗浮宫扩建工程的新地标，是&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;1989&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;年法国大革命&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;200&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;周年纪念的巴黎十大工程之一，也是唯一由法国总统密特朗亲自委托建造的工程。此工程由美籍华人建筑师贝聿铭（&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;Ieoh Ming Pei&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;）设计，玻璃金字塔成为罗浮宫的入口处。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;光与空间的结合，使得空间变化万端，“让光线来作设计”是贝聿铭的名言。玻璃金字塔适当采光，带来一室充满变幻的自然美，这就是贝聿铭对历史建筑所赋予的新生命。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-bKCQFI2Tg8c/TlkYf2BQuWI/AAAAAAAACYI/xduzlWwgYVI/s1600/Musee+du+Lourve+2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="223" qaa="true" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-bKCQFI2Tg8c/TlkYf2BQuWI/AAAAAAAACYI/xduzlWwgYVI/s320/Musee+du+Lourve+2.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;(&lt;span style="font-family: Simsun;"&gt;玻璃金字塔下仰望长空。c.1992&lt;/span&gt;)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;馆内倒立的金字塔重约&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;30&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;吨，&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;13&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;米宽，塔尖指向地面的另一个石头筑成的小金字塔。小金字塔有如玻璃金字塔的倒影，在&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;The Da Vinci Code&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;中，小金字塔下方蕴藏着真正的秘密。倒立的玻璃金字塔有如女性的子宫，石头金字塔有如刀片，是男性的象征，整个建筑结构表达了男女一体。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;而小小的石头金字塔就像冰山一角，地底下的密室保藏着玛丽亚的遗体和石棺。玛丽亚就躺在星空下，仰望夜空，在信徒刻意保护的秘密下长眠。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-gbCZZdLbMDo/TlX0LtDw-xI/AAAAAAAACYA/9TE9FvyC8UM/s1600/Pyramid-musee+de+lourve+2.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="320" qaa="true" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-gbCZZdLbMDo/TlX0LtDw-xI/AAAAAAAACYA/9TE9FvyC8UM/s320/Pyramid-musee+de+lourve+2.JPG" width="215" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;罗浮宫座落于塞纳河畔，是我当年曾经跟老婆浪漫流连的地方。我们缺乏&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;Dan Brown&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;那种侦探精神，从来没有发觉到金字塔下的秘密。可是知道金字塔下真正的秘密后，还是保留神秘感好，因为真正的真相真的令人乏味。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;真相是小金字塔其实是可以移动的，移动不是为了进入地下密室，只是方便维修倒立的玻璃金字塔。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;在&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;2000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;年代的新加坡国家博物馆，发现了临摹贝聿铭的手法的建筑物。那是远在天边，近在眼前。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-W1WRKMQpJy4/TlkZe915E-I/AAAAAAAACYU/pb4FIQ3lgdU/s1600/IMG_1076+compressed.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="240" qaa="true" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-W1WRKMQpJy4/TlkZe915E-I/AAAAAAAACYU/pb4FIQ3lgdU/s320/IMG_1076+compressed.JPG" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;(&lt;span style="font-family: Simsun;"&gt;新加坡国家博物馆。c.2008&lt;/span&gt;)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-OzMTdsDgh8w/TlkYzBFxJ7I/AAAAAAAACYM/RkgMwRgh9lI/s1600/14082011522.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="240" qaa="true" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-OzMTdsDgh8w/TlkYzBFxJ7I/AAAAAAAACYM/RkgMwRgh9lI/s320/14082011522.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;(&lt;span style="font-family: Simsun;"&gt;新加坡国家博物馆的玻璃通道。2011&lt;/span&gt;)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-h4thi3xLysg/TlkY5-RTftI/AAAAAAAACYQ/QwiLUY9NmkA/s1600/IMG_1063+compressed.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="320" qaa="true" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-h4thi3xLysg/TlkY5-RTftI/AAAAAAAACYQ/QwiLUY9NmkA/s320/IMG_1063+compressed.JPG" width="240" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;（玻璃通道衔接新楼与旧楼，仰望长空。2011）&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;新加坡国家博物馆的新楼，以及新楼与旧楼间的通道，可以透过玻璃仰望星空，也可近距离&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;观赏3000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;鱼鳞状锌片铺盖成的罗马式的圆穹顶（1887年建成），就好像通过时间的隧道走入过去，在透光的玻璃上看到历史映射的斑驳痕迹，隐隐约约间给历史和当下筑起一条联系的长廊。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;在长廊间和谐共存的新与旧，不是很值得我们去思考、去回味吗？&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/15158444-78531724417236503?l=navalants.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://navalants.blogspot.com/feeds/78531724417236503/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=15158444&amp;postID=78531724417236503' title='3 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/15158444/posts/default/78531724417236503'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/15158444/posts/default/78531724417236503'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://navalants.blogspot.com/2011/12/glass-structure.html' title='玻璃隧道 Glass structure'/><author><name>.......</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06584661018093389655</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-hhmG5Fzg95I/TlkYdleklzI/AAAAAAAACYE/jEDsPNtqB3E/s72-c/Musee+du+Lourve.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>3</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-15158444.post-486156188469998193</id><published>2011-12-16T12:26:00.000+08:00</published><updated>2011-12-16T12:26:00.105+08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='once upon a time'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='happiness'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='humanities'/><title type='text'>四海寻梦 Clan Association</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 17px;"&gt;“如果不曾遇见你，我将会是在哪里？日子过得怎么样？人生是否要珍惜？也许认识某一人，过着平凡的日子．不知道会不会，也有爱情甜如蜜？”---《我只在乎你》&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;新移民一波接一波，时不时都会成为茶余饭后的大众话题。时势造英雄，在过去的年代，&lt;/span&gt;宗乡会馆曾经为新客带来生命的曙光。1949年共产党解放中国，闭关三十年，1950年代至1970年代是中国移民的断层，1980年代中国逐步对外开放，掀起回乡寻根的热潮；散布在中国大江南北的人民也开始往外寻梦，酝酿着第三波移民潮。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;早期的华侨讲究缘份，四海寻梦，经商聚财，在家靠父母，出外靠朋友。沿着这条文化思路，就不难理解早期本地华人社团的作用。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-6bjXjSJRhQE/TqpUQwjn_mI/AAAAAAAACf4/zXpP5tuyJqk/s1600/clan+society.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="240" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-6bjXjSJRhQE/TqpUQwjn_mI/AAAAAAAACf4/zXpP5tuyJqk/s320/clan+society.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;（宗乡会馆是团结早期华人移民的桥梁）&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;当年放眼望去，大家的移民身份大致相同，差异只是时间的深浅。人在异乡求存，像风筝般情牵一线，在翱翔中充满变数，脆弱无常。风筝线连接到生活的源头，通过身在异乡的同乡人，结下血缘地缘业缘。自力更生加上江湖义气，打造出今日的新加坡。&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN"&gt;&lt;a href="http://navalants.blogspot.com/2010/06/1949_30.html"&gt;http://navalants.blogspot.com/2010/06/1949_30.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;海外华人社团源于中国本土的“会馆”。会馆盛行于明末清初，就其属性、特征而言，有血缘性，地缘性和业缘性。明代中叶以后商品经济的发展和海外移民数量的增加促使民间会馆大量涌现。“客旅重洋、互助为先；远适异邦，馆舍为重”道出了海外华人社团诞生的根本原因。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;在新加坡的亲缘性团体中，历史最悠久的是曹家馆，成立于&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;1819&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;年，与新加坡的开埠史同龄。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;1819&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;年&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;月&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;29&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;日，莱佛士乘船驶至新加坡海面，但对新加坡的土人有所避忌不敢造次，该船木匠曹亚志毅然充当开路先锋，乘小艇登岸，将英国之国旗插在升旗山岭（福康宁山顶，&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;Fort Canning&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;），莱佛士见到旗帜才在新加坡河口登岸。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;曹亚志(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"&gt;1782-1830&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;)是广东台山人，他抵达新加坡后即创设曹府大公司（后来称为“曹家馆”），从事木匠、泥水等台山人的传统行业。新加坡开埠初期需要许多工匠从事建设工作，曹亚志便从家乡引进了许多宗亲及乡亲南来。曹亚志于&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;1822&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;年再创立宁阳公司（后来称为“宁阳会馆”），是新加坡第一家外侨会馆。这一来，台山的曹氏宗亲加入曹家馆，所有的台山同乡都可以加入宁阳会馆。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"&gt;应和会馆是继宁阳会馆之后，第二个成立的客属会馆，也是在1822年成立。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-84Jg0ylqalo/TlD0_v0UnOI/AAAAAAAACXs/0u_dPm9KEU0/s1600/The+oldest+bell+from+nin+yang+clan.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="320" qaa="true" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-84Jg0ylqalo/TlD0_v0UnOI/AAAAAAAACXs/0u_dPm9KEU0/s320/The+oldest+bell+from+nin+yang+clan.JPG" width="249" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;（宁阳会馆的古钟）&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;新加坡的宗乡会馆和宗亲会馆是伴随着华人先辈的足迹发展起来的，&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;在本地华侨史上曾扮演过重要角色&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;。新加坡开埠初期，南来谋生的的华人为了维持同宗或同乡之间的感情，互相介绍工作，在生活中互相照顾，便组织起宗乡会馆。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;发展到&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;十九世纪末至二十世纪初，新加坡成为一个繁华的海港城市。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;1860&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;年，&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;中英签下“北京条约”，中国华人可以自由移居到英国殖民地，加上&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;1893&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;年满清政府在外国势力下废除移民禁令，&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;大量男性移民从华南如广东、潮州、福建等地到新加坡谋生，形成新加坡华人五大方言族群：广东人、潮州人、福建人、客家人和海南人&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;。当时华人约占&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"&gt;70&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;%，其余来自马来群岛和印度等地。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;阳盛阴衰的社会同时带来犯罪吸毒打斗私会党等严重的社会问题，&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"&gt;1930&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;年代英殖民地政府限制中国男性移民新加坡，女性则不受限制。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;1934&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;至&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;1938&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;年间，将近二十万名三水女工和妈姐（&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;三水、顺德、东莞等地）南来，逐渐调和男女人口不均的问题，社会组织渐趋平衡。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-1pbXBEaBogI/TlD0zAIeWyI/AAAAAAAACXk/ktptbiiN8ZY/s1600/singapore+dialect+group+men+and+women+in+1881.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="179" qaa="true" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-1pbXBEaBogI/TlD0zAIeWyI/AAAAAAAACXk/ktptbiiN8ZY/s320/singapore+dialect+group+men+and+women+in+1881.JPG" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;（1881年新加坡华人方言群）&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-mCZkAr1dWjM/TlD02b_qnHI/AAAAAAAACXo/Tf0CkMm3Qhg/s1600/singapore+dialect+group.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="163" qaa="true" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-mCZkAr1dWjM/TlD02b_qnHI/AAAAAAAACXo/Tf0CkMm3Qhg/s320/singapore+dialect+group.JPG" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;（1881-1947年间，福建族群激增）&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;移民来到新加坡，也带来各地的风土人情与民间歌谣，丰富的南洋色彩使好些民谣本土化，掺杂了马来语，好跟马来同胞沟通，还有如大狗兄，指的是警察，富有地方特色。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;1979&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;年的讲华语运动严重打击新加坡地方方言的传承，&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;Y-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;时代成长的年轻一代对方言还有认知的可能已是异类了。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-i7HcMQJmH98/TlD13PjP3tI/AAAAAAAACXw/Go5CS74BzrE/s1600/Early+immigrants.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="240" qaa="true" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-i7HcMQJmH98/TlD13PjP3tI/AAAAAAAACXw/Go5CS74BzrE/s320/Early+immigrants.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;（19世纪至20世纪初，中国侨民从华南沿海港口到南洋）&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;潮汕歌仔&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;--&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;畲歌畲嘻嘻&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;畲歌畲嘻嘻，我有畲歌一畚箕，一千八百哩来斗，一百八十勿磨来。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;"&gt;&lt;div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;畲歌畲嗨嗨，我有畲歌一米筛，一千八百哩来斗，一百八十勿磨来。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;object class="BLOGGER-youtube-video" classid="clsid:D27CDB6E-AE6D-11cf-96B8-444553540000" codebase="http://download.macromedia.com/pub/shockwave/cabs/flash/swflash.cab#version=6,0,40,0" data-thumbnail-src="http://3.gvt0.com/vi/Ae3QJlwgKzc/0.jpg" height="266" width="320"&gt;&lt;param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/Ae3QJlwgKzc&amp;fs=1&amp;source=uds" /&gt;&lt;param name="bgcolor" value="#FFFFFF" /&gt;&lt;embed width="320" height="266"  src="http://www.youtube.com/v/Ae3QJlwgKzc&amp;fs=1&amp;source=uds" type="application/x-shockwave-flash"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;福建歌谣&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;--&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;安津大狗兄 (马来话+福建话的经典搭配！）&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;安津尾沙大狗兄，西页遮鸽说你听，面搭索拉一张字，马梭茹沙要做戏。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-lZb9pC9T-1M/TlD15Y-5YDI/AAAAAAAACX0/CKgYYfeF56I/s1600/An+tsin+tua+kau+hia.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="240" qaa="true" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-lZb9pC9T-1M/TlD15Y-5YDI/AAAAAAAACX0/CKgYYfeF56I/s320/An+tsin+tua+kau+hia.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Simsun;"&gt;（安津大狗兄）&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;广东歌谣&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;--&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;月光光（简化版）&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;月光光，照地堂。年卅晚，摘槟榔。槟榔香，摘子姜。子姜辣，买蒲突。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;蒲突苦，买猪肚。猪肚肥，买牛皮。牛皮韧，买张刀。刀背薄，买菱角。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;菱角尖，买马鞭。马鞭长，买只羊。羊沉底，沉死佐两只番鬼仔，&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;一只浮头，一只沉底。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/15158444-486156188469998193?l=navalants.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://navalants.blogspot.com/feeds/486156188469998193/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=15158444&amp;postID=486156188469998193' title='3 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/15158444/posts/default/486156188469998193'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/15158444/posts/default/486156188469998193'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://navalants.blogspot.com/2011/12/clan-association.html' title='四海寻梦 Clan Association'/><author><name>.......</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06584661018093389655</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-6bjXjSJRhQE/TqpUQwjn_mI/AAAAAAAACf4/zXpP5tuyJqk/s72-c/clan+society.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>3</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-15158444.post-1755201184921429129</id><published>2011-12-09T12:30:00.000+08:00</published><updated>2011-12-09T12:30:00.220+08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='once upon a time'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='humanities'/><title type='text'>亚美尼亚Armenian Church of Saint Gregory the Illuminator</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;欧洲城市纵横游，几乎每一堵墙每一片瓦都蕴藏着属于它们的故事，历史是写在建筑上的。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;漫步在新加坡市区，映入眼帘的，是现代化的高楼大厦，在红花绿叶的簇拥下熠熠生辉，展现出新加坡当代经济建设的非凡成就。不过在新加坡市区与边缘各式各样的现代化的建筑群中，依然散落着一些年代不同、风格迥异的古老建筑。回眸一望，许多历史景象如金鱼缸外的世界，模糊不清，多姿多彩民族性鲜明的城市正逐渐向国际化都市看齐。还好有些历史性建筑仍然屹立在一片方土上，随着时间的沉淀与有心人的逐步探索，丰富了它们的内容。不同年代、不同风格的建筑，记录了新加坡不同时期的经历。看着这些建筑，难免令人对新加坡短暂但多元化的史迹另眼相看。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-JKxbqdIA3CA/Tkfe7ETWtCI/AAAAAAAACWA/kS2LMpLjDTA/s1600/IMG_0964-compressed.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="240" naa="true" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-JKxbqdIA3CA/Tkfe7ETWtCI/AAAAAAAACWA/kS2LMpLjDTA/s320/IMG_0964-compressed.JPG" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;（Armenian Church. 2010）&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;1973&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;年&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;7&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;月&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;6&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;日被列为新加坡历史古迹的亚美尼亚教堂（&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;Armenian Church&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;）位于禧街（&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;Hill Street&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;）中华总商会对面，教堂的背面紧挨着亚美尼亚街（&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;Armenian Street&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;）。圣洁优雅的亚美尼亚教堂是一座融合了古希腊传统的古典建筑：三角楣饰、柱子与台阶。教堂的南、西、北三面门廊可见到&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt; Doric Order 和Ionic Order &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;的圆柱，四面突出的门廊则展现出古希腊神殿所代表的庄严和平。教堂在尖塔外观的方形结构下，内部的空间格局却是圆的，建筑师的巧思令人赞叹。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://navalants.blogspot.com/2009/11/armenian-part-1-of-2-vanda-miss-joaquim.html"&gt;http://navalants.blogspot.com/2009/11/armenian-part-1-of-2-vanda-miss-joaquim.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://navalants.blogspot.com/2009/11/armenian-part-2-of-2-from-ancient-times.html"&gt;http://navalants.blogspot.com/2009/11/armenian-part-2-of-2-from-ancient-times.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://nmsmandarindocents.wordpress.com/2008/10/26/%e5%8d%93%e9%94%a6%e4%b8%87%e9%bb%9b%e5%85%b0-%e4%ba%9a%e7%be%8e%e5%b0%bc%e4%ba%9a%e4%bc%a0%e5%a5%87/"&gt;http://nmsmandarindocents.wordpress.com/2008/10/26/%e5%8d%93%e9%94%a6%e4%b8%87%e9%bb%9b%e5%85%b0-%e4%ba%9a%e7%be%8e%e5%b0%bc%e4%ba%9a%e4%bc%a0%e5%a5%87/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://nmsmandarindocents.wordpress.com/2009/06/18/%e4%ba%9a%e7%be%8e%e5%b0%bc%e4%ba%9a%e4%ba%ba%e7%9f%a5%e5%a4%9a%e5%b0%91%ef%bc%88%e4%b8%8a%ef%bc%89/"&gt;http://nmsmandarindocents.wordpress.com/2009/06/18/%e4%ba%9a%e7%be%8e%e5%b0%bc%e4%ba%9a%e4%ba%ba%e7%9f%a5%e5%a4%9a%e5%b0%91%ef%bc%88%e4%b8%8a%ef%bc%89/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;亚美尼亚是个位于高加索（&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;Caucasus&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;），靠近欧亚大陆交界处的国家，西临土耳其，北有格鲁吉亚，南有伊朗，东为阿塞拜疆，是个被回教包围着的世界上第一个宣布基督教为全国信仰宗教的国家。公元&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;301&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;年，亚美尼亚国王得到了&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;St Gregory the Illuminator &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;的帮助，竟然治好不愈之症，于是定基督教为国&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;教。亚美尼亚自&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;1922&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;年起是苏联的成员国之一，&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;1991&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;年苏联瓦解后，亚美尼亚独立。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-qZVu1Q7OtsM/TkffNIWUhnI/AAAAAAAACWM/YjpAkeSKWs8/s1600/IMG_0970-compressed.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="240" naa="true" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-qZVu1Q7OtsM/TkffNIWUhnI/AAAAAAAACWM/YjpAkeSKWs8/s320/IMG_0970-compressed.JPG" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;（Armenia's geographical location）&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;亚美尼亚所属的这个地区是兵家必争之地，长年累月的战争导致许多亚美尼亚人逃离家园。渐渐的，旅居和在海外出生的亚美尼亚人越来越多，粗略估计，目前全世界有一千多万名亚美尼亚人，但真正居住在亚美尼亚国内的只有三百万余人，其他人都分散在世界各地。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;拥有&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;175&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;年历史的亚美尼亚教堂是在&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;1835&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;年，由爱尔兰建筑师&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;George Dromgold Coleman&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;设计，是他的代表作之一。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;Coleman&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;的另一代表作是二马路吊桥头&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;Coleman Bridge&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;Coleman Street&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;哥里门街（俗称酒店街）以他的名字命名，纪念他对新加坡的贡献。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-4k--5dH5GdU/TkfhP1p04jI/AAAAAAAACWw/4skwPJb7DDo/s1600/IMG_1211.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="189" naa="true" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-4k--5dH5GdU/TkfhP1p04jI/AAAAAAAACWw/4skwPJb7DDo/s320/IMG_1211.JPG" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;(Coleman Bridge, 2009)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;教堂的原名&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;St Gregory the Illuminator, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;取自亚美尼亚第一位传教士。至于教堂的设计，有一个说法是取自亚美尼亚北方的&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;Mother Cathedral of Holy Etchmiadzin &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;（&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;Holy Mother of God Church&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;），初落成时有一个圆顶和一个钟楼，后来因为结构问题，&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;1853&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;年改为尖塔。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-1uFr_exyb0A/TkkrgIXb8dI/AAAAAAAACW4/bG_qMygHrg0/s1600/Mother+Cathedral+of+Holy+Etchmiadzin.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="240" naa="true" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-1uFr_exyb0A/TkkrgIXb8dI/AAAAAAAACW4/bG_qMygHrg0/s320/Mother+Cathedral+of+Holy+Etchmiadzin.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;(Mother Cathedral of Holy Etchmiadzin) &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;这座教堂从建立伊始，便成为在新加坡的亚美尼亚人活动的中心。教堂的旁边是早期的亚美尼亚陵墓，在久经风雨的墓碑和雕刻上，还可以看出细致的雕工。新加坡的国花卓锦万代兰的培植者&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;Agnes (Ashen) Joaquim&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;也安葬在这里。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-CJtb2923z2k/TkffpZCW-EI/AAAAAAAACWc/Cw1qP9vwK6U/s1600/IMG_0976-compressed.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="240" naa="true" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-CJtb2923z2k/TkffpZCW-EI/AAAAAAAACWc/Cw1qP9vwK6U/s320/IMG_0976-compressed.JPG" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-wPkumfkULS0/TkffdWr6jxI/AAAAAAAACWU/QC4RyMobQng/s1600/IMG_0974-compressed.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="240" naa="true" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-wPkumfkULS0/TkffdWr6jxI/AAAAAAAACWU/QC4RyMobQng/s320/IMG_0974-compressed.JPG" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-S-jrSXwNIgw/TkffjRzQ7HI/AAAAAAAACWY/bzpsfqnDgTs/s1600/IMG_0975-compressed.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="240" naa="true" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-S-jrSXwNIgw/TkffjRzQ7HI/AAAAAAAACWY/bzpsfqnDgTs/s320/IMG_0975-compressed.JPG" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;(Graveyards in Armenian Church. 2008)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;当年，新加坡、马六甲和槟城是发展蓬勃的英国殖民地，&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;1820&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;年第一批亚美尼亚人飘洋过海到新加坡落脚。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;1828&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;年，&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;Aristarchus Sarkies &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;和&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt; Arratoon Sarkies &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;两兄弟从马六甲来到新加坡，他们的后裔&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;Arshak Sarkies, Aviet Sarkies &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;和&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt; Tigran Sarkies&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;在&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;1887&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;年创立莱佛士酒店，后来也建立了&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;Adelphi Hotel&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;早期来到新加坡的亚美尼亚人有别于其他族群如中国客工与欧洲商人。一般到新加坡来的过客多是为了谋生的单生汉，他们在新加坡赚够盘缠后便回国娶亲养老。相比之下，亚美尼亚人往往抱着落地生根的心态，扶老携幼，整个家族来到新加坡。部分原因是因为他们想找一个有更优异条件的地方好让他们的后代有更安稳的发展，不需要在祖国经历动荡与不安。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-TAGYeTFP6bQ/TkfesoHSkEI/AAAAAAAACV0/yFcvknrKXrY/s1600/IMG_0971-compressed.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="204" naa="true" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-TAGYeTFP6bQ/TkfesoHSkEI/AAAAAAAACV0/yFcvknrKXrY/s320/IMG_0971-compressed.JPG" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;(Armenians c.1917)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;基督教堂对虔诚的亚美尼亚人来说，是团结的力量，是生活的指引，也是精神的寄托，意义重大。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;19&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;世纪，新加坡的亚美尼亚族群虽然不到&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;150&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;人，但他们在&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;1827&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;年便开始筹款建教堂，&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;1833&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;年亚美尼亚社群向政府买下现在禧街的这块地（原为福康宁山麓的植物园），在本地、&lt;span a="undefined" c="4" class="short_text" closure_uid_fh7f53="148" id="result_box" lang="zh-CN"&gt;&lt;span closure_uid_fh7f53="138"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"&gt;巴达维亚&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;（Batavia， Today's Jakarta）和加尔各答（&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;Calcutta&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;）的同胞，以及本地的欧族和华商的支助下，新加坡的第一座教堂在&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;1835&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;年正式落成，并按照亚美尼亚教堂建筑传统，礼拜的方向面向东边。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-KszySd7pwgE/Tkfe2xBMIkI/AAAAAAAACV8/_rrYfQL0J4A/s1600/Armenian+church+1830s.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="196" naa="true" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-KszySd7pwgE/Tkfe2xBMIkI/AAAAAAAACV8/_rrYfQL0J4A/s320/Armenian+church+1830s.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;(Armenian Church, c.1940)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-S0DeJdl4LbI/TkffADkmfdI/AAAAAAAACWE/VLXZD2MrZVU/s1600/IMG_0965.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="269" naa="true" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-S0DeJdl4LbI/TkffADkmfdI/AAAAAAAACWE/VLXZD2MrZVU/s320/IMG_0965.JPG" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-wnIvvIhR5eI/TkffFGF-ILI/AAAAAAAACWI/bV5UbZVTS3w/s1600/IMG_0969.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="320" naa="true" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-wnIvvIhR5eI/TkffFGF-ILI/AAAAAAAACWI/bV5UbZVTS3w/s320/IMG_0969.JPG" width="222" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;(Armenian Church was born)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;近几年参与国家博物馆的活动，再度漫游新加坡的亚美尼亚，尝试通过旧建筑的视角重拾记忆的片段。曾经陪伴我度过童年走过年少的亚美尼亚街虽然没有其他街道的风光与风采，但结合当年的书香、艺术与道地美食，旧得并不碍眼，在承受着的过往中散发出独特的人文气息。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-nc5fnjd99Ao/Tkfipl3wGtI/AAAAAAAACW0/DwCiZjq0af8/s1600/14082011504.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="240" naa="true" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-nc5fnjd99Ao/Tkfipl3wGtI/AAAAAAAACW0/DwCiZjq0af8/s320/14082011504.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;(Armenian Church from Armenian Street, 2011)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-kDWOFYk-Vvg/Tkff8o_9VOI/AAAAAAAACWo/wx20HuIHQQg/s1600/14082011510.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="240" naa="true" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-kDWOFYk-Vvg/Tkff8o_9VOI/AAAAAAAACWo/wx20HuIHQQg/s320/14082011510.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;(Peranakan Museum, formerly 道南学校, Armenian Street. 2011)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;亚美尼亚街以亚美尼亚教堂命名，背负着殖民地的历史与色彩，与隔邻的土生华人博物馆（前道南学校）相映成趣。小时候因为常去&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;Armenian Street&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;转角的红砖国家图书馆，顺便转入&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;MPH&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;书局泡冷气而对这条约百米长的街道有一份特殊的感情。亚米尼亚街的建筑一般建于&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;20&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;世纪初，有些建筑还注明建造年份。旧&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;MPH&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;书局典雅的外观&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;有精细及漂亮的装饰元素和&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;Tuscan order的&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;柱子，气派非凡，电力站一排战前老建筑则包含很本土的南洋风格。附近营业了&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;55&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;年后结业的福协隆咖啡店的炒粿条可是一绝，当年跟父亲上二楼买印刷用的铅字后，咖啡店是个稍息站，福协隆的咖啡配粿条的味觉依然念念不忘。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-7mOcUhl8GzE/TkkrqQCAkXI/AAAAAAAACW8/J0E2bFk93xU/s1600/Armenian+street+1901.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="239" naa="true" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-7mOcUhl8GzE/TkkrqQCAkXI/AAAAAAAACW8/J0E2bFk93xU/s320/Armenian+street+1901.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;(Armenian Street. NHB. 1901)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Av2sI9CXPdA/TlMpFfOA53I/AAAAAAAACX4/4Jr3-i91hWg/s1600/Armenian+street+coffee+shop.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="320" qaa="true" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Av2sI9CXPdA/TlMpFfOA53I/AAAAAAAACX4/4Jr3-i91hWg/s320/Armenian+street+coffee+shop.jpg" width="213" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;（&lt;span style="font-family: Simsun;"&gt;福协隆咖啡店&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"&gt;at the junction of Armenian Street and Lok Yew Street. c1980s）&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-zX_WrvEp6wI/TlMpM99BZTI/AAAAAAAACX8/wsdt7OxwSzI/s1600/armenianbldg.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="210" qaa="true" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-zX_WrvEp6wI/TlMpM99BZTI/AAAAAAAACX8/wsdt7OxwSzI/s320/armenianbldg.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;（&lt;span style="font-family: Simsun;"&gt;福协隆咖啡店&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"&gt;at the junction of Armenian Street and Lok Yew Street. c1990s）&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-qX3iH8Gfyhk/Tkff3ikr-iI/AAAAAAAACWk/Cjsv_SSWHXo/s1600/14082011509.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="241" naa="true" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-qX3iH8Gfyhk/Tkff3ikr-iI/AAAAAAAACWk/Cjsv_SSWHXo/s320/14082011509.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;（&lt;span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"&gt;At the junction of Armenia Street and Lok Yew Street. 2011）&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-SnYz8JXOeJM/TkfgBDkndwI/AAAAAAAACWs/qg4huWP4WCo/s1600/14082011514.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="227" naa="true" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-SnYz8JXOeJM/TkfgBDkndwI/AAAAAAAACWs/qg4huWP4WCo/s320/14082011514.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;（Former MPH Bookshop at the junction of Armenian Street and Stamford Road. 2011）&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;山不在高，有仙则名；水不在深，有龙则灵。亚美尼亚族群虽然人数不多，但他们在&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;19&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;世纪的贡献对今日&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;21&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;世纪的新加坡依然影响深远。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;Catchick Moses (1812-1895)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;是海峡时报（&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt; The Straits Times&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;，&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;1845 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;年）的创办人；&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;The Sarkies brothers &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;（&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;Martin, Arshak, Aviet and Tigran&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;）&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;创办了闻名遐迩的莱佛士酒店（&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;1887&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;年，日战时期易名为昭南旅館）。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-rxUvmtG4tZc/TkfftKjaiCI/AAAAAAAACWg/eS71VAOPcJQ/s1600/raffles+hotel+1887.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="320" naa="true" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-rxUvmtG4tZc/TkfftKjaiCI/AAAAAAAACWg/eS71VAOPcJQ/s320/raffles+hotel+1887.jpg" width="242" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;(Raffles Hotel founded by Sarkies Brother. NHB c.1890)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;在新加坡土生土长的万黛兰女士（&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;Agnes Joaquim&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;，&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt; 1854-1899&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;），父亲早逝，帮忙母亲抚养九个弟妹成长。她错过了婚嫁年龄，决定把生命奉献给教会和园圃。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;1899&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;年的花卉展上，她展示了亲手培植的胡姬花卓锦万黛兰（&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;Vanda Miss Joaquim&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;），夺得冠军及十二元奖金。三个月后万黛兰因癌症与世长辞。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;1981&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;年&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;在四十多个胡姬花品种中，卓锦万黛兰脱颖而出，被选为新加坡国花。虽然万黛兰只在人间过了短短的&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;45&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun;"&gt;载，她的生命却因卓锦万黛兰而延续，在新加坡绽放着无限光芒，后续的故事不仅完美，也很精彩。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-bM9uxN6-Wjw/TkfeycAH6TI/AAAAAAAACV4/xdjbvBvrBVo/s1600/444px-Vanda_Miss_Joaquim.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="320" naa="true" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-bM9uxN6-Wjw/TkfeycAH6TI/AAAAAAAACV4/xdjbvBvrBVo/s320/444px-Vanda_Miss_Joaquim.jpg" width="237" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;(Vanda Miss Joaquim)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/15158444-1755201184921429129?l=navalants.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://navalants.blogspot.com/feeds/1755201184921429129/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=15158444&amp;postID=1755201184921429129' title='4 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/15158444/posts/default/1755201184921429129'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/15158444/posts/default/1755201184921429129'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://navalants.blogspot.com/2011/12/armenian-church-of-saint-gregory.html' title='亚美尼亚Armenian Church of Saint Gregory the Illuminator'/><author><name>.......</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06584661018093389655</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-JKxbqdIA3CA/Tkfe7ETWtCI/AAAAAAAACWA/kS2LMpLjDTA/s72-c/IMG_0964-compressed.JPG' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>4</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-15158444.post-4324520664931240085</id><published>2011-12-02T12:47:00.000+08:00</published><updated>2011-12-02T12:47:00.457+08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='once upon a time'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='education'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='humanities'/><title type='text'>潮州学堂 I attended Teo Chew School</title><content type='html'>2011年10月1日，一群校友与师长在前端蒙中学校舍纪念建校105年。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;当年在义安公司旗下的端蒙中学与附小念书，每一年的小学周会上，杨伟群校长都会花上至少两个小时，细细解读校徽上八颗星星与灯塔、每一本簿子背后那一页校训“请慎诚正”的意义、校歌的含义以及对作词作曲人曾履川先生和李豪女士的感激，最终传达的信息是饮水思源与做人的原则，知道我从哪里来，才能够为自己定位，知道该往哪里去。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-dSduiCa4n1Q/TlCki2kCmxI/AAAAAAAACXM/_J3zrNm3Y00/s1600/School+ethic.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="123" qaa="true" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-dSduiCa4n1Q/TlCki2kCmxI/AAAAAAAACXM/_J3zrNm3Y00/s320/School+ethic.PNG" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;（校训）&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-fcbkmxqsnKk/TlCklyzmmAI/AAAAAAAACXQ/GQAOiLU7BLE/s1600/School+Song.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="225" qaa="true" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-fcbkmxqsnKk/TlCklyzmmAI/AAAAAAAACXQ/GQAOiLU7BLE/s320/School+Song.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;（校歌-李豪作曲）&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;杨伟群校长写得一手好书法，每年的毕业特刊都会露一手。他有时也会代课，不教书却传授些课外人文知识。小六那年他代的一节课，粉笔在黑板上飞舞，悲愤豪迈之情像跳动的音符，收复八千里江河的壮志未酬，是岳飞的《满江红》。感情原来是可以通过粉笔来表达的，这就是书法的魅力。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;杨伟群校长已作古人，但是因为有他，才懂得毛笔蘸墨后，原来可以静心怡情；因为有他，使我这个“外省人”对潮州先贤办校的精神了解多一些。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Ortarmc7P-o/TlCk5VgnZ-I/AAAAAAAACXg/yNj-LdlzwNU/s1600/YangWeiQun1977.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="320" qaa="true" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Ortarmc7P-o/TlCk5VgnZ-I/AAAAAAAACXg/yNj-LdlzwNU/s320/YangWeiQun1977.jpg" width="246" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-wAHY34ti8uE/TlCk3NjCoRI/AAAAAAAACXc/F8N2g4bj0Y0/s1600/YangWeiQun1976.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="320" qaa="true" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-wAHY34ti8uE/TlCk3NjCoRI/AAAAAAAACXc/F8N2g4bj0Y0/s320/YangWeiQun1976.jpg" width="229" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;（杨伟群校长的书法，大师风范，自成一格。1976，1977）&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;在宏观的历史层面上，戊戌政变后，清朝政府鼓吹新学制，同时希望通过海外侨民来拯救一气尚存的满清命脉，康有为则逃亡到新加坡，孙中山也到新加坡宣传中国革命运动。他们都提倡设立学堂，以提高华人社会的教育水平。继19世纪的崇文阁和萃英书院后，20世纪的华人社会纷纷出资设立学校。广帮首先于1905年设立养正学校，客帮人士则在直落亚逸设立应新学校。接踵而来的有潮州人于1906年设立的端蒙学校，海南人于1910年设立的育英学校，1910年后，广东人设立的静芳女校，福建会馆的崇福女校等。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;早在1910年，华人社会便注意到本地师资缺乏，小学毕业生人数日渐增多，需要有一所中学以便训练师资及提供学生深造机会。因此陈嘉庚、林义顺及黄仲涵等侨领打破地缘籍贯的障碍，发起设立华侨中学。1919年，华侨中学正式落成，开始授课。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-GgXcPRlDiec/TlCkeTCGQ4I/AAAAAAAACXI/h9LBHHjwzsk/s1600/First+batch.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="221" qaa="true" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-GgXcPRlDiec/TlCkeTCGQ4I/AAAAAAAACXI/h9LBHHjwzsk/s320/First+batch.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;（端蒙学堂第一届毕业生，清宣统二年，还穿着清朝服饰。1910）&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1953年，福建会馆会长陈六使倡议由福建会馆捐献云南园五百亩地段创办华文大学，并展开大规模的筹款活动。1956年南洋大学落成，为华校生提供完整的小学、中学、大学的华文教育。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;至于潮州人，移民海外的历史很早，这与潮州境内的樟林港和汕头港有密切的关系。樟林港大约形成于明末清初，是“红头船”时代粤东地区与东南亚联系的主要港口，1861 年汕头开港后逐渐取代樟林港而成为闽粤地区对外的著名海港，近代的潮州移民主要从汕头出发，移居东南亚。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1845年，以佘有进先生为首的一群来自潮州的首领为了照顾新加坡潮州移民的宗教与福利需求，包括他们的身后事，成立了义安公司。由于以前潮州的省府称为义安郡，因此公司以义安为名。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;早在宋代，王安石就认为：“天下不可一日而无政教，故学不可一日而亡于天下”。正是通过绵延不断的教育，中华文化才得以生生息息。同样，在海外华人社会，华文教育是华人保持华人认同，坚守中华文化的重要堡垒。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;随着潮州社群的扩大，1906年（清光绪三十二年），陈云秋、廖正兴、蔡子庸、杨缵文等20人发起捐资创办了“新加坡潮州公立端蒙学堂”，当时清廷两广总督刘士骥南来视学，商谈办学事宜。端蒙最初校舍是在禧街(Hill Street) 52号的一个店屋，后来搬到克拉码头一带，最后的校园是在福康宁山对面的登路(Tank Road)。1953年，义安公司接管了端蒙中学。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-wvMpN3ekjQI/TlCkuJDAARI/AAAAAAAACXU/SJgDuDE5Wu4/s1600/Tuan+Mong+school.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" qaa="true" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-wvMpN3ekjQI/TlCkuJDAARI/AAAAAAAACXU/SJgDuDE5Wu4/s1600/Tuan+Mong+school.bmp" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;（早年的端蒙学校）&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-wM9I6iNb9tM/RxyKj9fh5DI/AAAAAAAAADc/ctT4zJxoJig/s1600/tmhs.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" qaa="true" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-wM9I6iNb9tM/RxyKj9fh5DI/AAAAAAAAADc/ctT4zJxoJig/s1600/tmhs.JPG" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;（义安公司接管后的端蒙中学，1996年结束使命。c1990）&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1940 年李伟南、杨缵文、林锦成等潮领发起创办义安女校，是新加坡潮州人教育事业的里程碑。义安女校的创立显示了当时新加坡潮人已经超越了“女子无才便是德”的重男轻女的观念，而展现了男女平等的思想来培育下一代。1978年，校董拨出一笔基金在马林百列建设新校舍。1980年，学校正式改名为义安小学。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1963年，义安公司设立义安学院，隔年学院提出了扩建计划，义安公司捐出36公顷的校地。为了支持这所工院的发展，义安公司每年把收入盈余的75% 拨给义安理工学院。义安理工学院在今天已经扩展成为新加坡一间规模盛大的理工学院。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;校徽上的八颗星星代表潮州八个县（潮安、澄海、潮阳、揭阳、饶平、普宁、惠来、南澳），星上的光芒表示潮人办校的决心，像灯塔一样照亮着深蓝色的海面，为年轻一代导航。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-reSyyg4csU0/TlCkzsMcEeI/AAAAAAAACXY/LEl3xyYI-Tk/s1600/tuanmong-color.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="188" qaa="true" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-reSyyg4csU0/TlCkzsMcEeI/AAAAAAAACXY/LEl3xyYI-Tk/s320/tuanmong-color.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;（校徽：夜空中的明灯）&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1996年，义安公司在淡滨尼设立义安中学，创校90年的端蒙（学堂、学校、中学）结束使命。&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/15158444-4324520664931240085?l=navalants.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://navalants.blogspot.com/feeds/4324520664931240085/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=15158444&amp;postID=4324520664931240085' title='4 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/15158444/posts/default/4324520664931240085'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/15158444/posts/default/4324520664931240085'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://navalants.blogspot.com/2011/12/i-attended-teo-chew-school.html' title='潮州学堂 I attended Teo Chew School'/><author><name>.......</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06584661018093389655</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-dSduiCa4n1Q/TlCki2kCmxI/AAAAAAAACXM/_J3zrNm3Y00/s72-c/School+ethic.PNG' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>4</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-15158444.post-143446356047341341</id><published>2011-11-25T12:39:00.040+08:00</published><updated>2011-11-26T16:22:12.889+08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='once upon a time'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='happiness'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='education'/><title type='text'>月亮代表我的心</title><content type='html'>2011年7月21日是NMS华文义务导览员和其他导览义工济济一堂的日子。文化义工不像传统的义务工作，文化工作看不到成绩，只能相信潜移默化，十年树木，百年树人，明天会更好。就像7月10日走铁路时与当了一辈子老师的志腾彼此分享个中情趣，我们坚持的是一个信念，今天播种，他日收成，相信有一天我们会进入一个优雅有文化修养的社会。到时我们也不枉匆匆人世行，可以含笑回首，我们也曾经回馈过、贡献过。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-ityhhP6VjCE/Tj_FXy-K5yI/AAAAAAAACVg/kXqgD2amg9U/s1600/285330_10150238043258230_644428229_7379988_279370_n.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="238" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-ityhhP6VjCE/Tj_FXy-K5yI/AAAAAAAACVg/kXqgD2amg9U/s320/285330_10150238043258230_644428229_7379988_279370_n.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;(Volunteer Appreciation Night brought the culture volunteers together. 2011)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;接受穿着传统和服的日本朋友邀请，一起跳舞拍照。虽然女性天生柔和的肢体舞步到了我们手中，变成了舞狮舞龙打拳耍猴，破坏了舞蹈应有的优美的体态，但重要的还是开心，日文组朋友不介意，我们也乐在其中，敞开心房，享受一段短暂的文化交融。日文组朋友使用的是单一语言，没有面对失去传统语言的困境，温馨地交头接耳，讲得开心也笑得开心。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-corGzx3gJ_I/Tj_FXoH1KrI/AAAAAAAACVc/-p8umGPSaWA/s1600/281531_10150238043993230_644428229_7379998_403254_n.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="238" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-corGzx3gJ_I/Tj_FXoH1KrI/AAAAAAAACVc/-p8umGPSaWA/s320/281531_10150238043993230_644428229_7379998_403254_n.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;(Japanese friends and some mandarin docents. 2011)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;当华文组和英文组的导览员在没有音乐伴奏，清唱一曲“月亮代表我的心”，送别博物馆的同事Serene的时候，发觉我们的日文同事也在打着拍子唱着日文版，不禁油然想起另一位往生已16载的邓丽君。邓丽君唱红了“月亮代表我的心”，让我们华英语义工找到一个共同的平台。当年邓丽君勇敢的到日本奋斗，在日本大红大紫，深受日本群众所喜爱。“月亮代表我的心”的日语版改编成“永远的月亮”（永远の月 ），夏川里美Natsukawa Rimi演绎。当我们深情唱着这首歌时，轻易引起日本朋友的共鸣，归功究底，是邓丽君走出去就有路的勇气所换回来的成果。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://navalants2.blogspot.com/2011/11/1980-38-1973-74.html"&gt;http://navalants2.blogspot.com/2011/11/1980-38-1973-74.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-M57RmHd51oU/Tj_FZD0a_oI/AAAAAAAACVo/-sXwPSFUVmE/s1600/VAD11-135.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="213" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-M57RmHd51oU/Tj_FZD0a_oI/AAAAAAAACVo/-sXwPSFUVmE/s320/VAD11-135.JPG" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;(月亮代表我的心 to send off our&amp;nbsp;museum friend. 2011)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;当晚的方言歌谣节目，掀起了小小的高潮。纯正的潮州话是当年在端蒙念小学时耳熟能详的，至于马来福建掺杂的语言也陪伴过我的童年，当时还误以为马来文词汇少，以福建话来补足的。其实不然，那是早年中国移民来到新加坡，跟马来社群打交道，互相沟通时逐渐演变出来的地方语言，久而久之成为巴刹马来话。广东民谣月光光则是唐山越洋而来的“过番客”，想找本地创作的广东民谣，就是找不上手。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;谈起方言这话题，又是另一个一辈子的痛。1980年讲华语运动，大众传媒的方言节目都被打压，一刹间老人家突然失去了他们一辈子的娱乐，患得患失。自此以后老一辈终老的终老，要不也顺应时势，学习华语，与年轻的一代沟通，能讲方言的新加坡人日少。我们生活在讲华语运动的年代，亲身见证各群体优美生活化的地方语言的流逝，不免多添几分感慨。官话说语言要统一，要向前看，官话归官话，心底十分不好受，在向前看的过程中大树连根拔起，官腔考量硬邦邦，缺乏了对过去对现在的包容，在“大家讲华语”的口号下缺乏由心出发的感动。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/--E7HPCyQUrE/Tj_G1YMzIVI/AAAAAAAACVw/RX4MFgiYFTs/s1600/Where+the+early+chinese+came+from.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="240" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/--E7HPCyQUrE/Tj_G1YMzIVI/AAAAAAAACVw/RX4MFgiYFTs/s320/Where+the+early+chinese+came+from.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;纵然传神的方言歌谣听出耳油，但我们都很清楚，本土化的方言早已走上不归路。暂且不说淘汰方言的是非对错，30年来，年年风雨不改，有个讲华语运动的常年开幕礼，开幕礼所使用的是什么语言呢？先卖个关子，讲个发生在森林里的故事。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;森林里住着一群火鸡，由于身体笨重，只能跑不能飞，火鸡家族逃不过被其他猛兽捕抓，成为列强的美食的厄运，家族日益缩小。在森林里举行的火鸡常年大会上，大家提出困扰了多年的问题，讨论应该如何增强自卫能力。经过半天的讨论，达到了跟往常一样的答案--想飞。只有学会飞，才能在第一时间摆脱猛兽的纠缠，逃之夭夭。于是那头会飞的火鸡给大家示范，并详细讲解飞的秘诀，大家即兴学飞，有些倒还飞得起。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;散会时间到了，火鸡们都高高兴兴地走回家去。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;知道为什么火鸡家族一年比一年难过了吗？&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;知道讲华语运动的常年开幕礼上所使用的语言了吗？&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; line-height: 19px;"&gt;2010年前教育部长黄永宏提出极富争议性的降低母语比重的教育政策，这&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; line-height: 19px;"&gt;导火线&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; line-height: 19px;"&gt;重新呼唤起维护华文华语的有心人士齐聚芳林公园的激情。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; line-height: 19px;"&gt;5月9日傍晚，&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; line-height: 19px;"&gt;冷冷清清的芳林公园充满激情，2500个到场的人士都签下名字，以和平文明的方式为母语请命，当时我还在场上遇见郭振羽教授等人&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; line-height: 19px;"&gt;。说穿了黄永宏提出的所谓新语文比重政策其实并不新颖，只是尝试把新加坡的教育模式合理化罢了，所勾引起的大波大浪倒是不晓得拔根之痛的英文精英永远无法理解的。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; line-height: 19px;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://navalants.blogspot.com/2010/05/blog-post.html"&gt;http://navalants.blogspot.com/2010/05/blog-post.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19px;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;三十年来提高华文水平的口号与打击华文水平的行动并存，水平日降是事实。经济挂帅，典型的新加坡官场风情画。&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/15158444-143446356047341341?l=navalants.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://navalants.blogspot.com/feeds/143446356047341341/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=15158444&amp;postID=143446356047341341' title='3 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/15158444/posts/default/143446356047341341'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/15158444/posts/default/143446356047341341'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://navalants.blogspot.com/2011/11/blog-post_25.html' title='月亮代表我的心'/><author><name>.......</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06584661018093389655</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-ityhhP6VjCE/Tj_FXy-K5yI/AAAAAAAACVg/kXqgD2amg9U/s72-c/285330_10150238043258230_644428229_7379988_279370_n.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>3</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-15158444.post-3183516514601913689</id><published>2011-11-18T12:18:00.082+08:00</published><updated>2011-11-23T09:52:09.631+08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='once upon a time'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='secret society'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='travels'/><title type='text'>红花绿叶 -- 红帮青帮是不是黑帮？</title><content type='html'>近日来在台湾跑动，也尝试多了解当地生活。七月十一日下午飞抵桃园，乘坐高铁一个半小时左右便抵达高雄左营，比当年乘内陆飞机加上转车登机等时间还要短，感觉真好。晚饭时间到附近的牛肉面店点了台啤、鳕鱼、香酥鸭和小菜，店主祖籍山东青岛的鹏哥也坐下来闲聊，两个多小时眨眼便过。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;鹏哥先和我的台湾朋友，算是当地的地头蛇一绿一蓝各自发表政见，听我说是新加坡客，说他应柔佛州同盟会邀请，将在八月底到新山一游。同盟会在台湾是一个合法组织，可是在柔佛州还有个同盟会，这倒使我开了眼界。话说回来，同盟会是为了支持孙中山搞革命的，新柔一线，柔佛有个同盟会确实不足以为奇。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;说起地下组织，新山由当年港主陈开顺领军开发，是个深具活力的华人社区，由早期洪门会衍发出来的义兴公司享有独特的地位，“三八二十一”（洪）是经典的认证。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1864年颁布的港主法令，清楚指出“港主不得另创私会党，除义兴党外。”对柔佛来说，4000名义兴党徒来到柔佛，标志着柔佛土邦与华人私会党之间間长久联系的开端。后来，义兴公司受柔佛政府承认为唯一合法的华人私会党，1890年英国政府欲采取取缔行动，柔佛苏丹Abu Bakar力挺义兴，告诉英国总督金文泰，义兴公司是由政府直接管制以及受他本人保护，它对华人是有利的，且维持社会的安定，不能动。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-yGgC2Luv_FI/TXHKYqyhr8I/AAAAAAAACEQ/MxVPewTaEkw/s1600/Ghee+Heng-fortune.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="307" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-yGgC2Luv_FI/TXHKYqyhr8I/AAAAAAAACEQ/MxVPewTaEkw/s320/Ghee+Heng-fortune.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;（柔佛义兴公司的钱币）&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;不過，Abu Bakar只能暂时缓解义兴公司的命运，1895年苏丹依布拉欣继承父位，接受英国认为私会党目无法纪的看法，同意解散义兴公司。1916年义兴公司和平解散。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style="color: purple;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://navalants.blogspot.com/2011/04/1-of-7.html"&gt;http://navalants.blogspot.com/2011/04/1-of-7.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://navalants.blogspot.com/2011/05/2-of-7.html"&gt;http://navalants.blogspot.com/2011/05/2-of-7.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://navalants.blogspot.com/2011/06/6-of-7.html"&gt;http://navalants.blogspot.com/2011/06/6-of-7.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;至于台湾，确实是色彩满地，撇开国民党民进党蓝蓝绿绿不说，台湾黑社会还有“红花绿叶白莲藕”，指的是洪门、青帮、白莲教。这些地下帮会出现于清代末期，不过流传下来，主要是青帮和红帮。1895年日本占领台湾后，曾对这些组织进行过整肃，大多数帮会被解散，少数留下来为日本特务用来对付台湾人民。进入1950年代，台湾各黑帮争相扩充地盘，势力逐渐强大。1960年代中期以后，随着台湾经济情况好转，社会逐渐对外开放，文化娱乐业普遍兴起，黑社会组织进一步扩展。到了1970年代，黑社会已制造严重的社会问题。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-aA6Cn2VINEM/TjVmgyAN2cI/AAAAAAAACVM/tYCn_bstYFY/s1600/20110713475.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="240" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-aA6Cn2VINEM/TjVmgyAN2cI/AAAAAAAACVM/tYCn_bstYFY/s320/20110713475.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;（台湾西门町，繁华背后大小黑帮遍布各地。2011）&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;据粗略估计，遍布台湾各地的大小黑帮约有千多个，仅台北就有一百多，高雄也有近百个，最有名的有台北的竹联帮（竹林联盟）、四海帮、牛埔帮；台中的大湖帮、十三兄弟帮、高雄的七贤帮、西北帮、十二煞星帮，桃园的铁鹰帮等等。这些帮派组织有的属于社会型，以特定地区或固定地点为地盘，凝聚力较强，不易被外来力量攻破；有是则是社团型，或以其职业特点相结合，或以共同兴趣为结帮纽带，活动范围不受地域限制，组织不稳定，流动性大，破坏性也强。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;青帮（正式称清帮）是中国历史悠久的帮会，雍正四年间翁岩、钱坚及潘清三人所创，以运米粮为业，称为粮船帮，最初分布于北直(今北京密云一带)、山东等地，后来沿运河发展到江苏、浙江、江西等地区。大江南北的入帮者很多，成为影响深远的民间秘密组织之一。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;至于红帮，它是中国清代和中华民国时期民间秘密组织之一，又称洪帮、洪门，原是天地会对内名称。据说是取自明太祖朱元璋洪武年号的洪字，反清复明；亦有另一说法，是漢字失去中土而成洪字。天地会歌词中有“滴血盟心本姓洪”这句话，入会者均称洪门或洪家兄弟。红帮长期在珠江、长江流域秘密活动，并在海外华侨中建立致公堂等组织，后成为天地会的代称。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-cSABfZ6V-R4/TXHKoofsWXI/AAAAAAAACEY/rBNWh-BlYRY/s1600/johore.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="320" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-cSABfZ6V-R4/TXHKoofsWXI/AAAAAAAACEY/rBNWh-BlYRY/s320/johore.jpg" width="212" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;（三八二十一是洪门的代表）&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;青帮实行禅宗制度，与洪门中互称兄弟不同，青帮是通过拜师入帮，会众以师徒相称，崇尚“师徒如父子”。所谓“清帮一条线，洪门一大片”，青帮组织比洪门更严密，规矩更复杂，也更加秘密。青帮不像洪门强调反清复明，但多少也认同“替天行道” 的思想。由于青帮并没有积极从事反清活动，所以洪门曾经将青帮人马当作叛徒，严禁洪门会员转投青帮，“由清转洪，披红挂彩；由洪转清，剥皮抽筋。”。但为了避免冲突，两派仍多称“清洪一家”，尤其到了清代后期，不少青帮弟子也开始反清，两派才逐渐减少敌对。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;既然青帮是一代传一代，师带徒弟，青帮人员彼此并不认识，那么青帮如何互相联系？这个过程就像武侠片中所见，有一套特殊的手势和暗号。若青帮成员想得到帮中同仁协助，会找个酒楼茶馆，再打个暗号。青帮以船立帮，在茶馆中的暗号是将茶杯的盖子反放在杯子上，这叫“船行海上”；如果在酒馆，则将筷子横放在酒杯上面，相同含义。青帮成员不管认识与否，都会过来握手联系。青帮人的握手方法是右手大拇指伸直，食指弯曲，其余三指伸直，代表“三一九”，纪念明朝崇祯皇帝在煤山吊死的日子（崇祯十七年三月十九日）。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-3__uCr91mZM/TjVomMNL1LI/AAAAAAAACVY/_U5UUhFP-hA/s1600/%25E6%259D%259C%25E6%259C%2588%25E7%25AC%2599.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="277" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-3__uCr91mZM/TjVomMNL1LI/AAAAAAAACVY/_U5UUhFP-hA/s320/%25E6%259D%259C%25E6%259C%2588%25E7%25AC%2599.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;（旧中国上海青帮首领杜月笙，正也？邪也？）&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;近代著名的杜月笙便是旧上海青帮的大头目。蒋介石在1927年“四·一二”反革命政变中夺取政权，杜月笙在政变中起了关键的作用。当时杜月笙雇用流氓为上海总工会送锦旗，杀害总工会委员长汪寿华及多名共产党员，致使上海总工会八十万会员群龙无首，数千工人猝不及防被蒋介石杀害。但是在抗日中，他曾多年担任中国红十字会副会长，做过一些有益的慈善事业；救护工作所需的物资、车辆，许多都出于杜月笙的号召，在救助伤兵、输送物资、建立抵抗部队等作出贡献。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;一生支持国民党的&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana;"&gt;杜月笙晚年曾忿忿然说：“蒋介石拿我当夜壶，用过了就塞到床底下。”既是对蒋介石怨恨的发泄，又是失宠后凄楚处境的哀叹。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;谈开来才知道早年的台湾海军也分青红两大帮派，大多将领都是青帮成员，这是因为青帮以船起家，海军也是以船舰为本，其中人际关系的复杂性可见一般。1990年代，台湾发生参与法国Lafayette军舰采购的海军上校尹清枫命案，1993年12月10日在担任海军武获室执行长期间，被渔民发现浮尸宜兰东澳附近乌巖角约四五百米外。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;当时海军总部军法处简单判定死者为自杀，没有详细调查此案，但随着家属抗议以及媒体注意后，才进一步发掘。尹清枫的死亡过程充满谜团，加上他死亡后陆续牵连出许多台湾“政府”采购问题与弊端，台湾社会普遍相信尹清枫命案与军购案当中的庞大利益有关。据事后分析，这不仅仅是政治案件、经济与官员的贪污，还涉及到更多的青帮与红帮组织成员之间的争权夺利，所以到现在也查不出什么头绪来，成为台湾1990年代以来最大的悬案。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;话说回来，不知为不知，知道一点皮毛之后才发觉走入台湾社会，参与这类“商业”活动，其实也是走在生命线上，一不小心就会陷入颜色纷争，防人之心不可无。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;这顿晚餐消费新币50余元，鹏哥转送我们四盒阿里山高山名茶，价格新币百余元，可见台湾人好客的一般。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-VJxD6uLjJDk/TjVmkqXCBCI/AAAAAAAACVQ/wLdIfs7hb-4/s1600/IMG_3371.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="320" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-VJxD6uLjJDk/TjVmkqXCBCI/AAAAAAAACVQ/wLdIfs7hb-4/s320/IMG_3371.JPG" width="295" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;（鹏哥以高山茶结友，是典型台湾人好客的象征。2011）&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/15158444-3183516514601913689?l=navalants.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://navalants.blogspot.com/feeds/3183516514601913689/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=15158444&amp;postID=3183516514601913689' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/15158444/posts/default/3183516514601913689'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/15158444/posts/default/3183516514601913689'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://navalants.blogspot.com/2011/11/blog-post_18.html' title='红花绿叶 -- 红帮青帮是不是黑帮？'/><author><name>.......</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06584661018093389655</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-yGgC2Luv_FI/TXHKYqyhr8I/AAAAAAAACEQ/MxVPewTaEkw/s72-c/Ghee+Heng-fortune.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-15158444.post-2851926559535723640</id><published>2011-11-11T12:20:00.078+08:00</published><updated>2011-11-11T12:20:00.039+08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='once upon a time'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='humanities'/><title type='text'>华文报</title><content type='html'>马来亚是公认的全球中文报业的发源地，第一份中文报纸《察世俗每月统纪传》于1815 年在马六甲创刊。不过，第一份中文日报却是新加坡富商薛有礼于1881创办的《叻报》。按照传统的说法，百年来新加坡华社有三大支柱：社团、华校与华文报。陈嘉庚的南洋商报和胡文虎的星洲日报是当年的两大华文报。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-cEKxK173bwo/Ti5xyp7202I/AAAAAAAACUY/HKgvb6i6KlM/s1600/%25E5%25AF%259F%25E4%25B8%2596%25E4%25BF%2597%25E6%25AF%258F%25E6%259C%2588%25E7%25BB%259F%25E7%25BA%25AA%25E4%25BC%25A0.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="265" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-cEKxK173bwo/Ti5xyp7202I/AAAAAAAACUY/HKgvb6i6KlM/s320/%25E5%25AF%259F%25E4%25B8%2596%25E4%25BF%2597%25E6%25AF%258F%25E6%259C%2588%25E7%25BB%259F%25E7%25BA%25AA%25E4%25BC%25A0.jpg" t$="true" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;（1815年在马六甲创刊的察世俗每月统纪传）&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ArGeCYeeluw/Ti5x3yursXI/AAAAAAAACUc/WjEGB9iw6Hc/s1600/le+bao.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="308" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ArGeCYeeluw/Ti5x3yursXI/AAAAAAAACUc/WjEGB9iw6Hc/s320/le+bao.jpg" t$="true" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;（1881年新加坡第一份中文报《叻报》）&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;南洋商报于1923年9月6日在新加坡创刊。初期陈嘉庚办报的目的是要通过舆论“拥护南京政府”（蒋介石为首），但取名商报是要通过更多商务与经济的评述，教育读者，从而拓展华人在当地的经济活动。1937年卢沟桥事件后，《南洋商报》成了抗日的文化阵地。1940年中国著名报人胡愈之前来主持笔政。根据后来揭开的史料，胡愈之由周恩来派来新加坡，成为《南洋商报》的编辑主任。胡愈之提出了一个鲜明的立场：“团结一致，共御外侮”。在这个大前提下，“商报”是采取无党无派的立场，所谓无党无派，是要使各党各派无党派一致团结起来，为抗日救国进行抗争。所以无党无派的立场，就是团结的立场，就是统一抗战的立场。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-uImqFy6zgm0/Ti5yBgFk-uI/AAAAAAAACUo/zaux-aubSyI/s1600/Nanyang+Shang+Pao+1931.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="230" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-uImqFy6zgm0/Ti5yBgFk-uI/AAAAAAAACUo/zaux-aubSyI/s320/Nanyang+Shang+Pao+1931.jpg" t$="true" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;（1931年的南洋商报）&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-l4PMdMIzGVY/Ti5yINloxuI/AAAAAAAACUw/9iy5-7iTUcA/s1600/Sin+Chew+Jit+Pao+1950.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="225" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-l4PMdMIzGVY/Ti5yINloxuI/AAAAAAAACUw/9iy5-7iTUcA/s320/Sin+Chew+Jit+Pao+1950.jpg" t$="true" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;（1950年的星洲日报）&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-KxUOlXv2bnE/Ti5yFqYlNZI/AAAAAAAACUs/EmcGm8Kdkn8/s1600/Min+Pao+1936.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="235" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-KxUOlXv2bnE/Ti5yFqYlNZI/AAAAAAAACUs/EmcGm8Kdkn8/s320/Min+Pao+1936.jpg" t$="true" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;（1936年的民报）&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1967年3月18日，新加坡市场上多了一份中文小报--新明日报，市民称之为马票报，由香港《明报》老板查良镛（金庸）与新加坡梁介福药行创办人梁润之合股创办。称之为马票报是因为在入夜时分新鲜出炉，周末小市民买梦，4D号码印在头版，满足了一些市民的梦想。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1970年代，傍晚七时许，我已经和附近的街坊们站在福南街与谐街之间的振南街口报摊前等侯，两毛钱一份，每期转载金庸名著神雕射雕、古龙的陆小凤，武侠得不亦乐乎。李小龙暴毙、林彪坠机、周恩来与毛泽东相继病逝、四人帮瓦解、中越谅山争夺战、邓小平的“猫论”--不管黑猫白猫，只要能抓老鼠的就是好猫等，都是从新明日报得到的最新情报。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;当时与新明日报并驾齐驱有另一份小报--民报，它的副刊甚为学生所爱戴。发展到了后期，民报敌不过市场竞争，逐步冗员。我的中学同学杨照福说他集编辑记者排班打字于一身，东抄西捡，有时还帮忙印刷，断断续续出版，新闻变旧闻，最终收盘。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-XVEsg-hRz5o/Ti5x7Hd3pQI/AAAAAAAACUg/TsVfQxkicQo/s1600/Sin+Min+daily+news+1971.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="320" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-XVEsg-hRz5o/Ti5x7Hd3pQI/AAAAAAAACUg/TsVfQxkicQo/s320/Sin+Min+daily+news+1971.jpg" t$="true" width="244" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;（1971年的新明日报）&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-lOb-cYdH5sQ/Ti5x9woAN7I/AAAAAAAACUk/1gvpCSZqk5w/s1600/Min+Pao+1972.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="320" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-lOb-cYdH5sQ/Ti5x9woAN7I/AAAAAAAACUk/1gvpCSZqk5w/s320/Min+Pao+1972.jpg" t$="true" width="242" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;（1972年的民报）&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;后来我们从水仙门Hill Street搬到新世界Maude Road，那时我还在Singapore Polytechnic念书。那个年代念书与学生活动几乎是本末倒置，学生活动成为主修，念书是副修，是CCA。课余搞活动只能用傍晚过后的时间，有时还会呆到11点，学校大门都上锁了。我们也不分什么男生女生，守望相助，攀过铁闸，回到家已是午夜时分。Maude Road Block 1 住家楼下有个夜间报摊，身材略胖的老妇人总会为我留下一份夜间11点送到，印着隔天日期的南洋商报。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1970年代还是个猜疑的年代。那时搞学生活动，直觉上被许多双眼睛监视中，我们称这些监视的眼睛为内奸，并且不时揣测到底是谁把我们的会议与活动内容外传，有些学长被内安局逮捕甚至在没有公开审讯的情况下关上几年，我们之间也有喝咖啡等事。面对着这种种外在的压力，为的是什么？理想吗？其实很模糊。华校生在一个纯英语的学习环境中，英文能力追不上教学内容，与英校生站在一起似乎矮了一截，被边缘化等都自然的把华校生凑在一起，成为一个小社区。当时社会上也有许多不平事件，油槽船爆炸夺走76条人命、物价高涨、巴士车费涨价、校方不尊重学生组织等都造成许多对立的局面。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://navalants.blogspot.com/2009/07/2-of-3.html"&gt;http://navalants.blogspot.com/2009/07/2-of-3.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://navalants.blogspot.com/2011/06/fine-city.html"&gt;http://navalants.blogspot.com/2011/06/fine-city.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;对新明日报和南洋商报有一份情源于文艺副刊。新明日报的新风版和青园版是投稿的天堂，南洋商报也有个类似的青年园地，一千字八元的稿费已经足以让我维持简朴的学生生活，印象中数年后稿费涨至一千字十余元，减轻许多生活负担。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;独立初期，南洋商报曾经面对过黑色厄运。1971年新加坡政府向南洋商报展开“黑色行动” （Black Operation），内安局于1971年5月2日凌晨，逮捕了南洋商报的总经理李茂生（李茂生家族掌管着泛马来西亚日报pan-Malaysian daily）、总编辑仝道章和资深主笔李星可，隔天公众关系经理郭隆生也被捕。当时的新加坡总理李光耀谴责南洋商报立场亲共，报道中国共产党的消息时往往报喜不报忧，挑起种族仇恨，渲染华语教育问题，损害新加坡利益。后来才发现李茂生根本不懂中文。有关南洋商报对新加坡的安全构成威胁的指责，社长李有成举行记者招待会，否认政府的各项指责，显示南洋商报要与政府据理力争，结果，李有成本人也于1973 年1月28日在内部安全法令下被拘留。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;新加坡政府在1971年5月3日的《海峡时报》上发表了一则声明：&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue;"&gt;“南洋商报对灌输共产主义制度赞美有加，而对其缺陷避而不提。在报道国内新闻时，着重报道负面新闻。虽然仝道章和李星可是支持国民党反对共产主义，但在新加坡处在这个紧要的历史时刻，刻意美化共产主义制度，其用心是险恶的。”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue;"&gt;“研究过去6个月以来的新加坡和马来西亚版报纸，发现南洋商报在攻击新加坡方面的政策是处心积虑的。马来西亚版没有渲染共产党的成就，也没有激发公众在华语和华文教育方面的反抗情绪。”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue;"&gt;“相反，在马来西亚版还报道了政府支持教育的政策，而在新加坡版，不仅报道共产党的成就，在报道华语和华文教育时，营造出一种华语和华文教育在夹缝中求生存的印象”。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue;"&gt;“在新加坡版被挑起的对华语和华文教育的恐惧却没有出现在马来西亚版。这些宣传的转变在1970年的第四季度就开始了。几个月前，美国乒乓球队在1971年4月访问中国时这种报道更加明显。在报道充斥着亲共的声音，更指责新加坡在冲破150多年的殖民枷锁后仍然没有真正的独立。”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue;"&gt;“试图通过乒乓球比赛挑起华人对中国的种族感情。同时，还提起了在1957年-1959年间新加坡发生的种族动乱，再次激起民众的紧张情绪。”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue;"&gt;“4月28日，在中美乒乓球运动会期间南洋商报的这种煽动达到了高潮。那天商报发表的社论藉口批评政府来公开煽动整个社会对政府的仇恨，过去的几个星期报纸将政府描绘成打压和压迫华文教育和华语发展，在那天则进一步指责政府是数典忘祖的“假洋人”。在新加坡的暴乱期间，这是马来沙文主义反对多种族同胞时曾经用过的口号”。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue;"&gt;“南洋商报的决策者，似乎急于在新加坡制造麻烦。虽然其总经理李茂生不懂中文，只是雇用了两个以前具有反共背景的记者，写亲共文章，引发华人对华语和华族文化的感情，如果不加以制止，就会引起更多人仿效。虽然李茂生于今年2月将南洋商报交于他的弟弟李铕生管理，但他仍然与仝道章有密切联系。他们的这种行为用政治术语来说叫‘黑色行动’”。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue;"&gt;“他们打着捍卫华语和华文教育的口号，却在激发种族、语言和文化方面的冲突，政府已经对他们这些人采取行动。”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue;"&gt;“李茂生这样大胆，是因为他的家族财富赋予他豁免权。他们妄想打着华语和华族文化的牌子，政府就不会对他们采取行动。新加坡政府必须而且会继续制止他们实施对新加坡不利的行为，政府不会畏惧财富、职业、社会或政治地位，甚至是为他们提供保护的境外强大势力。”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;接下来的十年间，华文报业的演变如江河直落三千丈，新加坡政府在1974 年修订《报纸与印刷机法令》，规定所有报业公司必须改组为公众公司。当时的文化部长易润堂向国会提呈《报刊与印刷馆法案》，法案规定报社重组股权结构，彻底免除老板直接掌控报社的权力。根据易润堂的说法，这么做的目的是要“避免报刊落入外国人手中”。1974年所作的五项重大修订：&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1.&amp;nbsp;本地报社发出两种股权：管理股和普通股，管理股的投票权比重较高。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2.&amp;nbsp;管理股所有权必须得到国家批准。倘若报社无法提名持有管理股的人选，国家有权加以委任。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;3.&amp;nbsp;本地报社的董事必须是新加坡公民，非公民未经国家允许不能持有管理股。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;4.&amp;nbsp;外国资金来源必须公开，未经国家批准，本地报社或新闻从业员不可收受外国资金。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;5. 国家必须对外资纯粹仅作商业用途感到满意。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-pXxH9XCQIS0/TjVcZ30UC2I/AAAAAAAACVE/l7nFboa4mWQ/s1600/IMG_3369.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="240" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-pXxH9XCQIS0/TjVcZ30UC2I/AAAAAAAACVE/l7nFboa4mWQ/s320/IMG_3369.JPG" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-NYwL-wF_4cg/TjVcbOd9M4I/AAAAAAAACVI/NJsm9GTk7wc/s1600/IMG_3370.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="242" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-NYwL-wF_4cg/TjVcbOd9M4I/AAAAAAAACVI/NJsm9GTk7wc/s320/IMG_3370.JPG" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;（南洋商报和星洲日报合并后的联合早报和联合晚报）&lt;/div&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;br /&gt;1975年新马南洋商报正式分家，1983年3月16日，南洋商报和星洲日报合并成为《联合早报》和《联合晚报》，新加坡中文报业从家族企业蜕变成上市公司，由新加坡报业控股 （Singapore Press Holdings）垄断，成为媒体业的霸主。&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/15158444-2851926559535723640?l=navalants.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://navalants.blogspot.com/feeds/2851926559535723640/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=15158444&amp;postID=2851926559535723640' title='3 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/15158444/posts/default/2851926559535723640'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/15158444/posts/default/2851926559535723640'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://navalants.blogspot.com/2011/11/blog-post.html' title='华文报'/><author><name>.......</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06584661018093389655</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-cEKxK173bwo/Ti5xyp7202I/AAAAAAAACUY/HKgvb6i6KlM/s72-c/%25E5%25AF%259F%25E4%25B8%2596%25E4%25BF%2597%25E6%25AF%258F%25E6%259C%2588%25E7%25BB%259F%25E7%25BA%25AA%25E4%25BC%25A0.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>3</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-15158444.post-6507574245361189191</id><published>2011-11-04T12:46:00.029+08:00</published><updated>2011-11-04T12:46:00.272+08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='once upon a time'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='travels'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='humanities'/><title type='text'>北回归线 Tropic of Cancer</title><content type='html'>人生其实有许多转折点，只是更多时候我们都在忙碌的脚步中匆匆掠过，不是没觉察到便是走过便忘，以为不留痕迹。匆匆走完一段人生路后，就会有“回归”的念头，回到从前生活过的地方，回到某一个原点，重新出发。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;印象中第一次吸收北回归线（Tropic of Cancer）这个名词是初中时所学到的一丁点地理知识，回归线不过是一条地理标志线，看不到也摸不着。位于北半球称北回归线，位于南半球称南回归线。热带与温带以回归线为分界，靠近赤道的一方称为热带，反方向则为温带。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-SB5zib7lZF0/TiGmln-PsaI/AAAAAAAACT8/RM-8FMUsG1I/s1600/%25E5%258C%2597%25E5%259B%259E%25E5%25BD%2592%25E7%25BA%25BF.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="221" m$="true" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-SB5zib7lZF0/TiGmln-PsaI/AAAAAAAACT8/RM-8FMUsG1I/s320/%25E5%258C%2597%25E5%259B%259E%25E5%25BD%2592%25E7%25BA%25BF.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;后来工作时常与来自欧洲的伙伴交往，他们说在他们的国家，太阳总是低低的斜射，不在头顶上，新加坡则常年烈日当空，是个“地理震撼”。听他们这么一说，仔细考量，算是经一事，长一智。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;北回归线是太阳直射北半球，离赤道最远的位置，大约在北纬23.5度。每年夏至，太阳直射在北纬23.5度，此时正是北半球的盛夏，一年中最长的白昼。这个机遇一年只是匆匆一次，此后太阳直射点逐渐南移，在北纬23.5度和南纬23.5度的两个纬度圈之间周而复始地循环移动。因此，这两个纬度圈分别称为北回归线與南回归线。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;北回归线在地球表面上的总长度，大约是37000公里，经过摩洛哥，撒哈拉沙漠，突尼斯，阿尔及利亚，利比亚，以色列，约旦，埃及，沙特阿拉伯，阿拉伯联合酋长国，阿曼，伊拉克，伊朗，阿富汗，巴基斯坦，印度，孟加拉，缅甸，中国，台湾，墨西哥，美国。欧洲国家在北纬23.5度以外，自然无法享受烈日当空下的赤道风情。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2007年，沿着台湾东部的海景公路，依山傍水，一路逶迤向北。从台东经花莲到宜兰的海岸线，特别漂亮。花莲地处海岸山脉与太平洋之间，依山傍海，乡内居民以原住民为主，农业渔业乃传统作业，近年来则大力发展观光业。花莲县的北回归线标志，就在丰滨乡的滨海公路旁，圆柱形灯塔般一柱擎天，正好俯瞰东面一望无际的太平洋。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-eCdH0c69aRo/TiGm-26WHgI/AAAAAAAACUA/9Hyk9AOa1lo/s1600/IMG_0312.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="199" m$="true" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-eCdH0c69aRo/TiGm-26WHgI/AAAAAAAACUA/9Hyk9AOa1lo/s320/IMG_0312.JPG" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-JL07j1mry8Y/TiGnCd6tb7I/AAAAAAAACUE/cEhefhA8kP4/s1600/IMG_0313.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="190" m$="true" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-JL07j1mry8Y/TiGnCd6tb7I/AAAAAAAACUE/cEhefhA8kP4/s320/IMG_0313.JPG" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-TVyQaMU1lJM/TiGnjHWJxpI/AAAAAAAACUM/-WWxQxSz9vg/s1600/IMG_0418.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="186" m$="true" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-TVyQaMU1lJM/TiGnjHWJxpI/AAAAAAAACUM/-WWxQxSz9vg/s320/IMG_0418.JPG" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-q0A9bdbjrig/TiGn4cq-DsI/AAAAAAAACUQ/G94tUZY_bfk/s1600/IMG_0439.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="215" m$="true" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-q0A9bdbjrig/TiGn4cq-DsI/AAAAAAAACUQ/G94tUZY_bfk/s320/IMG_0439.JPG" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;（台湾东部海景公路。2007）&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;该谢谢有心人，把北回归线这么抽象的无形的地理轨迹化为坐标，坐标见得着也摸得着，无需过于绞尽脑汁，可以想象到把全世界的北回归线坐标串联起来，便是地理学上的北回归线了。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-pqBQYaJnkIM/TiGnVa_0ttI/AAAAAAAACUI/OZi6YvY3bmc/s1600/IMG_0348.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="320" m$="true" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-pqBQYaJnkIM/TiGnVa_0ttI/AAAAAAAACUI/OZi6YvY3bmc/s320/IMG_0348.JPG" width="240" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;（北回归线，2007）&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;北回归线是太阳的转折点，也是人生的转折点。我们生为人，说穿了是身为一个人，其实只是半边人，一辈子寻寻觅觅，为的正是找回失去的另一个半边，两个半边人整合在一起，才达到生命的圆满。我们来回于南北回归线，穿过这条线，才能够跨入另一个生命地带。在这条线上，太阳直射着半边人，另半边人则感受着太阳的余温。是否敢于直面这个转折点，进入未知的旅程？看个人的造化了。&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/15158444-6507574245361189191?l=navalants.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://navalants.blogspot.com/feeds/6507574245361189191/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=15158444&amp;postID=6507574245361189191' title='4 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/15158444/posts/default/6507574245361189191'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/15158444/posts/default/6507574245361189191'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://navalants.blogspot.com/2011/11/tropic-of-cancer.html' title='北回归线 Tropic of Cancer'/><author><name>.......</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06584661018093389655</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-SB5zib7lZF0/TiGmln-PsaI/AAAAAAAACT8/RM-8FMUsG1I/s72-c/%25E5%258C%2597%25E5%259B%259E%25E5%25BD%2592%25E7%25BA%25BF.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>4</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-15158444.post-6252462565548082124</id><published>2011-10-28T12:37:00.021+08:00</published><updated>2011-10-28T12:37:00.038+08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='once upon a time'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='humanities'/><title type='text'>转折点 Turning point</title><content type='html'>人生其实有许多转折点，只是更多时候我们都在忙碌的脚步中匆匆掠过，不是没觉察到便是走过便忘，以为不留痕迹。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;那年在英国居住，ITV星期天晚上有一个类似今天的达人秀（Talent show）的电视节目，不过对参加者而言属于非盈利性质，只是上台圆一个梦想。其中一位年轻的威尔士女子，演绎一首威尔士民歌，虽然一句都听不懂，天籁之音依然使我油然升起到威尔士一游的念头。事不宜迟，接下来的周末便从伦敦驱车往威尔士去了。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-5tTIVceIUcw/TiFPbpwO7HI/AAAAAAAACTg/J92iT8Ced-s/s1600/Wales+farm+land.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="215" m$="true" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-5tTIVceIUcw/TiFPbpwO7HI/AAAAAAAACTg/J92iT8Ced-s/s320/Wales+farm+land.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-nND6nLD9C-o/TiFPeC7qrZI/AAAAAAAACTk/PTFePJszSqA/s1600/Wales+river.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="320" m$="true" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-nND6nLD9C-o/TiFPeC7qrZI/AAAAAAAACTk/PTFePJszSqA/s320/Wales+river.jpg" width="208" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-fM-Th6jBTTY/TiFPYPma0NI/AAAAAAAACTc/dTqLUoQc72o/s1600/Wales+farm.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="209" m$="true" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-fM-Th6jBTTY/TiFPYPma0NI/AAAAAAAACTc/dTqLUoQc72o/s320/Wales+farm.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;(Near the Wales border. 1999)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;衔接英格兰（England）与威尔士（Wales）的道路上有一座小桥，站在桥的中央，双脚踏两地，等于横跨国界，一脚踩在英格兰，一脚踏进威尔士，两地之隔原来只不过是一线之差。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;去威尔士一趟后，才明白为什么当时的英国王储查尔斯太子被封为Prince of Wales，而戴安娜则为Princess of Wales。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-498XBdoxbGc/TiFPgRb5I4I/AAAAAAAACTo/ndVrKQX0jzs/s1600/Wales+border.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="216" m$="true" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-498XBdoxbGc/TiFPgRb5I4I/AAAAAAAACTo/ndVrKQX0jzs/s320/Wales+border.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;(Standing between England and Wales. 1999)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;英格兰和威尔士在古罗马时期被合并管治，成为罗马帝国的一个省份。过后威尔士在1284年被英格兰并吞。爱德华一世以七年征服了威尔士（1277年—1284年），他按照威尔士人的要求，以“一位在威尔士出生、不会讲英语、生下来第一句话说威尔士语的亲王”作为他们的领袖。爱德华一世将其即将分娩的王后接到威尔士，王子出生后即被封为威尔士亲王，以表示对威尔士的重视，强化威尔士人的认同感。从此以后这七百余年，英皇室依约将皇储封为威尔士王子，皇子妃封为威尔士王妃，成为皇室继承法规之一。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-4eAchrntxUk/TiFPkKiA_hI/AAAAAAAACTs/jP4PIJzvzQ8/s1600/Wales+cow.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="320" m$="true" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-4eAchrntxUk/TiFPkKiA_hI/AAAAAAAACTs/jP4PIJzvzQ8/s320/Wales+cow.jpg" width="209" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Ee5zQ3c8htA/TiFPmX8lh-I/AAAAAAAACTw/mleESGrwHoE/s1600/Wales+wall.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="320" m$="true" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Ee5zQ3c8htA/TiFPmX8lh-I/AAAAAAAACTw/mleESGrwHoE/s320/Wales+wall.jpg" width="221" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-lZZim4WZnDE/TiFPogA0lGI/AAAAAAAACT0/oLnpy9uV84U/s1600/Wales+war+remains.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="209" m$="true" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-lZZim4WZnDE/TiFPogA0lGI/AAAAAAAACT0/oLnpy9uV84U/s320/Wales+war+remains.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;(威尔士境内战争遗留的残垣断瓦，1999)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;回头想想，1923年建立起来衔接新马的长堤，桥的两岸只不过1.6公里，短短的距离却仿佛像一条长长的路，进出新马有人龙也有车龙，什么时候我们可以回到从前，在长堤上散步吹海风，或许在0.8公里处设立一个记载过去的历史性的地标，一边是新、一边是马，一双脚分踏两地，就像通往威尔士之路。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1963年9月16日，新马合并，统称马来西亚。不过合并是一个难以理解的词汇，为甚么新马合并称为“合并”而不是“统一”，就好像后来的东德和西德，统一为德国？历史上新马本来就是一家，血浓于水，在这关键时刻，却通过“合并”把两地人民过去的血缘抹杀了?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1965年8月9日，新马分家，自此以后，长堤成为两地的分界线。1996年，当年积极撮合新马合并的李光耀旧事重提，投石问路，试探两地政客人民对合并的愿景，李光耀的死对头马国首相马哈迪说时机尚未成熟，一笑置之。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2007年，李光耀再次提到新马合并，他以务实的态度证实了咖啡店的传言，承认许多中国学生利用新加坡政府奖学金来作为跳板，他们来新加坡接受英文教育，然后跑到美国去。至于印度学生，他们反而选择留下来，方便他们回去印度探望家人。"They come in here, they get an English education ... and they're off to America. The Indians, strangely enough, more of them stay here in Singapore because they want to go home to visit their families."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;新加坡吸引中印移民的政策能维持多久？中国，或许20、30年；印度，或许长一些，50、60年？他们的国家建设追上新加坡的水平之后，新加坡该何去何从？"We are net gainers for how long? I think in the case of China, maybe another 20, 30 years ... India, maybe longer - 50, 60 years before their infrastructure catches up. Anyway, this is not my worry anymore!"&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;的确，50、60年后的问题属于以后的问题，其中充满未知的变数，不是我们这一代人可以想象的。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;新马是两个主权国家，由于两国历史性分家时闹得很不愉快，在政治层面上，过去46年来花费了许多精力来化解彼此间的心结。至于民间，新马人民照旧往来长堤两岸，只是政治使人民的交往蒙上复杂的色彩。马哈迪时代结束后，新马政治关系逐步改善，首先是李显龙和Abdullah Badawi的团队通过文明的法律途径，解决白礁的纷争，李显龙和Najib Razak的团队理性地处理两国的历史误差，新加坡将解决自己的水供，两份水供协议到期后不再向马来西亚购水；铁路交通与土地的解决方案也取得共识，2011年7月1日起，火车不再驶入Tanjong Pagar，为新马火车百年史画上完美的句点。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://navalants.blogspot.com/2011/01/blog-post.html"&gt;http://navalants.blogspot.com/2011/01/blog-post.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-NlN3Na-8PcM/TiFP3aAxj3I/AAAAAAAACT4/bOGVFoIjmmk/s1600/10072011463.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="233" m$="true" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-NlN3Na-8PcM/TiFP3aAxj3I/AAAAAAAACT4/bOGVFoIjmmk/s320/10072011463.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;（新马轨迹。2011）&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;新领导层没有过重的历史包袱，不像李光耀马哈迪等人承负着过去新马错误的结合与互相埋怨的分家的重担，有理不清的立场见解与感情。没有了历史的担子，是不是也是一个转折点，让两国通过温和的态度手挽手，重视两地间的历史与文化渊源，走向更宏观的新马旅程？若是果真如此，李光耀担心的50年后的问题也许就不再是问题了。&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/15158444-6252462565548082124?l=navalants.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://navalants.blogspot.com/feeds/6252462565548082124/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=15158444&amp;postID=6252462565548082124' title='3 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/15158444/posts/default/6252462565548082124'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/15158444/posts/default/6252462565548082124'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://navalants.blogspot.com/2011/10/turning-point.html' title='转折点 Turning point'/><author><name>.......</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06584661018093389655</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-5tTIVceIUcw/TiFPbpwO7HI/AAAAAAAACTg/J92iT8Ced-s/s72-c/Wales+farm+land.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>3</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-15158444.post-4263132784314605743</id><published>2011-10-21T12:34:00.004+08:00</published><updated>2011-10-21T12:34:00.581+08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='once upon a time'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='happiness'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='education'/><title type='text'>天鹅的梦</title><content type='html'>小时候老师想认识我们多一些，第一节作文课离不开“我的愿望”。老师引导我们写这篇文章，愿望不外是有一份受尊重的职业，不是医师就是律师老师科学家，偶尔有同学要当会计师飞机师音乐家，想法新颖，不按模范作文出牌，得分特别高。有同学要当小贩，老师一脸不高兴，说为什么非当小贩不可，同学回应说我爷爷和爸爸都在潮州街卖鱼，我当然也要卖鱼啦！&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;念中一的时候，同学来自各所小学，老师依样葫芦，希望通过“我的愿望”来了解同学。经过过去几年懵懵懂懂中认识到“我的愿望”的游戏规则，这种不用下本钱的愿望只是把未来当作一个好玩的游戏，不可能每个人都能随心所欲，成为医生，否则谁来当司机、谁来当美发师啊？于是我摆脱了过去填上为人师表、当工程师等思考模式与憧憬，写道我是芸芸众生中的一个平凡人，我从人群中来，也往人群中去，乐意成为朝八晚五的蓝领阶级的一分子。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-EG_aD_AWrto/Tg7NJrBXw3I/AAAAAAAACTI/mw6K9_E1D_E/s1600/IMG_3129.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="240" i$="true" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-EG_aD_AWrto/Tg7NJrBXw3I/AAAAAAAACTI/mw6K9_E1D_E/s320/IMG_3129.JPG" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;（同学回应说我爷爷和爸爸都在潮州街卖鱼，我当然也要卖鱼啦！）&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;家住Old Airport Road聋哑学校附近红砖组屋，毕业自南侨女中的连素卿老师是名实习老师，两个月后便回去师范学院完成最后阶段的课程了，可是她对“我的愿望”却表现出异常的诚恳、真挚与包容。她并没有一脸不屑，也没有为职业规划出贵贱的人为界限，只要靠双手贡献社会，那就是一个有用的人。她的评语还包括了作为一名蓝领工人，还是可以继续学习，充实自己，以后为社会人群作出更大贡献。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;有缘认识连素卿老师，虽然相处日短，影响方长，确实应该好好想想我的愿望，我的梦想。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;现在回想当年，在反省的过程中，才发觉我们的儿时梦想很多时候是处于沉睡中的，睡时很清晰，醒来后却很模糊。儿时的梦想只是一种想象，并不了解其内在的含义，梦想更需要经过许多外在的因素来触发启动。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;更多时候，在成长的过程中，我们被师长、父母、同僚、社会价值观所挤压，朝向一条众人认为是唯一的明亮的主流道路，但却迷失了我们的愿望。不是吗？有多少人还记得曾经拥有过的梦想？有多少人还走在梦想的道路上？&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;一个人的成长是一生一世的，梦想背后还会有一个自我完成的实践过程，只是当人生有责任，必须对现实妥协时，实践的过程只好延误，不过最理想的结局是能容梦想的领域同时发展，把职责与兴趣的隔阂消化掉，找回失去的另一半人与事，让自身重新获得圆满。或许还能够解决中年危机对一个人的影响，与从容面对老化等。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-eOsMIQbjhlo/Tg7PNTeXGnI/AAAAAAAACTQ/I2mV3U3PJJU/s1600/IMG_0031.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="240" i$="true" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-eOsMIQbjhlo/Tg7PNTeXGnI/AAAAAAAACTQ/I2mV3U3PJJU/s320/IMG_0031.JPG" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;（人生岁月最初的梦想：因为有你同行而圆满。2004）&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;在回忆在反省的过程中，才发觉原来挥别童年的梦想其实也意味着挥别童年的思想，甚至险些铸成大错。大人与小孩之间开始出现矛盾，明明彼此间有浓浓的爱，却常常搞得彼此怒目相视，眼睁睁地看着可爱的天使在下一秒化身为恶魔。小孩是弱者，往往处于被挨打出气的一方。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;我们一方面对小孩说，不要放弃梦想，另一方面则把许多期望加诸在孩子身上，说什么一切都是为了你好。可是小孩的梦想，已经被提早到来的成人价值观所击碎，成为另一个成人世界的复制品。大人应该给小孩多一点宽容，多一点谅解。当大人的，保有童心，记得自己曾经是个小孩，并留给自己的下一代更大的梦想空间，让他们不要过早受到成人世界的污化。当父亲这么多年，逐日学习重新用孩子的眼光看世界，小小反省一下，谁没有错？回归童心的思考方式，跟孩子们一起幻想，其实也在提醒我们最初的梦想，以及小时候快乐的回忆。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;孩子认为人生短促，我们相聚的时光像烟花，照亮天空却只是一瞬间，璀璨过后转眼间消失，夜空依旧，好像什么也没发生过；对亲人则不一样，思念的心情像播种，埋在最深的心底慢慢萌芽，根扎得深，所以难以忘却。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-2LzOf53e7js/Tg7NxBl9v-I/AAAAAAAACTM/MbzhTl1ULHA/s1600/firework.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="248" i$="true" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-2LzOf53e7js/Tg7NxBl9v-I/AAAAAAAACTM/MbzhTl1ULHA/s320/firework.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;（相聚的时光像烟花，璀璨只是一瞬间）&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;是的，为什么“我的愿望”必须依照既定的程序，非得是什么家什么师？为什么我的愿望不能是给我应有的时间，让我过个正常的童年，长大后做回真正的自己？为什么我的愿望不能是飞到遥远的地方，为不幸的儿童做些是人都该做的事？为什么我的愿望不能是超越自我，给他人带来快乐和希望？为什么我的愿望不能是一家子健健康康、平平静静地生活？&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/15158444-4263132784314605743?l=navalants.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://navalants.blogspot.com/feeds/4263132784314605743/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=15158444&amp;postID=4263132784314605743' title='3 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/15158444/posts/default/4263132784314605743'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/15158444/posts/default/4263132784314605743'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://navalants.blogspot.com/2011/10/blog-post_21.html' title='天鹅的梦'/><author><name>.......</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06584661018093389655</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-EG_aD_AWrto/Tg7NJrBXw3I/AAAAAAAACTI/mw6K9_E1D_E/s72-c/IMG_3129.JPG' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>3</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-15158444.post-5206113916779614179</id><published>2011-10-14T12:19:00.002+08:00</published><updated>2011-10-14T12:19:00.420+08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='once upon a time'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='travels'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='humanities'/><title type='text'>海德公园 Hyde Park</title><content type='html'>想当年我还是一个中一生，视野离不开新加坡大坡小坡，去碧山亭扫墓感觉上是很遥远的地方，乘着上车前先将好价钱的霸王车，国昌还会晕车呕吐。沿途经过Thomson Road天主教堂，那股霸气已经足以咂舌。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;上地理课老师说起她曾留学伦敦，星期天到海德公园（Hyde Park）演说者角落（Speakers Corner），演讲者站在木箱上，没有听众都可以对着空气高谈阔论，针砭时事，不会面对诉讼，绝对言论自由。想起在社阵幼稚园等弟妹们放学的日子，年轻有爱心的老师都呆不上几个月，后来有一位男老师在街上奔跑，我们在窗口看到他仓惶的模样，大声喊了他一声，他看到我们似乎兴高采烈，也不顾二马路（Hill Street）车水马龙，匆匆越过五条车道的马路，一路跑上我们三楼住家，喝口水定下神来，给了我们一份党报，在窗口张望了好一阵子才告别，自此以后便没在学校见到他。后来从大人的交谈中，大概知道他们是属于另一类理想型青年，为了坚持信奉的理念，他们不惜牺牲自身的自由，在没有审讯的情况下被内安局扣留，短则几个月，长則如陈福寿医生等人，十余年都还没出狱。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-v4Htppz2R0w/Tg7CqWb5rwI/AAAAAAAACTA/asOaHFgbTG4/s1600/speakers+corner.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="320" i$="true" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-v4Htppz2R0w/Tg7CqWb5rwI/AAAAAAAACTA/asOaHFgbTG4/s320/speakers+corner.jpg" width="229" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;（马克思主义者，Hyde Park Speakers Corner）&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;因为有得比较，不禁为不知在地球何处的伦敦与海德公园而神往。后来才知道海德公园是英国民主的历史象征，从1855年起，市民可在此发表任何有关国计民生的话题，OB Marker是不准攻击英国王室或对任何人进行人身攻击。想象一下19世纪英国政府禁止传播马克思主义，可是人们却可以到演说者角落宣传马克思主义，马克思思想在政治前提与言论包容的矛盾中争得一席之地。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;在那个欧洲倡导民主进程的时代，新加坡则面对着一波移民潮，中国南方前来讨生活的年轻苦力、日本九州的风尘女子、随着季候风在新加坡逗留的商人水手，打造出另一番社会风情画。不过讲到民生民主，我们确实落后百年，有许多进步的空间。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;海德公园历史悠久， 1066 年以前是威斯敏斯特教堂（Westminster Abbey）的一个大庄园。16世纪上半叶， 亨利八世将这里作为狩鹿场，就像中国承德的避暑山庄之类的皇家园林。18 世纪末，这里同市区连成一片，改辟为公园。19 世纪以来， 伦敦市区扩展， 原在伦敦西郊的海德公园逐渐成为市中心区域， 成为游人喜爱的一个地方。 1851年，维多利亚女王首次在这里举办伦敦国际博览会。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-fKLX837njRY/S-GA-yG6_EI/AAAAAAAABjo/NqFz10aF9sQ/s1600/Crystal_Palace_-_Queen_Victoria_opens_the_Great_Exhibition+in+1851.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" i$="true" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-fKLX837njRY/S-GA-yG6_EI/AAAAAAAABjo/NqFz10aF9sQ/s1600/Crystal_Palace_-_Queen_Victoria_opens_the_Great_Exhibition+in+1851.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;（1851年，伦敦国际博览会）&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;或许正因为中一的时候听地理课老师说起伦敦和海德公园，以后才有到此圆梦的勇气。1993年秋天，把刚新婚没出过远门的老伴（当年还很年轻）带到万里之外的伦敦，这一趟合理化的离家出走，是整整365天的路。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;海德公园的春夏秋冬各有其神采。秋天的海德公园有棕红色的落叶，秋诗篇篇；冬天的海德公园并没有想象中的萧条，还有忙着觅食的松鼠和湖中耐寒的肥鸭子。春夏的海德公园百花齐放，闲暇漫步少了刺鼻的寒风，和煦的春风叫人陶醉，生活本来就该有此人间好时节。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-oO3C1Wd1yho/Tg6oeWqFLDI/AAAAAAAACS0/1ynXF2-eSh8/s1600/Hyde+Park-early+autumn.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="219" i$="true" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-oO3C1Wd1yho/Tg6oeWqFLDI/AAAAAAAACS0/1ynXF2-eSh8/s320/Hyde+Park-early+autumn.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-RgJfkHU4Z7U/Tg6oWJT55-I/AAAAAAAACSw/p97jHMk1LtI/s1600/Hyde+Park+pond.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="320" i$="true" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-RgJfkHU4Z7U/Tg6oWJT55-I/AAAAAAAACSw/p97jHMk1LtI/s320/Hyde+Park+pond.jpg" width="220" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-_TNQkaILZ9o/Tg6o1VwuL9I/AAAAAAAACS8/JtgAOK2HETM/s1600/Hyde+Park+besides+the+garden.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="215" i$="true" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-_TNQkaILZ9o/Tg6o1VwuL9I/AAAAAAAACS8/JtgAOK2HETM/s320/Hyde+Park+besides+the+garden.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;（海德公园内。1993，1994）&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;在伦敦生活，最难过的一刻是到海德公园附近的新加坡大使馆寻求协助。Bad experience! 当时生产力强，在伦敦从造人到生产，到带着小BB回到新加坡，全在一年内完成。的确，所谓十月怀胎，一年也嫌太长。儿子出生后在伦敦办理出生证，简单直接，只需母亲的记录，连老爸的名字都免了。倒是到新加坡大使馆申请新加坡护照，问题多多，除了那张最难以忍受的比冬天还萧瑟的铁脸，还有无情的语气说我必须回去新加坡申请护照，再飞回来把孩子带走！&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;面对这种莫名其妙十分牵强的解释，我一方面丈二金刚摸不着脑，另一方面不满那种“你有求于我”的态度，到最后使用强硬的语气，说我是新加坡人，来新加坡大使馆申请护照是因为我已经付了该付的所得税来供养你们在伦敦写意的生活，你们当我是阿蒙吗？&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-B3_UZe-_omQ/Tg6g52NQPwI/AAAAAAAACSs/Rcg172TVqqs/s1600/Hyde+Park+autumn.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="216" i$="true" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-B3_UZe-_omQ/Tg6g52NQPwI/AAAAAAAACSs/Rcg172TVqqs/s320/Hyde+Park+autumn.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-VZSqfKb0uv8/Tg6or2qHmxI/AAAAAAAACS4/Uj8ODZlOtYs/s1600/Hyde+Park+swing.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="215" i$="true" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-VZSqfKb0uv8/Tg6or2qHmxI/AAAAAAAACS4/Uj8ODZlOtYs/s320/Hyde+Park+swing.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;（我的孩子们在海德公园玩乐。1998，1999）&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;结果呢？“声大恶嗮”，六个星期后护照到手，赶上晚间十点的SQ，在截然不同的友善的待遇中回到万里之外的老家。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;六年后，2000年9月，新加坡政府以海德公园为模式，在芳林公园开辟演说者角落，往言论自由跨前一步。十一年后2011年的全国大选，新媒体的力量比海德公园有过之而无不及，互联网上到处都是海德公园，现成的Facebook和Yahoo Forum等都成了交流的平台，进一步促进了民主的进程。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-mKENAilERIg/S-rEtYLaD2I/AAAAAAAABkI/gW5PZCfwqZQ/s1600/Photo0329.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="240" i$="true" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-mKENAilERIg/S-rEtYLaD2I/AAAAAAAABkI/gW5PZCfwqZQ/s320/Photo0329.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;（芳林公园，为华文请命。2010）&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/15158444-5206113916779614179?l=navalants.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://navalants.blogspot.com/feeds/5206113916779614179/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=15158444&amp;postID=5206113916779614179' title='4 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/15158444/posts/default/5206113916779614179'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/15158444/posts/default/5206113916779614179'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://navalants.blogspot.com/2011/10/hyde-park.html' title='海德公园 Hyde Park'/><author><name>.......</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06584661018093389655</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-v4Htppz2R0w/Tg7CqWb5rwI/AAAAAAAACTA/asOaHFgbTG4/s72-c/speakers+corner.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>4</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-15158444.post-2647311173414446183</id><published>2011-10-07T12:12:00.001+08:00</published><updated>2011-10-07T12:12:00.655+08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='once upon a time'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='happiness'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='humanities'/><title type='text'>我也很想写封信</title><content type='html'>我也很想写封信，告诉你这里的天气。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;那是从前。在e-时代，写信是件烦事，可以通过SMS，Email，Skype，Facebook等等，想知道悉尼多风、北京大雨？Google一下，答案就在弹指间。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;现在super e-时代，还有PM和twitter，云端科技也许还会颠覆e-潮流，以后直上云帆度沧海，我是一片云，cloud来又cloud去，身随魂梦飞，来去无牵挂。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;为了表示我是摩登老爸，跟得上科技潮流，跟女儿说今晚我来PM你啊！她问我什么是PM？唔，英雄终于有出头天了，我说你听不懂PM吗？那我Post Message你好了。她听后哈哈大笑，说PM是Private Message，很私人的，怎么可以Post Message，公诸于天下呢？&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;不经一事，不长一智，终于明白我的'e'充其量也只不过是慢吞吞的elevator，跟他们的electron速度相比，真的是没得比。只能做到trying to keep up, but never at the forefront。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;以前写信，真的是一本正经的，字斟句酌，每一个字都是心血。写了几个错别字，还会整面重新抄写，仔细地放入信封，贴上邮票，塞进邮筒后，还想象着对方收信后喜滋滋的表情。打开自家的邮箱，收到回信可以高兴一整天。跟外国朋友交笔友，还能收到异国邮票，为集邮簿增添异国姿彩。朋友出国念书，鱼雁相通，还可剩下长途电话费。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-cgTlsK20EME/Tg6XNgLBAoI/AAAAAAAACSc/Qv45mr91xtc/s1600/IMG_3236.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="247" i$="true" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-cgTlsK20EME/Tg6XNgLBAoI/AAAAAAAACSc/Qv45mr91xtc/s320/IMG_3236.JPG" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;（曾经很期待来自远方的来函）&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-T2V_o3ybwDo/Tg6YYujclFI/AAAAAAAACSg/Cewq85rDElw/s1600/IMG_2447.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="97" i$="true" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-T2V_o3ybwDo/Tg6YYujclFI/AAAAAAAACSg/Cewq85rDElw/s320/IMG_2447.JPG" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;（交朋友兼集邮）&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;现在的邮箱多了，不过都是电子化的。开了多个虚拟的电子邮箱，基本上每个邮箱都有不同的联络社群，有时候还会收信收到手软，不然就是发信发到心脏病爆发。怎么会落难到此地步呢？有时候生气起来，字里行间非常感性，按一个SEND，才惊觉是REPLY ALL，不该收到的，被臭骂的家伙也都收到了，一失手成千古恨，悔不当初。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;发送Junk mail和spam mail是免费的，因此也收到许多不需开封的邮件，看看题目看看发信人，delete就是了。这些Spam mails，语不惊人死不休，但脱离不了帮你完成一夜之间成为千万富豪的发财梦。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;至于真正的、实实在在的邮箱，不开好过开，因为当年收到信件的喜悦感已经荡然无存了，接踵而来的是收到手软的账单，马不停蹄，日复日、年复年，什么时候可以放下脚步，停车坐看枫林晚，不当财奴欲做仙？&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-3PMOXHsEJLE/Tg6Ydsme-bI/AAAAAAAACSk/izHz3F1cPCs/s1600/IMG_2437.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="300" i$="true" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-3PMOXHsEJLE/Tg6Ydsme-bI/AAAAAAAACSk/izHz3F1cPCs/s320/IMG_2437.JPG" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;（来自‘家乡’的邮件，平安，心安）&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-jfc7dH5efyo/Tg6YkYLpccI/AAAAAAAACSo/P9p2aX1KuMc/s1600/IMG_2438.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="171" i$="true" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-jfc7dH5efyo/Tg6YkYLpccI/AAAAAAAACSo/P9p2aX1KuMc/s320/IMG_2438.JPG" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;（据说这套海陆空邮票价值不菲，是我的非卖品）&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;想起星云大师的醒世格言：“有钱人未必富有，富有的人未必有很多钱。”的确，心安，则满。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;在e-时代，若能收到一封简单报平安的电邮，或是 facebook 上一张刚电传上网的照片，同样的，心安，则满。&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/15158444-2647311173414446183?l=navalants.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://navalants.blogspot.com/feeds/2647311173414446183/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=15158444&amp;postID=2647311173414446183' title='4 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/15158444/posts/default/2647311173414446183'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/15158444/posts/default/2647311173414446183'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://navalants.blogspot.com/2011/10/blog-post.html' title='我也很想写封信'/><author><name>.......</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06584661018093389655</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-cgTlsK20EME/Tg6XNgLBAoI/AAAAAAAACSc/Qv45mr91xtc/s72-c/IMG_3236.JPG' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>4</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-15158444.post-2753926677474941523</id><published>2011-09-30T12:55:00.074+08:00</published><updated>2011-09-30T12:55:00.110+08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='once upon a time'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='travels'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='humanities'/><title type='text'>行行走走旧时路</title><content type='html'>翻看1931年端蒙学校的校刊，除了为今时今日的华文程度而汗颜不已外，也被当年的平面广告深深吸引。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://navalants.blogspot.com/2011/03/80_25.html"&gt;http://navalants.blogspot.com/2011/03/80_25.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-zhU5y7sOH08/TVKaJ0Xft_I/AAAAAAAACAc/7K_o8BgnFyU/s1600/Tuan+Mong+25+years+front+page.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="320" i$="true" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-zhU5y7sOH08/TVKaJ0Xft_I/AAAAAAAACAc/7K_o8BgnFyU/s320/Tuan+Mong+25+years+front+page.JPG" width="214" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;（端蒙学校校刊，1931年）&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/--IXh_jESmTE/Tfw7gPY5lZI/AAAAAAAACSU/cQnA2UwzJ_c/s1600/Tuan+Mong+school.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="230" i$="true" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/--IXh_jESmTE/Tfw7gPY5lZI/AAAAAAAACSU/cQnA2UwzJ_c/s320/Tuan+Mong+school.bmp" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;（端蒙学校，c.1930）&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-r2aaAei0dqg/Tfw7UDl2s8I/AAAAAAAACSQ/xFKTmPoNAtE/s1600/Tuan+Mong+1970s.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="241" i$="true" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-r2aaAei0dqg/Tfw7UDl2s8I/AAAAAAAACSQ/xFKTmPoNAtE/s320/Tuan+Mong+1970s.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;（端蒙中学，c.1970s）&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;当年的大坡有一间专卖各款紅烟的松兴利记，设在戏馆街，德律风6570。大坡戏馆街是什么地方？德律风是什么台风？&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;就一般市井而言，新加坡本身虽然名为“坡”，实际上坡内有坡。新加坡有两个著名的坡，从四排埔（Cantonment Road）到吊桥头（Coleman Bridge）称为大坡，过桥后禧街（Hill Street）到火城（Kallang Road）统称小坡。小坡虽然有名“小”其实并不小，大坡既然有名大，腹地当然不能不大，能跟大坡戏馆街扯上关系的至少有两处。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://navalants.blogspot.com/2010/03/1949_19.html"&gt;http://navalants.blogspot.com/2010/03/1949_19.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-mAy0VbTY69U/Tfw7CAqKBII/AAAAAAAACSE/goTsMi8QC6k/s1600/Song+Heng+Lee.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="242" i$="true" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-mAy0VbTY69U/Tfw7CAqKBII/AAAAAAAACSE/goTsMi8QC6k/s320/Song+Heng+Lee.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;（位于戏馆街的松兴利记，星嘉坡，德律风。1931）&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-Gu3Hm2v2W34/Tfw6XhccmhI/AAAAAAAACRs/XQtRy-L0GNs/s1600/big+po+and+small+po.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="277" i$="true" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-Gu3Hm2v2W34/Tfw6XhccmhI/AAAAAAAACRs/XQtRy-L0GNs/s320/big+po+and+small+po.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;（大坡，小坡）&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-0aebYf-etxY/Tfw67GolPxI/AAAAAAAACSA/omSsYd7bWls/s1600/Roads+around+Singapore+River.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="312" i$="true" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-0aebYf-etxY/Tfw67GolPxI/AAAAAAAACSA/omSsYd7bWls/s320/Roads+around+Singapore+River.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;（大坡与小坡由吊桥头Coleman Bridge 衔接起来）&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;十九世纪末， 大坡有多家戏院：史密斯街（Smith Street）36号的梨春园，哇燕街（Wayang Street）21号的普长春园（后易名庆维新）、24号的庆生平戏园、还有演潮剧的怡园和哲园；马真路（Merchant Road）有景春园，阳春园，丹贵园和升春园。 粤剧在1920至1970年代风光了半个世纪，许多省港红伶都来新加坡演戏，回去后挂着“南洋”的招牌，身价倍增。演粤剧的梨春园的所在地史密斯街也因此沾了光，被称为戏院街，隔邻的邓婆街（Temple Street）称为戏院后街，转角处的丁加奴街（Trenggaru Street）称为戏院横街。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;大华戏院和裕华国货本来就坐落在哇燕街，马来文 “哇燕”(wayang) 是戏剧的意思，从街名可以联想这条街是以戏院而得名的。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://navalants.blogspot.com/2009/10/blog-post_23.html"&gt;http://navalants.blogspot.com/2009/10/blog-post_23.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-_eVYrCbpuOk/St8VwR3Eu9I/AAAAAAAABAY/GOqa1QmO6cU/s1600/Teo+Chew+street-2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="213" i$="true" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-_eVYrCbpuOk/St8VwR3Eu9I/AAAAAAAABAY/GOqa1QmO6cU/s320/Teo+Chew+street-2.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;（Wayang Street街景，c.1970s）&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;"&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-hxiCbMIxXNI/Tfw7PEBXryI/AAAAAAAACSM/ScURIu-KmqQ/s1600/theatre+street.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="320" i$="true" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-hxiCbMIxXNI/Tfw7PEBXryI/AAAAAAAACSM/ScURIu-KmqQ/s320/theatre+street.jpg" width="249" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;（可能是当年的戏馆街的街道）&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;"&gt;戏馆街可能是戏院街，也可能是哇燕街，根据当年端蒙学校的学生多是住在附近的潮州人，以广东人为主的戏院街似乎远了些，戏馆街是哇燕街的成分较高。老戏演完了，戏馆关门了，哇燕街也消失了，由延长的余东璇街取代。&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;"&gt;戏院街是在牛车水生活过的老人家所熟悉的，今天的新加坡地图找不到戏院街。戏院街的中文译名曾经非常文雅，叫做士敏街，现在的译名以效率为考量，直译为史密斯街。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-6kRWqEPncLQ/Tfw6c16guwI/AAAAAAAACRw/yl6I7DUFH9c/s1600/China+town+road+name.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="294" i$="true" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-6kRWqEPncLQ/Tfw6c16guwI/AAAAAAAACRw/yl6I7DUFH9c/s320/China+town+road+name.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;（戏院街）&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-4UdMUSANDSY/TCtg8qEvTgI/AAAAAAAABo8/-KUxMpQPjhQ/s1600/smith+street.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="208" i$="true" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-4UdMUSANDSY/TCtg8qEvTgI/AAAAAAAABo8/-KUxMpQPjhQ/s320/smith+street.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;（戏院街，c.1980s）&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;"&gt;至于德律风，它不是什么台风，也不是什么潮流跟风，而是Telephone的直译，现在统称为电话。当年新加坡人口少，也不是家家户户有能力装置电话，四个数目字的电话号码已经绰绰有余。记得1960年代打电话到印刷厂找老爸，电话号码33166，已经从千上万；1970年代找老爸，电话号码333166，六位数。1980年代家里装了第一台电话，2939244，已经升格为百万。2000年代新加坡的电话号码前头多了个6，八位数，算千万了！&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;“新加坡”这个中文名也是多样化的，松兴利记的广告称新加坡为星嘉坡，广和成的广告使用新嘉坡，光兴金庄称新加坡。在那个淳朴的年代，不论是新加坡，星嘉坡或新嘉坡，指的都是Singapore，似乎并没有在华人社会中引起混淆。记得在我成长的1960年代，还沿用着星洲、星加坡、星架坡等，小小的新加坡，原来有这么多中文名！&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-ENeLSgNfiJQ/Tfw6pM8cHhI/AAAAAAAACR4/vLUcL4YWGz0/s1600/Kwang+Hua+Seng.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="320" i$="true" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-ENeLSgNfiJQ/Tfw6pM8cHhI/AAAAAAAACR4/vLUcL4YWGz0/s320/Kwang+Hua+Seng.jpg" width="241" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;（广和成的新嘉坡，1931）&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-kclyjFqvXVw/Tfw6jUbNJ0I/AAAAAAAACR0/WEVUm5CAv3k/s1600/guang+heng+goldsmith.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="232" i$="true" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-kclyjFqvXVw/Tfw6jUbNJ0I/AAAAAAAACR0/WEVUm5CAv3k/s320/guang+heng+goldsmith.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;（光兴金庄，新加坡，漆木街。1931）&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-SxW9i1G_Nis/Tfw7IhPZjGI/AAAAAAAACSI/r35an_YQ4Eo/s1600/Tay+Bian+Huat.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="220" i$="true" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-SxW9i1G_Nis/Tfw7IhPZjGI/AAAAAAAACSI/r35an_YQ4Eo/s320/Tay+Bian+Huat.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;（郑绵发酒庄，新加坡吊桥头马车街。1931）&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1967年政府成立统一街名翻译委员会，1972年4月25日，我们才有了新加坡这个国家级名正言顺的中文译名。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;广和成位于粮米芝律，乍看之下似乎叫人摸不着恼，以为跟美芝路（Beach Road）有关，看了广告中的英文名New Bridge Road，才明了当年的粮米芝律就是今天的新桥路。光兴金庄的所在地漆木街，以前地图上没有这条路名，现在也没有，曾经在这一带讨生活的居民或许还有印象。小时候跟父亲从吊桥头的老家走到漆木街买铺地板的漆席（Vinyl sheet），才知道漆木街其实是大坡大马路从Carpenter Street到芳林公园（North Canal Road）那一小段路。漆木街除了有漆席、木匠等外，还有家远近驰名的“梁介福药行”，以斧标驱风油风行全球。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-R_UlyiITIxw/Tfw6wS5qFeI/AAAAAAAACR8/QeqWIyycz14/s1600/merchant+street.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="312" i$="true" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-R_UlyiITIxw/Tfw6wS5qFeI/AAAAAAAACR8/QeqWIyycz14/s320/merchant+street.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;（马车街，漆木街）&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;至于郑绵发酒庄，它的白米酒曾是数一数二的品牌，总行在吊桥头马车街，酒厂则设在Henderson Road 和Alexandra Road的交界处。同样的，马车街是一个传神的民间俗名，古今新加坡地图上都找不到这个地方，我只是小时候常听大人提起，脑海中才有马车街这个烙印。以地方俗名而言，马车街可能是福建街，可能是Upper Circular Street（打铁街），也可能是Victoria Street。新加坡潮州八邑会馆称当年“皇家山脚每晚停有马车三十馀辆，而有潮州马车街之名，正所谓车如流水马如龙，极一时之盛！”皇家山脚道路不少，若要确定指出哪一条才是潮州马车街也难以对证。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://blog.omy.sg/sgstory/archives/16"&gt;http://blog.omy.sg/sgstory/archives/16&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://blog.omy.sg/sgstory/archives/642"&gt;http://blog.omy.sg/sgstory/archives/642&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.teochew.org.sg/styl.shtml"&gt;http://www.teochew.org.sg/styl.shtml&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;小时候用过晚饭，跟着父亲走过吊桥头，去牛车水逛夜市。吊桥头是哥里门桥Coleman Bridge的俗称，衔接水仙门（Hill Street）和大坡（New Bridge Road），吊桥头下便是忙碌的新加坡河。过了吊桥头还没到Upper Circular Road经过一列商店，其中一家便是郑绵发酒庄，双蒸和三蒸白米酒摆在橱窗上，吸引过路人。以当时的推断，吊桥头马车街应是新加坡河与Upper Circular Road之间那一小段新桥路New Bridge Road的民间俗名，不过现在回头看当年的中文道路译名，马车街是Merchant Road 亦不足为奇。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-98jta0QtcUE/Tg7KBpAYcMI/AAAAAAAACTE/3EwYU1qXgjw/s1600/Hill+street+facing+new+bridge+road+4-1975.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="320" i$="true" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-98jta0QtcUE/Tg7KBpAYcMI/AAAAAAAACTE/3EwYU1qXgjw/s320/Hill+street+facing+new+bridge+road+4-1975.jpg" width="273" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;（郑绵发酒庄，吊桥头马车街，c.1975）&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-pek52Oi8CUo/S2psA29S_0I/AAAAAAAABas/nUBSZpxby8Q/s1600/ellenborough+street.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="214" i$="true" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-pek52Oi8CUo/S2psA29S_0I/AAAAAAAABas/nUBSZpxby8Q/s320/ellenborough+street.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;（吊桥头，1990）&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-baGBrh9dwxk/TfxBnI8g8vI/AAAAAAAACSY/cTuU2UV-Olc/s1600/New+bridge+road+after+colemen+bridge+towards+china+town+1890s.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="240" i$="true" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-baGBrh9dwxk/TfxBnI8g8vI/AAAAAAAACSY/cTuU2UV-Olc/s320/New+bridge+road+after+colemen+bridge+towards+china+town+1890s.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;（在吊桥头往大坡望去，New Bridge Road。c.1890s）&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;马车功成身退了，漆木街也没漆没木了，戏院街不再演戏了，吊桥头也吊不起桥。告别的是一个似曾相识的时代。&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/15158444-2753926677474941523?l=navalants.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://navalants.blogspot.com/feeds/2753926677474941523/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=15158444&amp;postID=2753926677474941523' title='6 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/15158444/posts/default/2753926677474941523'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/15158444/posts/default/2753926677474941523'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://navalants.blogspot.com/2011/09/blog-post_30.html' title='行行走走旧时路'/><author><name>.......</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06584661018093389655</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-zhU5y7sOH08/TVKaJ0Xft_I/AAAAAAAACAc/7K_o8BgnFyU/s72-c/Tuan+Mong+25+years+front+page.JPG' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>6</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-15158444.post-6347769491014049958</id><published>2011-09-23T12:37:00.012+08:00</published><updated>2011-09-23T12:37:00.210+08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='once upon a time'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='humanities'/><title type='text'>河东狮吼</title><content type='html'>同样一片土地，半个世纪内经历过四次大变化，应该算是历史奇迹；或许更恰当的形容词是沧海桑田，十年风雨几番新。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;加冷河畔的土地原是一片沼泽，新加坡第一座民航机场(旧加冷机场, Old Kallang Airport) 的所在地，填土后点石成金，化腐朽为神奇。战后航空业急速发展，旧加冷机场供不应求，1955年Paya Lebar Airport取而代之，旧加冷机场结束短短18年的历史使命。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-fK-iE5Ph78g/TKNPFzJ1fOI/AAAAAAAAByE/vlUSk7U5aFs/s1600/Kallang+airport+aerial+view+c1940s.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="212px" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-fK-iE5Ph78g/TKNPFzJ1fOI/AAAAAAAAByE/vlUSk7U5aFs/s320/Kallang+airport+aerial+view+c1940s.jpg" t8="true" width="320px" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;（Aerial view of Old Kallang Airport. c.1940s）&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;后来，旧加冷机场的停机坪部分改建为加冷劳动公园（Kallang Park）。劳动公园是殖民地时代的产物，寿命短促，1966年12月7日，文化与社会事务部长Othman Wok在这块土地上为国家体育场主持动土仪式，赋予劳动公园更值得期待的新生命。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://navalants.blogspot.com/2010/11/1949.html"&gt;http://navalants.blogspot.com/2010/11/1949.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://navalants.blogspot.com/2010/10/blog-post.html"&gt;http://navalants.blogspot.com/2010/10/blog-post.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-xm2QhL0HHoA/TKNPHp3pPLI/AAAAAAAAByM/QrOSW9Onnno/s1600/Kallang+park.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="320px" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-xm2QhL0HHoA/TKNPHp3pPLI/AAAAAAAAByM/QrOSW9Onnno/s320/Kallang+park.jpg" t8="true" width="313px" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;（旧加冷机场改建的劳动公园。c. late 1950s）&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;国家体育场是“赌”回来的，没有赌博便没有国家体育场。 1968年新加坡博彩公司（Singapore Pools）成立，为兴建中的体育场筹集资金。新加坡大彩（Singapore Sweep）和多多（ TOTO）的收入支付了约一半的建筑费用（总费用约五千万元）。赌博的张力造就了一个座落在加冷河东岸，独立桥一方，给国人缔造许多梦想的国家体育场。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Ir2XCmNWEyA/TepBRa_jmcI/AAAAAAAACRk/ocrUakbBcFU/s1600/sweeptic.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="201px" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Ir2XCmNWEyA/TepBRa_jmcI/AAAAAAAACRk/ocrUakbBcFU/s320/sweeptic.gif" t8="true" width="320px" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;（Singapore Sweep成就了国家体育场。1973）&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-FQzHpbDb7hc/Tend6_rJXTI/AAAAAAAACRI/c35b9lpeUCU/s1600/torch%252C+national+stadium.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="221px" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-FQzHpbDb7hc/Tend6_rJXTI/AAAAAAAACRI/c35b9lpeUCU/s320/torch%252C+national+stadium.jpg" t8="true" width="320px" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;（兴建中的圣火台。c.1973）&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-GiwMHQ2ywB0/TKNPOdBWrMI/AAAAAAAAByg/hAub21t0amc/s1600/medika+bridge+1978+with+national+stadium+2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="225px" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-GiwMHQ2ywB0/TKNPOdBWrMI/AAAAAAAAByg/hAub21t0amc/s320/medika+bridge+1978+with+national+stadium+2.jpg" t8="true" width="320px" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;（初落成的国家体育场，在加冷河东岸。c.1973）&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1973年7月21日，当时的总理李光耀为国家体育场主持开幕，一个多月后第七届东南亚半岛运动会在国家体育场掀开序幕（SEAP Game，9月1日至9月8日），这是新加坡第一次主办的大型体育盛会。记得当年正年少，我们挤在邻居的房门外，第一次在黑白电视光屏上见识可容纳五万五千人的国家体育场的风姿，第一次认识到赛场上的圣火原来是运动员擎着火炬，拾着台阶，一级一级地跑上去点燃的。开幕日沸腾腾的人心憧憬着未来一个星期的美梦，就像当年新兴的新加坡，对未来的希望鞭策着我们以不怕失败的体育精神，一步步创造奇迹，每一个小成就都足以使心情亢奋老半天。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-sGzRgbkTRyU/TepBIJf-JYI/AAAAAAAACRg/D9L1lRtvtIE/s1600/LKY+speaking+at+the+opening+of+national+stadium.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="174px" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-sGzRgbkTRyU/TepBIJf-JYI/AAAAAAAACRg/D9L1lRtvtIE/s320/LKY+speaking+at+the+opening+of+national+stadium.jpg" t8="true" width="320px" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;（当年的总理李光耀在国家体育场开幕礼上演说。1973）&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-gRiNWOZSZE8/TendAUfwjVI/AAAAAAAACQc/LADu9Xxahjo/s1600/1973+sea+game+opening.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="175px" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-gRiNWOZSZE8/TendAUfwjVI/AAAAAAAACQc/LADu9Xxahjo/s320/1973+sea+game+opening.bmp" t8="true" width="320px" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;（SEAP Game opening ceremony. 1973）&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;一个星期的赛事结束后，友谊万岁（Auld Lang Syne）的歌声响彻体育场，圣火慢慢熄灭，有曲终人散的情伤，更有两年后再会面冲刺的感动。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;长大一些才明白两年后可以再冲刺，在体育竞技场上见真章，但故人不再，一代新人换旧人，旧人如何站在浪尖上？时空的局限是冲不破的定律。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;新加坡第一次主办的东南亚赛事，成绩也是七届以来最佳的。新加坡的业余足球队杀入半决赛，与南越（当时的越南还没统一，南越与北越战争还持续着）以1:1打成平手，踢罚球时以3:5不敌，饮恨体育场。以总金牌而言，新加坡一路领先，直到最后一天下午才被泰国的拳击选手超越，以45金50银45铜排名第二。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-YxTZInyYQ_g/TepBa2fIw7I/AAAAAAAACRo/qJqlXgJJ3vw/s1600/Flags+of+participating+country+in+1973+SEAP+game.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="213px" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-YxTZInyYQ_g/TepBa2fIw7I/AAAAAAAACRo/qJqlXgJJ3vw/s320/Flags+of+participating+country+in+1973+SEAP+game.jpg" t8="true" width="320px" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;（1973年半岛运动会，体育场外。1973）&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;亲眼见证雄伟的国家体育场是跟大马金杯足球赛（Malaysia Cup）结缘的时候。国家体育场有东门和西门两个入口，东门是普通席，西门是贵宾席。入门前先爬上36级高，76米宽的石阶，石柱建筑是典型标志。住家走到国家体育场约一小时，来回两小时，我们从东门进去，一路走到西门旁最高处，通过斜角度，居高望远。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;大马金杯足球赛一票难求，星期天早晨七点出售下周门票，每人限买四张票，大清早六点抵达时已经排起多条长长的人龙，一票难求。别小看这条人龙，1977年球迷抢购吉隆坡Merdeka Stadium大决赛的门票，场面混乱，一名球迷被活活踩死，多人受伤。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-pGpv96jbukM/Tend0I6HjGI/AAAAAAAACRE/pmkQswiDV6w/s1600/ticket+rush+1977.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="251px" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-pGpv96jbukM/Tend0I6HjGI/AAAAAAAACRE/pmkQswiDV6w/s320/ticket+rush+1977.jpg" t8="true" width="320px" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-OBuT2PqI1R8/TiFONPYIFCI/AAAAAAAACTY/ZOKyQNstiuo/s1600/queeing+for+tickets.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="179px" m$="true" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-OBuT2PqI1R8/TiFONPYIFCI/AAAAAAAACTY/ZOKyQNstiuo/s320/queeing+for+tickets.jpg" width="320px" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;（天还没亮已在排队购买门票，足球也疯狂。1977）&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-LHK5u0xWkFg/TendN54DH5I/AAAAAAAACQo/eeCRHRufF9M/s1600/car+queuing+at+causeway+for+malaysia+cup.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="320px" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-LHK5u0xWkFg/TendN54DH5I/AAAAAAAACQo/eeCRHRufF9M/s320/car+queuing+at+causeway+for+malaysia+cup.jpg" t8="true" width="293px" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;（北上吉隆坡Merdeka Stadium的车队，挤爆新柔长堤。1977）&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;1977年大马金杯足球赛，新加坡迎战槟城，正赛靠“癫马Crazy horse”Nasir Jalil 的进球，以2:2言和。加时再战时，名将柯金松头球定江山，新加坡以3:2击败槟城，经过12年卧薪尝胆，重夺金杯，是个激情的不眠夜。Nasir Jalil 后来移民到登嘉楼，成为一名宗教师，死于2011年6月，56岁。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-vvxcblq8VYY/TendprzF7NI/AAAAAAAACQ8/uTjDWu6hDXo/s1600/Quah+Kim+Song+scored+the+first+goal+1977.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="212px" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-vvxcblq8VYY/TendprzF7NI/AAAAAAAACQ8/uTjDWu6hDXo/s320/Quah+Kim+Song+scored+the+first+goal+1977.jpg" t8="true" width="320px" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;（Quah Kim Song 柯金松 scored the first and final goals. 1977）&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-a0OptVPPi0o/TiFN9BURZAI/AAAAAAAACTU/62BvSVE4a_k/s1600/Singapore+football+team+1977.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="222px" m$="true" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-a0OptVPPi0o/TiFN9BURZAI/AAAAAAAACTU/62BvSVE4a_k/s320/Singapore+football+team+1977.jpg" width="320px" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;(Parade around the stadium)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-fnNbsZ5evYo/TeiwXIdFtWI/AAAAAAAACQQ/pMIrBW19m4I/s1600/1977+malaysia+cup+-the+new+nation+paper+Monday+30th+May+1977.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="320px" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-fnNbsZ5evYo/TeiwXIdFtWI/AAAAAAAACQQ/pMIrBW19m4I/s320/1977+malaysia+cup+-the+new+nation+paper+Monday+30th+May+1977.JPG" t8="true" width="258px" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;（Top: Robert Sim and Quah Kim Song, Bottom: Chief Coach Choo Seng Quee. New Nation Newspaper, 29 May 1977）&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-q9kiox3PxaY/TeiwU21_JWI/AAAAAAAACQM/I_C1TCvuQgQ/s1600/1977+malaysia+cup+-heroic+return+at+airport.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="211px" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-q9kiox3PxaY/TeiwU21_JWI/AAAAAAAACQM/I_C1TCvuQgQ/s320/1977+malaysia+cup+-heroic+return+at+airport.JPG" t8="true" width="320px" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;(Receiving the 1977 Malaysia cup Heroes at&amp;nbsp;Paya Lebar Airport. 1977)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;场场爆满的大马金杯足球赛最振奋人心的地方是由心发出的加冷狮吼（Kallang roar），群众一致的狮吼声浪爆发出爱国的情操与身为新加坡人的自豪。在那个为国家、为荣誉而战的年代，身穿浅蓝色运动衣的业余足球员给大家带来许多个情绪起伏的日子，我们就这样一波一波，在狮吼、referee kayu 和 balik kampung 声中走过1970年代。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-rTFVjH7SuYE/TendSRpa2FI/AAAAAAAACQs/Hjig97YHN8I/s1600/dollah-Kassim.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="315px" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-rTFVjH7SuYE/TendSRpa2FI/AAAAAAAACQs/Hjig97YHN8I/s320/dollah-Kassim.jpg" t8="true" width="320px" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;（The defining moment. Dollah Kassim on his way receiving the Malaysia Cup. 1977。 Dollah Kassim died in Oct 2010, 61 years old）&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Vse8jXKfQU0/TenduasBVmI/AAAAAAAACRA/x18C-A85VzI/s1600/Sunday+time+May+29%252C1977.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="320px" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Vse8jXKfQU0/TenduasBVmI/AAAAAAAACRA/x18C-A85VzI/s320/Sunday+time+May+29%252C1977.jpg" t8="true" width="238px" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;（Front page of The Sunday Times, 29 May 1977）&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;当时的新加坡足球队最梦幻的4-2-4阵容:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;守门员：Eric Paine&lt;br /&gt;后卫： Robert Sim, Samad Alapitchay , Terry Pathmanathan，Lim Teng Sai&lt;br /&gt;中场：Seak Poh Leong,&amp;nbsp;M Kumar&lt;br /&gt;前锋：Quah Kim Song, Dollah Kassim, Mohammad Nor, Rajagopal&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"Every time when we trooped out into the National Stadium, you can get this Kallang Roar....the fans cheering us, it was full house....That kind of feeling, I think I cannot describe..."---Quah Kim Song&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Lz0m33cyoQk/TendEP3ajwI/AAAAAAAACQg/7EXun9lggIc/s1600/1977_team.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="104px" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Lz0m33cyoQk/TendEP3ajwI/AAAAAAAACQg/7EXun9lggIc/s320/1977_team.JPG" t8="true" width="320px" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;(The Singapore dream team. c.mid 1970s)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;第一个十年后， 1983年5月28日至6月6日，新加坡主办第十二届东南亚运动会（SEA Game已经增加新成员，不再称为东南亚半岛运动会），多了强势的竞争对手，穿金戴银的风光已不及当年，但也有38金38银58铜进账。最有希望夺得东运会最后一面金牌的新加坡足球队由后来到欧洲踢球的Fandi Ahmad 和 V. Sundramoorthy助阵，以1:2不敌泰国，与金牌擦肩而过。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;第二个十年，第十七届东南亚运动会回到新加坡，1993年6月12日至6月20日是丰收的日子，50金40银74铜是最好的礼物。国家体育场则再一次让球迷伤心落泪。新加坡足球队与缅甸交战，领先2:0，后卫林东海竟然射入两粒乌龙球，让缅甸大演翻身战。球赛结束，新加坡以4:5再三饮恨，与东运金牌有缘无分。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;记得当时球赛和周华健演唱会撞期，加冷体育场和隔邻的加冷室内体育馆热烘烘一片。周华健是老婆的偶像，老早就和她的老友订了票，我只落得坐在Kallang的麦当劳等老婆跟周华健约会后从室内体育场走过来。在麦当劳看电视转播，也看着周遭大起大落的表情。因为我已不再迷本地足球，倒没有什么希望与失望。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-AbTxjhNMiWo/TenedozS7bI/AAAAAAAACRY/BIQTs8N-5oI/s1600/national+stadium+1990.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="210px" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-AbTxjhNMiWo/TenedozS7bI/AAAAAAAACRY/BIQTs8N-5oI/s320/national+stadium+1990.jpg" t8="true" width="320px" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;（National Stadium 1990）&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-EjlSurymJeI/TeneOkkCn_I/AAAAAAAACRM/ziZGNWinlZo/s1600/18092010065.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="240px" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-EjlSurymJeI/TeneOkkCn_I/AAAAAAAACRM/ziZGNWinlZo/s320/18092010065.jpg" t8="true" width="320px" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;(Lightning protection was added to the lighting towerin 2000s. It arose from a soccer player died when playing a soccer game during one of the S-League games. 2010)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;2001年7月24日是个让新加坡足球运动认识到何谓谦卑的日子。曼彻斯特联队来新马泰旅游兼赚外快，在国家体育场和新加坡足球联赛精选队进行友谊赛。新加坡先进一球，以为新加坡足球大有看头，谁知道一球惊醒梦中人，苏醒后的曼联连进八球，新加坡以1:8落败，溃不成军。要命的不是输球，而是曼联竟然让光头门将Fabien Barthez 当前锋，游刃有余。新加坡的职业足球没技术没斗志，真是愧见江东父老！&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;除了国庆日庆典和青年节开幕礼外，国家体育场也曾经见证了巨星的万种风华。1993年劳动节，Michael Jackson在体育场演唱，吸引九万歌迷，门票收入九百万。1999年9月25日，台湾新扎歌后张惠妹成为第一位在国家体育场开唱的亚洲歌手。随着encore最后一曲《温柔》，夜空燃放起烟花，是新加坡演唱会史上最经典的画面。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-YQopE_BI3yc/TendKRrgjZI/AAAAAAAACQk/tLsDDMABhoU/s1600/a-mei+1999.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="240px" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-YQopE_BI3yc/TendKRrgjZI/AAAAAAAACQk/tLsDDMABhoU/s320/a-mei+1999.jpg" t8="true" width="320px" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;（张惠妹演唱会，《温柔》但很野性激情的夜晚。1999）&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2010年9月29日，在加冷屹立37年的国家体育场开始拆除，2011年2月，兴建时所使用的30万包石灰，三百万块石砖和4500吨钢铁化为废料，加冷的地标被夷为平地，正式让贤给2014年开幕的体育城（Sport Hub）。至于1970年2月23日由吴庆瑞埋藏的时间囊，早已被人遗忘，当某某人想起曾经有过时间囊这回事时，时间囊已经找不回来。也许在拆除体育场的过程中，时间囊及所记载的一代人的记忆已经化灰了。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-D3_ZD5TaUnw/TeneXLJDnwI/AAAAAAAACRQ/KoOuvdCaB-U/s1600/18092010069.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="251px" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-D3_ZD5TaUnw/TeneXLJDnwI/AAAAAAAACRQ/KoOuvdCaB-U/s320/18092010069.jpg" t8="true" width="320px" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;（拆除中的国家体育场。Sep 2010）&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-7Oh5057177I/TeneaP62KFI/AAAAAAAACRU/rrhj6ln_tho/s1600/23102010174.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="250px" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-7Oh5057177I/TeneaP62KFI/AAAAAAAACRU/rrhj6ln_tho/s320/23102010174.jpg" t8="true" width="320px" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;（拆除中的国家体育场。Jan 2011）&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ws1DNwHUcRI/TendYAV6QcI/AAAAAAAACQw/J6qAgwfPmn0/s1600/Goh+Keng+Swee+laid+the+time+capsule.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="320px" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ws1DNwHUcRI/TendYAV6QcI/AAAAAAAACQw/J6qAgwfPmn0/s320/Goh+Keng+Swee+laid+the+time+capsule.jpg" t8="true" width="314px" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-U3w9nsUhY2Y/TendcV_CbXI/AAAAAAAACQ0/ib-oBaNlKMw/s1600/Goh+Keng+Swee+laid+the+time+capsule+into+the+foundation+stone.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="320px" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-U3w9nsUhY2Y/TendcV_CbXI/AAAAAAAACQ0/ib-oBaNlKMw/s320/Goh+Keng+Swee+laid+the+time+capsule+into+the+foundation+stone.jpg" t8="true" width="316px" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;（国家体育场奠基石，吴庆瑞埋藏的时间囊。在拆除体育场的过程中，时间囊及所记载的一代人的记忆可能已经化灰了。1970）&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/15158444-6347769491014049958?l=navalants.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://navalants.blogspot.com/feeds/6347769491014049958/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=15158444&amp;postID=6347769491014049958' title='3 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/15158444/posts/default/6347769491014049958'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/15158444/posts/default/6347769491014049958'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://navalants.blogspot.com/2011/09/blog-post_23.html' title='河东狮吼'/><author><name>.......</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06584661018093389655</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-fK-iE5Ph78g/TKNPFzJ1fOI/AAAAAAAAByE/vlUSk7U5aFs/s72-c/Kallang+airport+aerial+view+c1940s.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>3</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-15158444.post-8578452600445296696</id><published>2011-09-16T12:44:00.010+08:00</published><updated>2011-09-16T12:44:00.364+08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='food for thought'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='happiness'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='travels'/><title type='text'>永平鱼圆</title><content type='html'>现在少了军营用餐的机会，午餐时间多跟同事寻找价廉物美的小贩中心美食。小贩中心吃鱼圆面，似乎全新加坡大同，少了各自的特色。我们‘家婆’一下，尝试分析为什么传统美食不再拥有传统美食的味感，结论有三。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;第一，现在什么都搞外包来减轻成本，小贩都向那几家生产商取货，鱼圆和面条的食味已经近乎统一。第二，我相信爱心餐，爱心是可以融入食物中的，爱心的多寡取决于厨师的出发点，是为民服务还是看钱份上。理念不同，料理出来的食物味觉自有出入。现在被生活环境打压的熟食小贩居多，以自家的鱼圆面而深感自豪的熟食小贩甚少，吃不出爱心。第三，别小看拥挤的熟食中心，其实租金、水电和食物成本都是负担，三几年又来个翻新，几个月的翻新期间要‘吃自己’，翻新后租金又跟着涨价，还有些“政治婴儿”为了捞取政治资本，跟小贩们约定三章，食物不起价。羊毛出在羊身上，后果不言而喻。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;说起鱼圆面，最难忘的还是永平鱼圆。驱车沿着南北公路北上，过了关卡约一个小时便抵达永平（Yong Peng）这个古朴的小镇。永平小镇归柔佛州的Batu Pahat管辖，还保留着古早味，鱼圆也不例外。古早味的纯西刀鱼圆，正是童年时代路边摊的味觉。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-cOYMX75Aors/TeCQ-cMPE4I/AAAAAAAACP0/I9MvT4Abhy4/s1600/Yong_Peng.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="209" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-cOYMX75Aors/TeCQ-cMPE4I/AAAAAAAACP0/I9MvT4Abhy4/s320/Yong_Peng.jpg" t8="true" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;（永平，宁静小镇。2011）&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;永平人口只有三万 人，主要是福州籍华人，被称为“小福州”、“福州城”等，镇上离不开著名的福州食物，除了福州鱼圆外，如福州炒面、福州糕点、红槽酒鸡等都是深具当地古早味的传统美食。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;永平在十九世纪港主制度的时代（1847）由潮州籍人士开辟，种植胡椒与甘蜜。据说永平刚开发时叫‘Kangka’，也就是港脚（港口的衍生）之意，是当时永平的潮州人所取的名字。当时的港主是巫许阿鲁（Bor Koh Ah Loh），祖籍潮州饶平坪溪乡。港主制度废除后，部分巫许家族回到新加坡，如今多已改为‘许’姓。惟尚有少数保留‘巫许’之姓，例如新加坡电台933醉心频道的DJ巫许玛莉，可能是这一家族的成员。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;约1912年，福州人迁居至此，将大片森林地带开辟为树胶园，奠定了该地的发展基础，成为富庶胶园的所在地。当时的卫生环境很差，胶工往往带了一些米饭和咸鱼就在园地里工作好几天。由於缺乏维生素，脚气病成了一个常见的疾病，加上疟疾造成许多人病死。基於这种种原因，1920年左右，村民们就把这个地方改名为‘永平’，希望“永远平安”。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-FzudBv8DdQ8/TeCWSw_uOsI/AAAAAAAACQI/NCgRr7O8mOw/s1600/Jalan+Ah+Loh.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="212" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-FzudBv8DdQ8/TeCWSw_uOsI/AAAAAAAACQI/NCgRr7O8mOw/s320/Jalan+Ah+Loh.jpg" t8="true" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;（永平，纪念当年的开埠港主巫许阿鲁的Jalan Ah Loh，是一条黄泥路。）&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;英殖民地时期，英国政府为了对付马共动乱，在1948年6月颁布紧急法令。当时的永平是柔佛州境内最著名的‘黑区’。为了杜绝村民以粮食接济马共，英国政府将散居效外的村民，强制迁居到永平的新村，以铁刺网围住，实施宵禁令。村民外出割胶，必须接受严格的搜身检查。英政府也先后动员辜喀军团、苏格苏军团与菲济军团等，在永平展开军事行动。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1956年8月，英国政府进一步实行‘大锅饭’政策，每户人家不得自己烹煮食物，每家必须以人口登记米牌，每天在规定的时间和地点持着米牌与饭锅去取饭，当时永平的取饭地点是现在永平公园附近，县议会停放垃圾车处。紧急法令取消后，永平才由‘黑区’改变为‘白区’，重见蓝天。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;永平西刀鱼圆陪伴了当地人20余年，位于永平大街创立于1988年的“元延正宗永平西刀鱼丸”，创办人是永平县议员陈敃菁，数年前已把事业交给二儿子陈春翰打理。继承父业的陈春翰，在英国念硕士后在银行工作，2000年回永平，2003年接手父亲的生意。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-K5cWk5RqH8Y/TeCRWLW0uLI/AAAAAAAACQE/HjXfdWNvIwY/s1600/07032011369.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="235" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-K5cWk5RqH8Y/TeCRWLW0uLI/AAAAAAAACQE/HjXfdWNvIwY/s320/07032011369.jpg" t8="true" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-hfJV0pZNnf8/TeCRA0ecycI/AAAAAAAACP4/o8o-k5P3LsE/s1600/YuanYean+fishball.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="205" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-hfJV0pZNnf8/TeCRA0ecycI/AAAAAAAACP4/o8o-k5P3LsE/s320/YuanYean+fishball.jpg" t8="true" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;（永平镇，元延正宗永平西刀鱼丸。赞。）&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;店主使用新鲜西刀鱼，无防腐剂，无添加剂。由于西刀鱼多骨，细心是制作西刀鱼丸重要一环，尤其是去骨方面，他们会花上时间，确保顾客不会吃到鱼骨。制作西刀鱼圆需10至15分钟，并通过不断揉搓打，使每粒鱼丸都有弹性、爽口、结实。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;香喷喷的鱼圆汤配上福州面，原汁原味，健康古早味。一流。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-L8j9nAFyQxs/TeCRRE_jxgI/AAAAAAAACP8/oEu3H_9R9Ac/s1600/07032011362.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="240" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-L8j9nAFyQxs/TeCRRE_jxgI/AAAAAAAACP8/oEu3H_9R9Ac/s320/07032011362.jpg" t8="true" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-8-VpARbxS-Y/TeCRTn9YnmI/AAAAAAAACQA/RiD2RttyLr4/s1600/07032011366.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="250" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-8-VpARbxS-Y/TeCRTn9YnmI/AAAAAAAACQA/RiD2RttyLr4/s320/07032011366.jpg" t8="true" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;（元延西刀鱼圆面，西刀鱼餅。古早味浓。2011）&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/15158444-8578452600445296696?l=navalants.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://navalants.blogspot.com/feeds/8578452600445296696/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=15158444&amp;postID=8578452600445296696' title='4 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/15158444/posts/default/8578452600445296696'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/15158444/posts/default/8578452600445296696'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://navalants.blogspot.com/2011/09/blog-post_16.html' title='永平鱼圆'/><author><name>.......</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06584661018093389655</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-cOYMX75Aors/TeCQ-cMPE4I/AAAAAAAACP0/I9MvT4Abhy4/s72-c/Yong_Peng.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>4</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-15158444.post-9182314487398045611</id><published>2011-09-09T12:41:00.003+08:00</published><updated>2011-09-09T22:44:10.823+08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='once upon a time'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='happiness'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='humanities'/><title type='text'>初恋红豆冰</title><content type='html'>跟一群来自联邦的年轻同事吃午餐，问起他们周末在异乡的活动，他们说忙得不可开交，单单电影院就够他们泡了。倒使我想起少年时代的电影院，曾经为了盲侠大战独臂刀、精武门、猛龙过江等电影而着迷，电影院大排长龙，每人限买四张票，票到手中已经多了一股汗酸味。如今戏院设在购物中心顶层，缩身变得迷你，可以翘起二郎腿上网购票，舒服自在。要不然到电影院排队，环境一样舒适。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-1k3xTiwJfM0/Td0Pzt2M4wI/AAAAAAAACPk/C-ONJpNdUvk/s1600/great+world.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="229" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-1k3xTiwJfM0/Td0Pzt2M4wI/AAAAAAAACPk/C-ONJpNdUvk/s320/great+world.bmp" t8="true" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;（当年的大世界，在世界里头的广东和大西洋戏院看一部电影只需五毛钱）&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-PkJzSsa8BV0/Td0P2Pe6rYI/AAAAAAAACPo/DQSToEt1TZs/s1600/great+world+trade+fair.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="185" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-PkJzSsa8BV0/Td0P2Pe6rYI/AAAAAAAACPo/DQSToEt1TZs/s320/great+world+trade+fair.jpg" t8="true" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;（大世界常有特展，专卖国货（中国出品）。c.1930s）&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;告诉他们我通常是在新年期间泡影院。就已今年来说吧，人到知命之年，转换跑道前处于真空状态，一连跑了多场电影，单是华语片就有《大世界》、《香港万岁》、《新少林寺》和《山楂树之恋》等，喜欢它们带出的社会中的人情味与佛理中的舍得与放下。同事说他们喜欢梁智强的《笑着回家》。我则只对梁智强早年的《跑吧孩子》有兴趣，喜欢那种失去的乡土味与生活化的励志精神。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;“其实阿牛拍的大马国产片《初恋红豆冰》是乡土电影的极品啊！”我由衷赞赏：“我在youtube看过，今年三月间去了马六甲一趟，买了还热烘烘的DVD，回家后重看，一气呵成，还是非常感动。”&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;你也喜欢我们的红豆冰吗？他们开心地问。接着下来七嘴八舌，你也知道啦！&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-qo8Hh5tfsCw/Td0PhdX76rI/AAAAAAAACPY/LO8TGvij0io/s1600/%25E5%2588%259D%25E6%2581%258B%25E7%25BA%25A2%25E8%25B1%2586%25E5%2586%25B02.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="320" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-qo8Hh5tfsCw/Td0PhdX76rI/AAAAAAAACPY/LO8TGvij0io/s320/%25E5%2588%259D%25E6%2581%258B%25E7%25BA%25A2%25E8%25B1%2586%25E5%2586%25B02.jpg" t8="true" width="239" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;(初恋红豆冰，赞！)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;人的脑子里有一片储存记忆的空间，这一片脑细胞死亡后，记忆地带就会跟着流失，对曾经拥有的过去茫然无知。简单地说，就是患上失忆症。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;《初恋红豆冰》有似曾相识的故事，简单的生活，羞涩的年华，美丽的误会；生活中还有许多交叉点，咖啡店内静观着一幕幕的人生百态，然后向往事告别，离开熟悉的地方。….&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;多年以后，蓦然回首，模糊的影像又逐渐清晰，原来没有失忆。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-DsRf6EbldFg/Td0PfLxfx_I/AAAAAAAACPU/RukN2o9vlzY/s1600/%25E5%2588%259D%25E6%2581%258B%25E7%25BA%25A2%25E8%25B1%2586%25E5%2586%25B0.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="197" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-DsRf6EbldFg/Td0PfLxfx_I/AAAAAAAACPU/RukN2o9vlzY/s320/%25E5%2588%259D%25E6%2581%258B%25E7%25BA%25A2%25E8%25B1%2586%25E5%2586%25B0.jpg" t8="true" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;（《初恋红豆冰》有许多熟悉的人与事，没有失忆。）&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;没有失忆的生活有时是挺痛苦的。当我们必须不断地面对着地貌变迁，当人性良知被金钱效益所取代，人没有失忆，倒是城市患了失忆症，没有过去的回忆，只有未来的期待。我在李光耀时代成长，是他和他的同僚给我们生活的希望与勇气，脱离贫困的日子。我对他那一代为理想献身的政治家敬仰有嘉，但对他的价值观也有许多不认同之处，尤其在追求经济数字的过程中排挤我们那一代共同的记忆，缺乏一丝自信与包容。李光耀甚至留下“遗嘱”，去年钟爱一生的爱妻去世后，他交代说，那间酝酿新加坡脱离英殖民地统治的住所在他百年之后可以拆除，这块地建起高楼，可以赚很多钱！&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;记与忆是个理智与感情的结合体。记是为了保存。已经消失的、正在消失的、随时准备让贤的，都可以通过文字、图片与数码来记录保存；忆则是很微妙的东西，回忆是纯属个人的过去，是安慰式地认同感性的空间。但是人本来就是感性的动物，钱也是赚不完的，我们无须扭曲人性来成就贪婪的经济数据。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;在记与忆的交错间，永远无法解开红砖国家图书馆的心结。红砖国家图书馆不是古迹所以不需保留，旧梦不需记。或许真应该学会淡然放下。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;当年没有区域图书馆，红砖国家图书馆是国家成长的路上唯一拥有群体记忆的图书馆。在打造自治到独立的新兴国的坎坷路上，红砖国家图书馆从旁辅助，让两代人为国家的发展奋斗，献出他们的青春。它属于两代人生长的摇篮，是两代人的共同记忆。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-L7DyDTjGwnc/Td0QJq8Py0I/AAAAAAAACPs/5Wpk4fHSPCg/s1600/national+library+1990s.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="201" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-L7DyDTjGwnc/Td0QJq8Py0I/AAAAAAAACPs/5Wpk4fHSPCg/s320/national+library+1990s.jpg" t8="true" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;（红砖国家图书馆拥有两代人的群体记忆。1990）&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1953年，李光前捐献$375,000筹建一所新的国家图书馆，1957年8月16日，李光前受邀主持奠基仪式，1959年红砖图书馆落成，总资$2,300,000。1960年11月12日，新加坡首任元首尤索夫(Yusof Ishak) 主持开幕礼，官方语言称新图书馆使命重大，&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-SG; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"&gt;"would serve the needs of nation-building and its departments of knowledge, learning and technology embraced a wide field". &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-kARN4vk6two/Td0QXVVeqwI/AAAAAAAACPw/RrvrTdlrApk/s1600/IMG_2728.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="240" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-kARN4vk6two/Td0QXVVeqwI/AAAAAAAACPw/RrvrTdlrApk/s320/IMG_2728.JPG" t8="true" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-YWP2Bgmm_Qk/Td0PjsgU0pI/AAAAAAAACPc/_Q0BAGtmn-s/s1600/Yusof+Ishak+open+the+NLB+1960.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="203" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-YWP2Bgmm_Qk/Td0PjsgU0pI/AAAAAAAACPc/_Q0BAGtmn-s/s320/Yusof+Ishak+open+the+NLB+1960.jpg" t8="true" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;（新加坡首任元首尤索夫&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-SG; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"&gt;（Yusof Ishak）为红砖国家图书馆主持开幕礼。1960）&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;根据古迹保留局（The Preservation of Monuments Board,&amp;nbsp;1971年成立)的原则，国家古迹必须具备历史价值，贯穿城市的过去与未来，是国家生命记忆的基石。红砖国家图书馆绝对符合保留的条件，不过却在莫须有的牵强论证下拆除，2004年让位给福康宁隧道（Fort Canning Tunnel）。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;如果红砖国家图书馆得以保留，所保留的就不止于短短的历史中潺潺流水的生命力，还包括了在短短的建国过程中对两代人的情感的尊重，对过去与当下包容的气度，而不单只是对未来的未知的认同。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-9kAHn5b7RwY/Td0PmWgP5RI/AAAAAAAACPg/Gg9G8V6hUbU/s1600/NLB+1960.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="233" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-9kAHn5b7RwY/Td0PmWgP5RI/AAAAAAAACPg/Gg9G8V6hUbU/s320/NLB+1960.jpg" t8="true" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;（红砖国家图书馆的第一批读者。1960）&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;红砖国家图书馆的情意结只是冰山一角，还有许许多多剪不断理还乱的记与忆。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;有趣的是，红砖国家图书馆前巴士车站旁有一间咖啡店，咖啡店有一个卖红豆冰的摊位，三毛钱一碗红豆冰，我的第一碗红豆冰就是在这里开始的。那时红豆冰不叫红豆冰，叫Ice Kachang。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;红砖国家图书馆就像初恋红豆冰，在炎热的空气中转眼便溶化掉，红豆冰含在嘴里，把脸颊冻得酸痛，还有股寒气冲上脑门，眼皮都僵了。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;吃红豆冰就是喜欢这种感觉，更能回味的，是藏在心里略带轻涩的甘甜。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;附注：马来西亚歌手“阿牛”陈庆祥执导的电影《初恋红豆冰》因为以华语作为剧中媒介语，被马来西亚列为外国电影，征收20%的外语片娱乐税。马来西亚内阁于2010年11月23日推翻之前对于马来西亚本地电影对白必须有60%是马来语的规范；改为电影公司50%的股份持有人为马国人，和内容超过50%是在马国摄制，即可视为“本地电影”。 《初》在马来西亚的票房约400万令吉，获得马来西亚中央政府退还20%娱乐税回扣，一共是70万6000令吉（约29万新元）。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/15158444-9182314487398045611?l=navalants.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://navalants.blogspot.com/feeds/9182314487398045611/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=15158444&amp;postID=9182314487398045611' title='4 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/15158444/posts/default/9182314487398045611'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/15158444/posts/default/9182314487398045611'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://navalants.blogspot.com/2011/09/blog-post.html' title='初恋红豆冰'/><author><name>.......</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06584661018093389655</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-1k3xTiwJfM0/Td0Pzt2M4wI/AAAAAAAACPk/C-ONJpNdUvk/s72-c/great+world.bmp' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>4</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-15158444.post-4968292489950019673</id><published>2011-09-02T12:49:00.029+08:00</published><updated>2011-09-02T12:49:00.708+08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='once upon a time'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='general election'/><title type='text'>21st century's parliamentary general elections 2001-2011</title><content type='html'>GE 2001 saw the first time a formal political umbrella emerged from within the opposition. The four-party SDA was established with Chiam See Tong as chief, consisting of the SPP he led, which was the leader party, NSP, PKMS and SJP. NSP provided the bulk of nine candidates, SPP four and PKMS providing a required minority candidate.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Former WP NCMP J. B. Jeyaretnam, who lost his seat after being declared a bankrupt owing to lawsuits by PAP leaders, resigned from the party, citing disagreements with the present leadership. Low Thia Khiang took over as secretary-general and WP's third-generation leader.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-8uouvqwcxlI/Tddx3JN2uTI/AAAAAAAACOU/Un_7pOWdXeM/s1600/J+B+Jayaretnam+1926-2008.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="320" j8="true" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-8uouvqwcxlI/Tddx3JN2uTI/AAAAAAAACOU/Un_7pOWdXeM/s320/J+B+Jayaretnam+1926-2008.jpg" width="249" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;(J B Jeyaretnam resigned from WP in 2001. He passed away in 2008)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;GE 2001 also saw the shortest run-up period of 17 days after opening of the register of electors. Once again, Singapore was regrouped, now into 14 GRC and 9 SMC. A seat had been vacated in 1999 after the conviction of PAP MP Choo Wee Khiang over commercial crimes. Under the law, an entire electoral constituency, be it GRC or SMC, has to be vacated before a by-election is required. On nomination day, the sole WP GRC team was disqualified for filing incomplete papers in Aljunied GRC. Opposition parties ended up contesting only a-third of the seats, the lowest portion since 1968. PAP achieved its third highest vote share among the general elections it has contested. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;WP's Low and SDA-SPP's Chiam retained their seats but saw their winning margins declined from the previous GE. With these two opposition won, one NCMP seat was offered to and accepted by Steve Chia of SDA-NSP, who became the youngest and first ever non-WP NCMP. Electorate in 84 constituencies: 2,036,923 . Walkover 55 electorate: 1,361,617 (66.8%) .Voters in 29 constituencies: 675,306 (33.2%). WP contested in 2 constituencies and won 1. SDP contested 11 seats and lost all. SDA contested 13 seats and won 1. PAP 75.3%. WP 39.3%. SDP: 20.4%. SDA 27.6%.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-zJM_tyUW9KU/TcVkrSooeeI/AAAAAAAACMs/XW40upb22UA/s1600/Chiam+met+GohCT+during+2001+GE+walk+about+at+Potong+Pasir.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="271" j8="true" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-zJM_tyUW9KU/TcVkrSooeeI/AAAAAAAACMs/XW40upb22UA/s320/Chiam+met+GohCT+during+2001+GE+walk+about+at+Potong+Pasir.JPG" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;(Chiam See Tong 'accidentally' met Goh Chok Tong at Potong Pasir, 2001)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For GE 2006, the PAP government's second handover of power to a third Prime Minister, Lee Hsien Loong, could spell an uphill task for the ruling party to maintain its domination, if going by GE 1991 standard where his predecessor, now Senior Minister Goh Chok Tong, had assumed leadership and PAP lost four seats. Some constituencies were regrouped but as a whole, the country had 14 GRC, 9 SMC, same as the previous GE.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Adding to Lee’s challenge were opposition parties in improved shape and carried out preparations earlier, fielding enough candidates to deny PAP a return to power on nomination day, not seen since GE 1988. All contests were pure straight fights, something not seen before.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A rejuvenated WP, with secretary-general Low Thia Khiang, its sole Member of Parliament, and first woman chairman Sylvia Lim, released its manifesto ahead of PAP.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-QZ6NuXUb8HU/TddyIV9LL6I/AAAAAAAACOo/5KE2J2suJNg/s1600/WP+team+2006.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="240" j8="true" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-QZ6NuXUb8HU/TddyIV9LL6I/AAAAAAAACOo/5KE2J2suJNg/s320/WP+team+2006.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;(WP's candidates for GE 2006. It inlcuded a 'suicide squad' contested in Ang Mo Kio GRC (PM Lee's ward) and garnered one-third of vote share)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The SDA alliance continued its united front amid revealed dissatisfaction with leader and MP Chiam See Tong, including from Chiam's own SPP. Again, NSP provided the most number of candidates - with 11 or about half for SDA. PKMS one and SJP none. SPP provided eight.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;SDP's CEC fell into disarray after a defamation suit by PM Lee and Minister Mentor Lee Kuan Yew, which shook the unity of the once-strong party. Its leader Chee Soon Juan was barred from polls after being fined for speaking without a permit in 2002 and made bankrupt for libel in 2006.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For most of the campaign, PAP focused on James Gomez, a WP candidate in the Aljunied GRC team led by Sylvia Lim, over an ethnic minority certificate that Gomez alleged the Elections Department misplaced. However, the ED's CCTVs had filmed him inserting it into his bag.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;PAP saw its margins reduced island-wide. PM Lee's assignment to SM Goh to regain the two non-PAP constituencies did not bear fruit. Both WP Low Thia Khiang and SPP Chiam See Tong retained their SMCs with improved margin.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Sylvia Lim took up the NCMP seat and became WP's third NCMP and the first woman opposition legislator in post-independence Singapore. Total 84 Electorate: 2,159,721. Walkover electorate: 936,279. Voters: 1,223,442. WP contested in 20 constituencies and won 1. (note: WP sent a young team of ‘suicide squad’ to AMK GRC and won one-third of vote share from PM’s team. Aljunied GRC 44%). SDP contested 7 seats and lost all. SDA contested 20 seats and won 1. PAP 66.6%. WP 38.4%. SDP: 23.2%. SDA 32.5%.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-j3fnTTk87UM/TdfTbnOxpsI/AAAAAAAACOw/WiM0ElwgU2Q/s1600/sylvia_Lim.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="173" j8="true" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-j3fnTTk87UM/TdfTbnOxpsI/AAAAAAAACOw/WiM0ElwgU2Q/s320/sylvia_Lim.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;(Sylvia Lim, the first NCMP in Singapore history. c. 2006)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;THE NCMP scheme was introduced by the Government in 1984 as a means of ensuring there would be opposition representation in Parliament. It allowed the highest-scoring losers in a general election to enter Parliament if there were fewer than three elected opposition MPs. There could be as many as six NCMPs if the President decreed it. In 2010, changes were made to guarantee a minimum of nine opposition MPs. If the opposition wins fewer than nine seats, NCMPs from the highest-scoring losers can meet the shortfall. However, there is a cap of two NCMPs from any opposition GRC team. NCMPs must get at least 15 per cent of the valid votes.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-2bayb5Ii4H8/Tddx-5MJV2I/AAAAAAAACOc/85PfHZ6vwQI/s1600/Opposition+parties+representative+2011.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="223" j8="true" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-2bayb5Ii4H8/Tddx-5MJV2I/AAAAAAAACOc/85PfHZ6vwQI/s320/Opposition+parties+representative+2011.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;(Opposition parties met up for GE 2011)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-ygUtYxG_Tvw/Tddx0WlV4rI/AAAAAAAACOQ/LRR3gbe31WA/s1600/Chee+Soon+Juan+and+Chiam+See+Tong+had+an+acrimonious+past+when+working+together+at+SDP.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="233" j8="true" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-ygUtYxG_Tvw/Tddx0WlV4rI/AAAAAAAACOQ/LRR3gbe31WA/s320/Chee+Soon+Juan+and+Chiam+See+Tong+had+an+acrimonious+past+when+working+together+at+SDP.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;(Chee Soon Juan and Chiam See Tong's relationship turned&amp;nbsp;bitter when working together at SDP. Have they patched up&amp;nbsp;after 15 years on? 2011.)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;GE 2011 was the fiercest fight for post-independence Singapore. All the constituencies less Tanjong Pagar GRC were contested. PAP returned to power on polling day with total vote share of 60%. It was a convincing win by the standard of developed countries. However, it was the lowest in PAP history since independence.&amp;nbsp;WP teams not only retained Hougang SMC with the highest margin in Hougang history, they also registered a historic achievement by winning the Aljunied GRC. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-BWwdLfALQrA/Tddx5xgD2fI/AAAAAAAACOY/WjLqpQ6xWXA/s1600/George+yeo+and+aljunied+team.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="142" j8="true" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-BWwdLfALQrA/Tddx5xgD2fI/AAAAAAAACOY/WjLqpQ6xWXA/s320/George+yeo+and+aljunied+team.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;(PAP team contested in Aljunied GRC. 2011)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-NRlaSysCJhc/TddyKoA1aHI/AAAAAAAACOs/WtXfdLBMbGE/s1600/WP+win+Aljunied.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="160" j8="true" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-NRlaSysCJhc/TddyKoA1aHI/AAAAAAAACOs/WtXfdLBMbGE/s320/WP+win+Aljunied.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;(WP team contested in ALjunied GRC. 2011)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For another opposition MP Chiam See Tong, he suffered two consecutive strokes in 2008 but still full of&amp;nbsp; fighting spirit. Like Low Thia Khiang, Chiam decided to walk out from Potong Pasir SMC and form a formidable group to fight in the adjacent Toa Payoh GRC. His team captured about 44% of the total vote share and&amp;nbsp;earned high respect from the mass and the PAP team.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-pJw43IGQcbI/TcVkuJRIbDI/AAAAAAAACMw/JajEuWrQAJw/s1600/chiam+see+tong-now.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="267" j8="true" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-pJw43IGQcbI/TcVkuJRIbDI/AAAAAAAACMw/JajEuWrQAJw/s320/chiam+see+tong-now.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;(Chiam See Tong in an election rally GE 2011. The WP team (6 elected MPs and 2 NCMPs) would fulfil his&amp;nbsp;wish of restoring democracy in the Parliament.&amp;nbsp;Would&amp;nbsp;Chiam&amp;nbsp;pull down&amp;nbsp;the curtain after&amp;nbsp;contributed his prime time to the Singapore politics?&amp;nbsp;2011)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-xrxNnc_g3aI/TdpkOrgL0MI/AAAAAAAACPE/A6TYAZrED0c/s1600/Chiam+See+Tong+elected+in+Potong+Pasir+1984.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="320" j8="true" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-xrxNnc_g3aI/TdpkOrgL0MI/AAAAAAAACPE/A6TYAZrED0c/s320/Chiam+See+Tong+elected+in+Potong+Pasir+1984.jpg" width="235" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;(Chiam See Tong founded SDP and won the Potong Pasir Seat in GE 1984.&amp;nbsp;He remained as a longest serving opposition MP for 27 years.)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;Immediately after the election, PM Lee Hsien Loong told Singaporeans that this election was a watershed and your voices were heard.&amp;nbsp;He&amp;nbsp;determined to make significant changes to the way PAP government shaping its policies and connecting with people. He initiated a sweeping Cabinet reshuffle just 11 days after the general election. Three ministers who were highly controversial and scored the lowest winning margins were all booted out from the cabinets. They&amp;nbsp;were Deputy Prime Minister and Minister for Home Land Security Wong Kan Seng, National Development Minister Mah Bow Tan and Transport Minister Raymond Lim. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-He0sk0-yCog/TddyE2GKMoI/AAAAAAAACOk/doeNWUGevHg/s1600/Wong+Kan+Seng%252C+Mah+Bow+Tan%252C+Raymond+Lim+retired.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="191" j8="true" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-He0sk0-yCog/TddyE2GKMoI/AAAAAAAACOk/doeNWUGevHg/s320/Wong+Kan+Seng%252C+Mah+Bow+Tan%252C+Raymond+Lim+retired.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;(Wong Kan Seng, Mah Bow Tan and Raymond Lim were dropped from the new cabinet lineup. 2011)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The question was inevitable: To what extent did the election results affect the shape of the new line-up? Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong responded: &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;&lt;em&gt;'Certainly, the outcome of the election affected my thinking in deciding how to make this Cabinet. I wanted a fresh start and that's why I've gone for radical change.' &lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-gDMqizsL0d8/TddyBXipVBI/AAAAAAAACOg/MSzlmI9xh3I/s1600/PM+Lee+announced+the+new+lineup.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="213" j8="true" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-gDMqizsL0d8/TddyBXipVBI/AAAAAAAACOg/MSzlmI9xh3I/s320/PM+Lee+announced+the+new+lineup.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;(PM Lee Hisen Loon announced his new lineup 10 days after polling day. 2011)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-X2tNymx-SeM/TdisCgKelcI/AAAAAAAACO8/lRQxfCtqU_0/s1600/new+cabinet.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="226" j8="true" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-X2tNymx-SeM/TdisCgKelcI/AAAAAAAACO8/lRQxfCtqU_0/s320/new+cabinet.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;(New cabinet, 2011) &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Xrj_SmRQ6bk/TdirNmzTDzI/AAAAAAAACO4/_LEhK1rFlzQ/s1600/WP+team+of+MP+and+NCMP.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="194" j8="true" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Xrj_SmRQ6bk/TdirNmzTDzI/AAAAAAAACO4/_LEhK1rFlzQ/s320/WP+team+of+MP+and+NCMP.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;(PAP government expecting alternative voices from this team of MPs and NCMPs from the Workers' Party. 2011)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: left;"&gt;Total 87 Electorate: 2,350,873. Walkover electorate: 292,913. Voters: 2,012,976. WP contested in 23 constituencies and won 6. SDP contested 11 seats and lost all. SPP contested 7 seats and lost all. NSP contested 24 seats and lost all. Reform Party contested 11 seats and lost all. SDA contested 7 seats and lost all. PAP 60.1%. WP 46.6%. SDP: 36.8%. SPP 41.4%. NSP 39.3%. RP 31.8%. SDA 30.1%.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/15158444-4968292489950019673?l=navalants.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://navalants.blogspot.com/feeds/4968292489950019673/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=15158444&amp;postID=4968292489950019673' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/15158444/posts/default/4968292489950019673'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/15158444/posts/default/4968292489950019673'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://navalants.blogspot.com/2011/09/21st-centurys-parliamentary-general.html' title='21st century&apos;s parliamentary general elections 2001-2011'/><author><name>.......</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06584661018093389655</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-8uouvqwcxlI/Tddx3JN2uTI/AAAAAAAACOU/Un_7pOWdXeM/s72-c/J+B+Jayaretnam+1926-2008.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-15158444.post-310972762867865536</id><published>2011-08-26T12:28:00.034+08:00</published><updated>2011-08-26T12:28:00.134+08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='once upon a time'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='general election'/><title type='text'>Watershed elections and government renewal 1984-1997</title><content type='html'>Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew was a strong eugenics believer. In his 1983 National Day Rally speech, he lamented that declining birth rates and large number of graduate women remaining single or not marrying their intellectual equal could shrink the Singapore's talent pool. The PAP government proceeded to launch the "Graduate Mother Scheme" to entice graduate women with incentives to get married and give birth to more babies. These could have caused a big dip in PAP's support for GE 1984. Its vote share plunged to 65%, the biggest fall and the lowest for PAP since independence. It was termed as a watershed at that time.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For this GE, PM Lee's son Lee Hsien Loong made his debut, while PAP stalwarts Goh Keng Swee and Ong Pang Boon stepped down. WP retained its sole Anson seat of leader J. B. Jeyaretnam while SDP made its first in-road into Parliament with the victory of Chiam See Tong, who would hold onto the seat for 27 years. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-zujl6NflhG8/TddrdI5c3kI/AAAAAAAACN8/x73Tu9lkVME/s1600/Goh+Keng+Swee%252C+Toh+Chin+Chye+and+Lee+Kuan+Yew.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="217" j8="true" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-zujl6NflhG8/TddrdI5c3kI/AAAAAAAACN8/x73Tu9lkVME/s320/Goh+Keng+Swee%252C+Toh+Chin+Chye+and+Lee+Kuan+Yew.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;(Goh Keng Swee, Toh Chin Chye and Lee Kuan Yew)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A new Non-Constituency Member of Parliament scheme (NCMP) was introduced whereby between three and six seats would be offered to unsuccessful opposition candidates with the best scores and who garner at least 15% of the votes. Opposition parties dismissed the scheme for misleading voters into thinking that they could have opposition MPs without voting for them. WP's M. P. D. Nair was eligible for NCMP but declined. The offer was then made to SUF's Tan Chee Kien, who did the same. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I remembered Tan Chee Kien quite well and had good conversation with him back in my student years. He graduated from Nanyang University and was a Student Liaison Officer in Singapore Polytechnic. He was supportive of student activities. Because of his personal belief, he quitted the job in 1980 and eventually became a member of SUF (Singapore United Front). Eligible voters: 1,495,389 in 79 constituencies. Voters in 30 walkover constituencies: 550,765 (36.8%). Total voters in 49 contested constituencies: 944,624 (63.2%). WP contested in 15 constituencies and won 1. BS contested 4 seats and lost all. SDP contested 4 seats and won 1. PAP 64.8%. WP 41.9%. BS 38.2%. SDP: 46.1%.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-pXRnEzEfVks/TddrYUEaPGI/AAAAAAAACN4/Wfpi_OtYw8M/s1600/Tan+Chee+Kian.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="320" j8="true" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-pXRnEzEfVks/TddrYUEaPGI/AAAAAAAACN4/Wfpi_OtYw8M/s320/Tan+Chee+Kian.jpg" width="212" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;(Tan Chee Kian. Student Liaison Officer turned business man. He contested under SUF and later NSP)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;GRCs were introduced in GE 1988 to ensure ethnic minority representation in Parliament based on PAP’s theory. This was the last time Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew led the PAP in a GE.&amp;nbsp;Another two stalwarts, former Deputy PM Toh Chin Chye and Senior Minister S. Rajaratnam, retired for PAP's renewal process. Singapore was divided into 13 GRC and 42 single member constituencies (SMC). Two seats were vacated in 1986 - Anson of WP chief J. B. Jeyaretnam and Geylang West of PAP Teh Chang Wan. Jeyaretnam disqualified as MP for improper party accounts and Teh Chang Wan committed suicide while on investigations for corruption. WP absorbed BS and SUF to become the largest opposition party and also allied with PKMS as one common unit. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Former solicitor-general and Law Society president, Francis Seow, standing under the WP ticket in Eunos GRC with veteran politician Lee Siew Choh. Francis Seow came under fire from the PAP leadership for his alleged dubious financial circumstances. Nevertheless, the strong WP team caught PAP's attention and Dr Tay Eng Soon, a popular PAP stalwart, was switched to face the team. In the end, PAP won the GRC by narrow margin (50.9%). With SDP's sole victory, two NCMP seats were offered to Lee and Seow. Seow fled the country to avoid arrest and was disqualified from the post. Lee Siew Choh took up the offer and became Singapore's first NCMP. This also marked his return to Parliament after 25 years since his last stint as a PAP and BS legislator. Eligible voters in 81 constituencies: 1,669,013. Voters in 11 walkover constituencies: 219,175 (13.1%). Total voters in 70 constituencies: 1,449,838 (86.9%). WP contested in 32 constituencies and lost all. SDP contested 18 seats and won 1. PAP 63.2%. WP 38.5%. SDP: 39.5%.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://navalants.blogspot.com/2011/04/pathos.html"&gt;http://navalants.blogspot.com/2011/04/pathos.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://navalants.blogspot.com/2010/05/1949.html"&gt;http://navalants.blogspot.com/2010/05/1949.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://navalants.blogspot.com/2009/10/blog-post_23.html"&gt;http://navalants.blogspot.com/2009/10/blog-post_23.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-5TUT1jHzUl4/TddrjQ5LSuI/AAAAAAAACOE/6_m8DYlJvd8/s1600/Ong+Teng+Cheong+and+Lim+Chee+Onn.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="184" j8="true" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-5TUT1jHzUl4/TddrjQ5LSuI/AAAAAAAACOE/6_m8DYlJvd8/s320/Ong+Teng+Cheong+and+Lim+Chee+Onn.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;('Of the five younger Cabinet ministers - Ong Teng Cheong, Goh Chok Tong, Dhanabalan, Tony Tan and Lim Chee Onn - whom have you the most confidence in?' Mr Lee asked some members of the already disbanded task force in a confidential letter in April 1981.&amp;nbsp;Ong Teng Cheong is on the left and&amp;nbsp;Lim Chee Onn&amp;nbsp;is third from left.)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In November 1990, the Nominated MP scheme was implemented to introduce non-partisan voices into the parliament. GE 1991 was Prime Minister Goh Chok Tong's maiden leading of PAP into an election after Lee Kuan Yew stepped down as PM and PAP's secretary-general in 1990. PM Goh called a snap election merely three years after the last GE to court a fresh mandate, setting Parliament's shortest term ever. The nation was regrouped into 15 GRC and 21 SMC. However, PAP lost an unprecedented four seats, the biggest number since GE 1963, and its vote share fell for the third consecutive time. SDP won two more seats in addition to the seat retained successfully by leader Chiam See Tong. In fact eight out of nine SDP candidates came in among the top ten opposition candidates. WP made its second in-road into the legislature with the victory of its organising secretary Low Thia Khiang, who would years later become WP secretary-general and leader. At a press conference, PM Goh attributed the loss to his "open and consultative style of government" and pledged to re-assess his style. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-lh7zfPeLRPY/TddthPySuVI/AAAAAAAACOM/rk6ddxSJ5Dc/s1600/Low+Thia+Khiang.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="320" j8="true" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-lh7zfPeLRPY/TddthPySuVI/AAAAAAAACOM/rk6ddxSJ5Dc/s320/Low+Thia+Khiang.jpg" width="234" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;(Low Thia Khiang. Elected as Hougang MP in 1991. 20 years alter, he decided to walk out from Hougang and formed an 'A' team contested in Aljunied GRC in 2011. The team garnered about 56% vote share)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Since the introduction of the NCMP scheme in 1984, this was the first GE with no NCMP seats offered as the four opposition seats exceeded the minimum of three NCMP seats allotted. Therefore, the narrow defeat of WP's Eunos GRC team, helmed by Lee Siew Choh again, did not see to his return as NCMP. He retired from politics in 1993. The maximum of six Nominated MPs were appointed for this term, up from two NMPs previously. Eligible voters in 81 constituencies: 1,692,384. Voters in 41 walkover constituencies: 844,668 (49.9%). Total voters in 40 constituencies: 847,716 (50.1%). WP contested in 13 constituencies and won 1. SDP contested 9 seats and won 3. PAP 61%. WP 41.1%. SDP: 48.6%.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The first and only by-election in a GRC was called by Prime Minister Goh Chok Tong in his own Marine Parade GRC in 1992 for two purposes. He hoped to secure another fresh, stronger mandate after last year's GE saw PAP lose an unprecedented four seats under his leadership. He also wanted to introduce Teo Chee Hean into the parliament. SDP unveiled its newly-acquired "trump card" - National University of Singapore lecturer Chee Soon Juan, who would subsequently become SDP's leader.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;PAP won that By-Election in 1992 with&amp;nbsp;48,965 votes (72.9%) against SDP, NSP and SJP.&amp;nbsp;It is interesting to note that for&amp;nbsp;1991 General Election, PAP won Marine Parade GRC with 51,685 votes (77.2%) against SJP. The vote share had dipped&amp;nbsp;for the by-election.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-DeUOZgd3tCk/TdpniH1R8jI/AAAAAAAACPI/Przw-tHOlHc/s1600/Chee_Soon_Juan.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="320" j8="true" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-DeUOZgd3tCk/TdpniH1R8jI/AAAAAAAACPI/Przw-tHOlHc/s320/Chee_Soon_Juan.jpg" width="230" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;(Chee Soon Juan, a NUS lecturer who&amp;nbsp;was under attacked&amp;nbsp;by the PAP heavy weight. c.1992)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;GE 1997 was another opportunity for Goh Chok Tong to score a better mandate after PAP's considerably poorer showing in GE 1991. Singapore was regrouped again into 15 GRC and 9 SMC. Two seats in PAP-held Eunos and Toa Payoh GRCs were vacated after the death of Dr Tay Eng Soon and inauguration of former Deputy PM Ong Teng Cheong as Singapore's fifth and first elected President respectively. Eunos GRC, which twice saw narrow wins against WP, was dispersed into neighbouring constituencies. The main opposition SDP was facing serious internal conflict. SDP MP and former leader Chiam See Tong won a defamation lawsuit against his party's central executive committee, including its new leader Chee Soon Juan and one of its MPs, chairman Ling How Doong. Prior to nomination day, Chiam resigned from SDP and crossed over to its splinter party, SPP. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Two opposition candidates who came under heaviest fire from PAP were Chee Soon Juan and Tang Liang Hong. Tang was standing on the WP ticket with its secretary-general J. B. Jeyaretnam in Cheng San GRC. Tang was accused by PAP of being an anti-Christian Chinese chauvinist. After the GE, Tang fled Singapore after numerous lawsuits were filed against him by top PAP leaders, including PM Goh Chok Tong, Senior Minister Lee Kuan Yew, DPMs Lee Hsien Loong, Dr Tony Tan and several PAP MPs. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-xXd9xIUos3E/Tddr2oc3k6I/AAAAAAAACOI/hbugF4q6qh0/s1600/Tang+Liang+Hong+at+a+1997+election+rally.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="251" j8="true" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-xXd9xIUos3E/Tddr2oc3k6I/AAAAAAAACOI/hbugF4q6qh0/s320/Tang+Liang+Hong+at+a+1997+election+rally.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;(Lawyer Tang Liang Hong during GE rally. 1997)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;With the "HDB upgrading" carrot dangled as a pricy stake for voters, PAP reversed its electoral decline for the first time in four GEs and recaptured two SDP seats out of the four it had lost the last round. With Chiam hopped to SPP, SDP had no representation in Parliament since 1984. Low Thia Khiang, now WP assistant secretary-general, and Jeyaretnam as a NCMP, returned to the legislature. It was Jeyaretnam’s first return to parliament since his last presence in 1986. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In June 1997, when NMPs were re-appointed, the number was increased from six to nine. Eligible voters in 83 constituencies: 1,881,011. Voters in 47 walkover constituencies: 1,115,679 (59.3%). Total voters in 36 contested constituencies: 765,332 (40.7%). WP contested in 14 constituencies and won 1. SDP contested 12 seats and lost all. SPP contested in 3 seats and won 1. PAP 65%. WP 37.6%. SDP: 33.1%. SPP 27.2%.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/15158444-310972762867865536?l=navalants.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://navalants.blogspot.com/feeds/310972762867865536/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=15158444&amp;postID=310972762867865536' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/15158444/posts/default/310972762867865536'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/15158444/posts/default/310972762867865536'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://navalants.blogspot.com/2011/08/watershed-elections-and-government.html' title='Watershed elections and government renewal 1984-1997'/><author><name>.......</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06584661018093389655</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-zujl6NflhG8/TddrdI5c3kI/AAAAAAAACN8/x73Tu9lkVME/s72-c/Goh+Keng+Swee%252C+Toh+Chin+Chye+and+Lee+Kuan+Yew.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-15158444.post-5764418254799007857</id><published>2011-08-19T12:06:00.008+08:00</published><updated>2011-08-19T12:06:02.218+08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='once upon a time'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='general election'/><title type='text'>Into the election years of nation building 1968-1981</title><content type='html'>Unlike the last GE in 1968, vibrant contests made its return and PAP was challenged in nearly all seats in GE 1972. BS changed tack from its boycott strategy and attempted to make a comeback. BS’s Lee Siew Choh contested in Rochor&amp;nbsp;but lost to PAP’s Toh Chin Chye again. This time lost by a larger margin of more than 1000 votes. WP was rejuvenated by former district judge J. B. Jeyaretnam while its former leader David Marshall, who had contemplated to stand as an independent candidate, was out of the running due to a stingray wound. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-SEaUb__w4sM/Tddj409tkNI/AAAAAAAACN0/a45odZZdHnM/s1600/Toh+Chin+Chye+visited+kampong+in+Rochor.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="213" j8="true" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-SEaUb__w4sM/Tddj409tkNI/AAAAAAAACN0/a45odZZdHnM/s320/Toh+Chin+Chye+visited+kampong+in+Rochor.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;(Dr Toh Chin Chye visited Rochor Constituency. c. 1960s)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew anticipated 45 seats as a good-enough victory given the stiff competition. However, PAP returned to power by capturing all seats.&amp;nbsp;Singaporeans&amp;nbsp;did not see the&amp;nbsp;need for political diversity, which they believed would lead to power struggle that would impede effective governance during the nation building years. Eligible voters in 65 seats: 908,382. Voters in 8 walkover constituencies: 95,456 (10.5%). Total voters in 57 contested constituencies: 812,926 (89.5%). WP and BS contested 27 and 10 seats respectively and lost all. PAP: 70.4%. WP 24.5%, BS 26.6%.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-4jGyHf3nbUk/Ti-P3qdXhpI/AAAAAAAACVA/6nAYirBxdf4/s1600/%25E9%2598%25B5%25E7%25BA%25BF%25E6%258A%25A5+1970.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="320" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-4jGyHf3nbUk/Ti-P3qdXhpI/AAAAAAAACVA/6nAYirBxdf4/s320/%25E9%2598%25B5%25E7%25BA%25BF%25E6%258A%25A5+1970.jpg" t$="true" width="220" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;(阵线报published by BS, 1970)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;GE 1976 was the electoral debut of both Goh Chok Tong and Chiam See Tong. Goh became Singapore's next Prime Minister 1990-2004. Chiam, standing as independent candidate, later became Singapore's longest-serving opposition MP (1984-2011. 27 years). PAP government produced credible records but had become authoritarian after being in power for a long time and denied Singaporeans democratic choices by changing laws to its favour and employing hardball tactics. Some opposition parties began to adopt a stand more in sync with the people's sentiments that no matter how good PAP was, a few opposition MPs in Parliament could serve as a check and balance on the PAP government. Eligible voters from 69 constituencies: 1,095,817. Voters in 16 walkover constituencies: 238,520 (21.8%). Total voters in 53 contested constituencies: 857,297 (78.2%). WP and BS contested 22 and 6 seats respectively and lost all. PAP 74.1%. WP 27.9%. BS 27.1%.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-FPXN0wZekh0/TddjwzLn4rI/AAAAAAAACNs/sUKpo2mq-wI/s1600/Goh+Chok+Tong+won+1976+election.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="320" j8="true" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-FPXN0wZekh0/TddjwzLn4rI/AAAAAAAACNs/sUKpo2mq-wI/s320/Goh+Chok+Tong+won+1976+election.jpg" width="218" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;(Goh Chok Tong won his first election in Marine Parade. 1976)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-BiZwAHkoJWw/Tddjtnoj7VI/AAAAAAAACNo/MMNzkxqiWMs/s1600/ChiamSeeTong.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="320" j8="true" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-BiZwAHkoJWw/Tddjtnoj7VI/AAAAAAAACNo/MMNzkxqiWMs/s320/ChiamSeeTong.jpg" width="264" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;(Chiam See Tong. The longest serving opposition MP from 1984 to 2011. He first contested in 1976)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Almost half the number of seats was uncontested in GE 1980 and PAP was one seat away to forming the government on nomination day. This was also the debut of the newly-founded SDP (Chiam See Tong). The school streaming system and former PAP Minister Phey Yew Kok's fraud of trade union funds were the main issues of this GE. Phey jumped bail and disappeared forever. PAP achieved another clean sweep of all Parliament seats with the party's second-highest vote share. Eligible voters in 75 constituencies: 1,290,426. Voters in 37 walkover constituencies: 605,285 (46.9%). Total voters in 38 contested constituencies: 685,141 (53.1%). WP and BS contested 8 and 4 seats respectively and lost all. PAP 77.7%. WP 29.2%. BS 27%.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;PAP MP Devan Nair was nominated as the third President of Singapore and vacated the Anson seat for a by-election in 1981. WP leader J. B. Jeyaretnam's victory marked the end of PAP's 15-year monopoly since BS boycott of Parliament in 1966. It also marked WP's return to the legislature since 20 years ago in 1961 and in the same seat David Marshall clinched.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-RnDjhL1ROHw/TddjrpZa2QI/AAAAAAAACNk/cA9xppV4N8k/s1600/Devan+Nair.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="213" j8="true" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-RnDjhL1ROHw/TddjrpZa2QI/AAAAAAAACNk/cA9xppV4N8k/s320/Devan+Nair.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;(Devan Nair. Once a leftist in 1950s. He became Singapore President in 1981)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-jlUYUg2CDmM/Tddj0fsDBnI/AAAAAAAACNw/ffnizSMA-Uk/s1600/J+B+Jayaretnam+contested+Anson.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="320" j8="true" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-jlUYUg2CDmM/Tddj0fsDBnI/AAAAAAAACNw/ffnizSMA-Uk/s320/J+B+Jayaretnam+contested+Anson.jpg" width="243" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;(J. B. Jeyaretnam won Anson by-election in 1981)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/15158444-5764418254799007857?l=navalants.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://navalants.blogspot.com/feeds/5764418254799007857/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=15158444&amp;postID=5764418254799007857' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/15158444/posts/default/5764418254799007857'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/15158444/posts/default/5764418254799007857'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://navalants.blogspot.com/2011/08/into-election-years-of-nation-building.html' title='Into the election years of nation building 1968-1981'/><author><name>.......</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06584661018093389655</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-SEaUb__w4sM/Tddj409tkNI/AAAAAAAACN0/a45odZZdHnM/s72-c/Toh+Chin+Chye+visited+kampong+in+Rochor.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-15158444.post-176626141802774133</id><published>2011-08-12T12:46:00.023+08:00</published><updated>2011-08-12T12:46:00.466+08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='once upon a time'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='general election'/><title type='text'>The many “firsts” in Singapore general elections in the turbulent years 1955-1968</title><content type='html'>Almost unthinkable before 7 May 2011 (GE 2011), that possibility became real on 19 May, 12 days after the polling day, as the key state man himself left the meeting room and called it a day. The day marked the last Cabinet meeting that Minister Mentor Lee Kuan Yew, 87, would attend. It was nearly 52 years after he chaired his first cabinet meeting with strong will and determination to break away from the British government. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-SHtj6pDVuic/TddRm00qvtI/AAAAAAAACNA/C7EgmA8qOPI/s1600/last+cabinet+meeting+for+LKY.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="213" j8="true" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-SHtj6pDVuic/TddRm00qvtI/AAAAAAAACNA/C7EgmA8qOPI/s320/last+cabinet+meeting+for+LKY.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;(The last cabinet meeting 10 days after GE 2011 for MM Lee in his near 52 years political career. 2011)&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-X2tNymx-SeM/TdisCgKelcI/AAAAAAAACO8/lRQxfCtqU_0/s1600/new+cabinet.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="226" j8="true" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-X2tNymx-SeM/TdisCgKelcI/AAAAAAAACO8/lRQxfCtqU_0/s320/new+cabinet.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;(The new cabinet sworn in on 21 May 2011)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Lee Kuan Yew was painfully aware that the Japanese as well as the British, as foreigners, had no right to govern his people. He therefore resolved to make Singapore independent and free from foreign rule. He described the impact of the Japanese occupation on his future:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;&lt;em&gt;I did not enter politics. The Japanese brought politics to me. … The Japanese occupying forces were blind and brutal and made me, and a whole generation like me, in Singapore and Malaya, work for freedom— freedom from servitude and foreign domination. We decided that from then on our lives should be ours to decide, that we should not be the pawn and playthings of foreign powers.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;-- Alex Josey, ‘Lee Kuan Yew’, 1968&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Singapore was a British colony since 1819. After World War II, a strong wave of independence swept across the globe. British knew that it could no longer hold the crown of Malaya and progressively relieved the power back to the locals. The first legislative assembly election for Singapore was held in 1955 and defined an entire new era of Singapore. Locals would share executive power with the colonial authorities and there would be a Chief Minister among elected legislators. This first national election had 25 seats. Lee Kuan Yew was the elected candidate for Tanjong Pagar. This made him the longest serving member in the parliament. Total voters: 300,199. PAP fielded 4 candidates and won 3.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-7g8834lxTUM/S77xyXvh9UI/AAAAAAAABio/FJcfpWP9QWw/s1600/LKY%2527s+visit+1950s.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="220" j8="true" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-7g8834lxTUM/S77xyXvh9UI/AAAAAAAABio/FJcfpWP9QWw/s320/LKY%2527s+visit+1950s.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;(Lee Kuan Yew, elected MP for Tanjong Pagar who visited 鹤山会馆，Neil Road. c.1955)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;After 1955, legislators led by the Labour Front (LF) government continued to push for more autonomy. With the successful negotiation between the British and Singapore lawmakers, Singapore was granted full self-government in 1958. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The legislative assembly election 1959 was a fully-elected legislature in new self-governance Singapore. Appointed seats were abolished. All seats were for election and compulsory voting. Chief Minister Lim Yew Hock, who succeeded David Marshall after the latter resigned in 1957, used extreme measures to suppress the leftists, causing the ground to turn against him. PAP won a landslide victory to form a new government. Opposition leader Lee Kuan Yew became the first Prime Minister of Singapore. Total voters: 586,098. PAP contested in all 51 seats and won 43. 54.1% of total votes’ shares.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-aD3C6MCWUI8/TddehL_65wI/AAAAAAAACNc/HRK2iVyTanM/s1600/31_Swearing+in+of+LKY-by+Lai+Kui+Fang.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="245" j8="true" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-aD3C6MCWUI8/TddehL_65wI/AAAAAAAACNc/HRK2iVyTanM/s320/31_Swearing+in+of+LKY-by+Lai+Kui+Fang.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;(Swearing in of Lee Kuan Yew in&amp;nbsp;1959. Drawn by Lai Kui Fang and unveiled in&amp;nbsp;1992)&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The death of PAP Assembly Member Baharuddin Mohammed Ariff precipitated the by-election in 1961. The victory of former LF Chief Minister David Marshall, now Workers’ Party (WP) chief, symbolised WP's first presence in the legislature.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-hyhExKeCoGM/Tddeo0isoQI/AAAAAAAACNg/GqqfrS9bu_Y/s1600/davidmarshall.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="320" j8="true" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-hyhExKeCoGM/Tddeo0isoQI/AAAAAAAACNg/GqqfrS9bu_Y/s320/davidmarshall.jpg" width="268" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;(David Marshall (1908-1995). The former Chief Minister from Labour Front. He founded Workers' Party in 1957)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The legislative assembly election 1963 held five days after Singapore's merger with Malaysia. It was probably the most hard-fought election in PAP history. Before that, the PAP government launched Operation Coldstore on 2 February 1963 and detained more than 100 Barisan Sosialis (BS) members, including several key BS leaders such as Lim Chin Siong, Fong Swee Suan, Dominic Puthucheary, Lim Hock Siew and Poh Soo Kai. BS Leader Lee Siew Chor contested PAP's Toh Chin Chye in Rochor Constituency and lost by&amp;nbsp;a thin&amp;nbsp;margin of 89 votes.&amp;nbsp;It is still the "thinnest"&amp;nbsp;record&amp;nbsp;up to today.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-0FWdg4U8qM4/TGK4g90gdtI/AAAAAAAABtc/9T7x54TqulM/s1600/Majulah+Malaysia+1963.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="294" j8="true" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-0FWdg4U8qM4/TGK4g90gdtI/AAAAAAAABtc/9T7x54TqulM/s320/Majulah+Malaysia+1963.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;(Singapore celebrated merger with Malaysia, 16 September 1963)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-a2oErmcM0bE/THS7ppWyvsI/AAAAAAAABt4/zKejt6xxwAM/s1600/LKY+crying.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="229" j8="true" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-a2oErmcM0bE/THS7ppWyvsI/AAAAAAAABt4/zKejt6xxwAM/s320/LKY+crying.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;(2 years later, Lee Kuan Yew announced Singapore as a independent republic, 9 August 1965)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Sole WP Assembly Member David Marshall resigned from the party he founded and became the only independent. Thereafter, the PAP government passed a law stipulating that legislators who resign or are expelled from the parties they were elected under would lose their seats. This law had almost thrown out Chiam See Tong in 1996 when he was expelled by SDP that he founded. Total voters: 617,650. PAP contested in all 51 seats and won 37. BS contested in 46 seats and won 13. WP contested in 3 seats and lost all. PAP: 46.9%. BS: 37.1%.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;On 16 September 1963, Singapore, together with Sabah and Sarawak, joined the Federation of Malaysia. PAP contested 9 seats in the 1964 Malaysia GE. Although only Devan Nair (became Singapore President in 1981) won the election in Bangsar Constituency, it aggregated the friction between the Singapore state's leaders and Malaysia's UMNO-led governing Alliance coalition.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-BNp4eynoo2Q/TGuLaINQY5I/AAAAAAAABtw/Bu0RwnZ8CEw/s1600/PAP+at+KL+election+rally+22+Mar+1964.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="130" j8="true" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-BNp4eynoo2Q/TGuLaINQY5I/AAAAAAAABtw/Bu0RwnZ8CEw/s320/PAP+at+KL+election+rally+22+Mar+1964.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;(PAP rally in Kuala Lumpur, 1964)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Within two short turbulent years, escalating differences between the local PAP administration and the Federation government arrived at an irreconcilable stage. On 9 August 1965, the Singapore state was expelled from Malaysia to become an independent Republic. The Legislative Assembly was renamed Parliament. Since then, PAP continues to win every GE, each time returned power with an overwhelming majority.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-mlXwFtzPekk/TbADMVtXhjI/AAAAAAAACL4/KtTa8hY7ips/s1600/union.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="320" j8="true" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-mlXwFtzPekk/TbADMVtXhjI/AAAAAAAACL4/KtTa8hY7ips/s320/union.png" width="298" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;(BS was formed in 1961. The eventual&amp;nbsp;leaders on the eve of international labour day.&amp;nbsp;1960)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-HXEFMpYKFSU/TbAC9b3dm5I/AAAAAAAACLo/Bt-Ao58DcTc/s1600/Barisan_protest_death_of_democracy_Singapore+on+Oct+8%252C+1966+utside+Parliament+House%252C+Ong+Lian+Teng+second+from+left.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="214" j8="true" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-HXEFMpYKFSU/TbAC9b3dm5I/AAAAAAAACLo/Bt-Ao58DcTc/s320/Barisan_protest_death_of_democracy_Singapore+on+Oct+8%252C+1966+utside+Parliament+House%252C+Ong+Lian+Teng+second+from+left.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;(BS walked out from the Parliament. 1966)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Following the resignations of 11 BS MPs and departure of two BS MPs from Singapore to escape the Internal Security Department in 1966, the legislature was left with only PAP MPs. BS boycotted the first Singapore parliament GE 1968 and several opposition parties supported its call. This proved to be a costly mistake as reflected by&amp;nbsp;leader Lee Siew Choh in the later years.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-h_x6SSd-BZY/S_zrUSdxACI/AAAAAAAABlg/tjJwBBWgpV4/s1600/lee+siew+choh.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" j8="true" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-h_x6SSd-BZY/S_zrUSdxACI/AAAAAAAABlg/tjJwBBWgpV4/s1600/lee+siew+choh.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;(Lee Siew Choh. Costly mistakes for walked out from parliament in 1966 and boycotted GE 1968)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;The results of GE1968 set three precedents&amp;nbsp;- the least number of seats contested in a GE, the first time PAP was returned to power on nomination day and the first time it won all seats to return a pure one-party legislature. Eligible voters: 759,367 from 58 constituencies. Voters in 51 walkover constituencies: 674,484 (88.8%). Total voters in 7 contested constituencies: 84,883 (11.2%). WP fielded 2 candidates and lost all. PAP: 86.7%. WP: 13.2%.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/15158444-176626141802774133?l=navalants.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://navalants.blogspot.com/feeds/176626141802774133/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=15158444&amp;postID=176626141802774133' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/15158444/posts/default/176626141802774133'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/15158444/posts/default/176626141802774133'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://navalants.blogspot.com/2011/08/many-firsts-in-singapore-general.html' title='The many “firsts” in Singapore general elections in the turbulent years 1955-1968'/><author><name>.......</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06584661018093389655</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-SHtj6pDVuic/TddRm00qvtI/AAAAAAAACNA/C7EgmA8qOPI/s72-c/last+cabinet+meeting+for+LKY.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-15158444.post-8351934393701289910</id><published>2011-08-05T12:24:00.015+08:00</published><updated>2011-08-05T12:24:02.129+08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='once upon a time'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='general election'/><title type='text'>At the verge of Singapore history - GE2011</title><content type='html'>GE 2011 is a significant milestone in Singapore’s political arena. Workers’ Party won an unbreakable GRC (Aljunied) and sent PAP to an emotional ground. George Yeo served in various capacities as a Cabinet Minister in MITA, Health, MTI and MFA for 23 years and was being seen as unorthodox to PAP through his various speeches. He was a wise man and full of wisdom. However, this was not enough to protect him from being booted out by the Aljunied voters.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-cDBvuKyGJRw/TddRtwv-JmI/AAAAAAAACNE/5SBaej92NfM/s1600/George+yeo+packed+to+leave+office+-+ST_IMAGES_GEORGE17.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="240" j8="true" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-cDBvuKyGJRw/TddRtwv-JmI/AAAAAAAACNE/5SBaej92NfM/s320/George+yeo+packed+to+leave+office+-+ST_IMAGES_GEORGE17.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;(George Yeo packing up in his foreign affair office - facebook 2011)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;One week after GE, both MM and SM decided to quit the cabinet, citing that GE2011 was a watershed for Singapore, and they have to let the younger generation to take charge. I have great respect&amp;nbsp;for MM Lee who brought us to a state where we could stand up for Singapore with strong pride. Similarly, I have great respect&amp;nbsp;for SM Goh who opened up the society with his consultative approach. However, I also embrace a political system that should be fully taken charged by the PM without strong burden from the legacy. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-73f-8qiDArM/TddRwGFHApI/AAAAAAAACNI/edFtqqiaHhI/s1600/Lee+kuan+yew+and+Goh+Chok+Tong.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="218" j8="true" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-73f-8qiDArM/TddRwGFHApI/AAAAAAAACNI/edFtqqiaHhI/s320/Lee+kuan+yew+and+Goh+Chok+Tong.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;(MM Lee and SM Goh decided to quit the cabinet one week after polling day of GE 2011)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Why did George Yeo and his formidable team lose in Aljunied GRC? George Yeo gave his post-mortem analysis:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;“Mr Low Thia Khiang himself said that they won Aljunied not because the Aljunied team did not do a good job, but because the voters wanted WP to be their voice in Parliament.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;Mr Low's analysis is fair and I agree with him. This desire for a strong WP voice in parliament was a political tide which came in through Aljunied which we were unable to withstand despite our very best efforts. Right from the start, the Workers party made Aljunied a national battleground.” &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Lim Hwee Hua (second minister for finance and transport&amp;nbsp;in George Yeo’s team) admitted she was surprised that the PAP team garnered only 46 per cent of votes, an almost 10 percentage-point drop from 2006: &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;“We spent the last five years working hard, trying to understand... what the problems were, what the deficiencies were and to address those... It is a surprise for us that the resentment and unhappiness is so deep.”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In a separate interview by The New Paper,&amp;nbsp;she was quoted as saying that she felt upset that her ‘15 long years of service’ in Aljunied GRC didn’t seem to count much as residents had no qualms sending her packing home.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Lee Kuan Yew still believed that respect of the old glories would turn into votes for PAP after 50 years of self-governance. Hence, he was possibly inferring that voters were irrational. He gave his first assessment one day after GE that the younger generation&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;&lt;em&gt; “does not remember from whence we came…That is to be expected. But I do and those amongst you who are older than 50 will remember.”&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Emotion is part of the GE games in the whole world. Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong urged the electorate to &lt;em&gt;&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;“calm down, and detach yourself, think carefully before you vote&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt; prior to the election.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A day after PM apologized for the mistakes that the government had made during a lunchtime rally, he spoke to the media: &lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;&lt;em&gt;"We considered carefully and I thought this was a suitable message to Singaporeans at this stage of the campaign, to focus minds on the key issues.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;&lt;em&gt;"One set of key issues is the policies, housing, healthcare and so on. The other set is the politics of it and the emotional connection, which is very important, between the government and the people. So I thought the lunchtime rally at Boat Quay is a good occasion to address these points."&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Initially this apology appeared to be artificial because it only surfaced when PAP sensed that the mass had been drifting away from PAP during the&amp;nbsp;election campaign. However, I&amp;nbsp;appreciated the sincerity of PM Lee after he announced his new cabinets within ten days after the election although the net effect has yet to be seen. He showed the exit signs to Wong Kan Seng, Mah Bow Tan and Raymond Lim who should be accounted for the lapses in homeland security, housing and transport policies.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-SHtj6pDVuic/TddRm00qvtI/AAAAAAAACNA/C7EgmA8qOPI/s1600/last+cabinet+meeting+for+LKY.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="213" j8="true" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-SHtj6pDVuic/TddRm00qvtI/AAAAAAAACNA/C7EgmA8qOPI/s320/last+cabinet+meeting+for+LKY.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;(The last cabinet meeting held 10 days after polling day to thank the outgoing ministers. 2011)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;PAP's systematic use of fear as a strategy to silence critics was so successful that it had become a permanent feature of the Singapore political landscape. But the climate of GE 2011 was far from fearful. Lee Kuan Yew chose to use the same tactic on Aljunied GRC, threatened the voters and humiliated the opposition:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;&lt;em&gt;"If you are in Aljunied, ask yourself: do you want one MP, one non-constituency MP, one celebrity, two unknowns, to look after you? Or, have two ministers, one Speaker of Parliament, one very good ground worker (Ong Ye Kung) and Cynthia Phua to look after the place?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;&lt;em&gt;"What will happen to your property values and your own comfort, the drains and mosquitoes and so on in the five years? You have this celebrity, he has been away 30 years, he comes back, how does he connect with us? &lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;&lt;em&gt;"It may well happen. If they win, in which case, the people of Aljunied live with the results. The only way people learn is when they have to pay a price."&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Lee Kuan Yew openly declared that losing Aljunied would not be a major setback. &lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;&lt;em&gt;“If Aljunied decides to go that way, well Aljunied has five years to live and repent.” &lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Goh Chok Tong was the only cabinet minister supported George Yeo strongly at all cost:&lt;em&gt;&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt; "If one GRC is lost, as Minister Mentor (Lee Kuan Yew) said, we can accept the result. I agree with that. Sooner or later we are going to lose one. But my view if we lose Aljunied, that is a different matter……What mistake has he made? You can take a minister and criticise him for not delivering on perhaps housing and transport. Like Wong Kan Seng you can say he let Mas Selamat escape. George Yeo, what has he done to deserve this?"&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Between Goh Chok Tong and Lee Kuan Yew, they have at least one strategy in common. Goh Chok Tong adopted the same “price-tag” approach to discredit the opposition. In less than a week after proclaiming that he would not comment on candidates outside his GRC, he made a U-turn and launched a sarcastic criticism of his former principal private secretary (PPS) Tan Jee Say:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;&lt;em&gt;“He was an able, hardworking PPS, but I did not think he would make it as a Permanent Secretary.”&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;PM was quick to sense that the fear factor did not work well in connecting with people anymore and he had his personal fear arising from such fear tactic as well. He feared that such threatening approach would generate a negative impact on PAP nationwide. He also felt that the impact generated from Lee Kuan Yew was likely to be far greater than Goh Chok Tong. Hence, he responded immediately to distant himself by declaring that Lee (KY) and Lee (HL) were different entities. Each of them entitled to their own view. However, his father’s view was not his view. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In the days leading up to the election, the emergence of a large group of internet savvy’s Singaporeans articulated their minds fearlessly in the social media. They even showed open, bold support for the opposition. Their confidence seemed infectious, spreading quickly among the people.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In the space of just a few years, the various opposition parties had clearly undergone a remarkable transformation, producing candidates to match any PAP team in their professional credentials. In the nine-day campaigning period, they had drilled into people’s heart and soul and improved their respective public standing. Indeed, the Workers' Party had risen to be a star so much so that the PAP had to do last-minute scrambling to come up with new campaign strategies. After the election, PAP has to do soul searching and acknowledge that the party was inflexible with outdated style of connection with the mass. They have to engage citizens in policy making and treated citizens with better care from now on. Most importantly, I wish to see the new government managing the country with heart and respecting the dignity of our citizens, not a profit making's&amp;nbsp;Singapore Inc.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-X2tNymx-SeM/TdisCgKelcI/AAAAAAAACO8/lRQxfCtqU_0/s1600/new+cabinet.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="226" j8="true" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-X2tNymx-SeM/TdisCgKelcI/AAAAAAAACO8/lRQxfCtqU_0/s320/new+cabinet.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;（A shrink of new cabinet from 21 down to 15 ministers. 2011)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;As George Yeo put it, the need for the PAP to review the way it governs was an issue. He raised it on the last day of the nine-day campaign. With Singaporeans feeling “considerable resentment” towards the ruling party and its policies, it needed to listen harder, and to take into account people's unease over the pace of change driven by globalization.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;&lt;em&gt;“From time to time, it's important to shake the box, because whatever system you set up after a while becomes so predictable that it doesn't capture all the feedback that it needs to have….So a certain shaking of the box is required from time to time — and this is such a time.”&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;He acknowledged that he was “often a minority voice” in the “broad church” (the PAP). And he used the word PAP has to “transform”, not “reform”.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-LJxEpO0WaB8/TddR4hCC3rI/AAAAAAAACNU/D_aaGNzf3V4/s1600/WP+win+Aljunied.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="160" j8="true" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-LJxEpO0WaB8/TddR4hCC3rI/AAAAAAAACNU/D_aaGNzf3V4/s320/WP+win+Aljunied.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;(The WP team for Aljunied GRC. 2011)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In deed George Yeo was unfortunate that he was positioned in Aljunied right at the crest of the tide. With his departure from the cabinet scene, MM and SM also issued a joint statement to leave the cabinet. In their short statement, the words "young" and "younger" have been used 6 times.&amp;nbsp;It&amp;nbsp;sent a strong signal that between MM, SM and the nation,&amp;nbsp;generation gap and&amp;nbsp;out-dated style of connection&amp;nbsp;co-existed. They chose to retire from the cabinet scene would allow the PM to fully take charge.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;&lt;em&gt;We have studied the new political situation and thought how it can affect the future. We have made our contributions to the development of Singapore. The time has come for a younger generation to carry Singapore forward in a more difficult and complex situation. The Prime Minister and his team of younger leaders should have a fresh clean slate. A younger generation, besides having a non-corrupt and meritocratic government and a high standard of living, wants to be more engaged in the decisions which affect them. After a watershed general election, we have decided to leave the cabinet and have a completely younger team of ministers to connect to and engage with this young generation in shaping the future of our Singapore.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;&lt;em&gt;But the younger team must always have in mind the interests of the older generation. This generation who has contributed to Singapore must be well-looked after.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;GE2011&amp;nbsp;also brought some burning questions&amp;nbsp;at the verge of modern Singapore history, such as: &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;- Did Singapore really provide equal opportunities to each Singaporeans? How had it been done?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;- How did government relate to men on the street? More dialogue sessions = better communication?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;- Should Singapore Inc. be abolished? What are the replacements?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;- How to rewind the time by 50 years to inject heartware and humanware into PAP politics?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;-Why should SM system exist? (Both MM and SM had decided to embrace the young by quitting the cabinet). &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;-Where is PAP heading towards in the next 5 years? (Based on all the ministerial announcements, it seems that embracing the power of the people will be the direction for policy making in order to win back the hearts of Singaporeans). &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;-On a minor scale (Marine Parade GRC), what were the impact of Ling versus Ling and new social media on the election outcome? (Goh Chok Tong claimed that&amp;nbsp;Ling versus Ling&amp;nbsp;had an impact on votes. But the Ling’s impact alone should not be so great to drag the&amp;nbsp;Marine Parade GRC&amp;nbsp;votes’ shares to below national average.)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-XOvXnetdm_I/TddR2HxGBfI/AAAAAAAACNQ/JeylG3Crnic/s1600/tin_pei_ling_vs_nicole_seah-thumbnail.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="176" j8="true" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-XOvXnetdm_I/TddR2HxGBfI/AAAAAAAACNQ/JeylG3Crnic/s320/tin_pei_ling_vs_nicole_seah-thumbnail.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;(Ling versus Ling - PAP Ting Pui Ling and NSP Nicole Seah Xue Ling. 2011)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;-How would WP and opposition parties capitalize on the current tide? (One week after GE, Sylvia Lim resigned from her Tamasek Polytechnic lecturer post&amp;nbsp;and sought for flexible job so that she could devote more time to Aljunied GRC. She refused to be a full time MP, probably a full time MP would&amp;nbsp;set too high a standard for the future WP candidates to step forward).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;-Why should GRC exist?&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/15158444-8351934393701289910?l=navalants.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://navalants.blogspot.com/feeds/8351934393701289910/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=15158444&amp;postID=8351934393701289910' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/15158444/posts/default/8351934393701289910'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/15158444/posts/default/8351934393701289910'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://navalants.blogspot.com/2011/08/at-verge-of-singapore-history-ge2011.html' title='At the verge of Singapore history - GE2011'/><author><name>.......</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06584661018093389655</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-cDBvuKyGJRw/TddRtwv-JmI/AAAAAAAACNE/5SBaej92NfM/s72-c/George+yeo+packed+to+leave+office+-+ST_IMAGES_GEORGE17.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-15158444.post-2182968866966182474</id><published>2011-07-29T12:48:00.015+08:00</published><updated>2011-07-29T12:48:00.752+08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='once upon a time'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='general election'/><title type='text'>当年轻离我而去</title><content type='html'>GE2011（7 May 2011）已经落幕。前外交部长杨荣文（George Yeo）黯然退出政坛前，不忘以他独有的大智大慧与世界宏观，语重声长地提出PAP必须转型，并且恭祝工人党刘程强与他的团队凭着明知山有虎，偏向虎山行的大无畏精神，攻下PAP的堡垒--集选区。刘程强胜得光明，杨荣文输得磊落，赢得新加坡选民赞赏。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://navalants.blogspot.com/2011/05/5-5-52011-ge.html"&gt;http://navalants.blogspot.com/2011/05/5-5-52011-ge.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-BWwdLfALQrA/Tddx5xgD2fI/AAAAAAAACOY/WjLqpQ6xWXA/s1600/George+yeo+and+aljunied+team.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="142" j8="true" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-BWwdLfALQrA/Tddx5xgD2fI/AAAAAAAACOY/WjLqpQ6xWXA/s320/George+yeo+and+aljunied+team.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;(杨荣文风度翩翩，坦然面对失败， 被尊称为可敬的对手。2011）&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;人生顺流逆流，不是成就是败，惆怅之余，无需以PAP一贯的思想形态，通过成败来论英雄。回首杨荣文之败，是败于时局大势，败于一股无法抵挡的时代洪流，非战之败。时势造就了楚霸王，时势也使他面对四面楚歌，有史可循。杨荣文之败，其实也是一个新时代的开始，使执政52年的PAP重新审核施政方针，寻找更具人性的良知之路，一时的失败也许是更长远的成功，风物长宜放眼量。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-gDMqizsL0d8/TddyBXipVBI/AAAAAAAACOg/MSzlmI9xh3I/s1600/PM+Lee+announced+the+new+lineup.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="213" j8="true" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-gDMqizsL0d8/TddyBXipVBI/AAAAAAAACOg/MSzlmI9xh3I/s320/PM+Lee+announced+the+new+lineup.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;（李显龙总理在竞选结束十天内宣布大刀阔斧后的新内阁。2011）&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;杨荣文面对落选的心态与转身的瞬间是那么的优雅从容，举重若轻，大将之风，魅力无可抵挡。刘程强领军工人党，站在历史的浪尖，淡定自在，体现了新加坡政治历史新篇章的君子风范。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;工人党赢得6个国会议席，加上两个非国会议席，8人团队是平衡两党政治的前奏，我希望日后回望，2011是个真正的转折点，是个满园春色关不住，一枝红杏出墙来，开创真正民主的新加坡的新纪元。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-Xo2qSPVwytw/TcVk_w4nfRI/AAAAAAAACM8/g_UG1RkD_xo/s1600/Serangoon_Stadium-image.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="107" j8="true" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-Xo2qSPVwytw/TcVk_w4nfRI/AAAAAAAACM8/g_UG1RkD_xo/s320/Serangoon_Stadium-image.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;（WP最后一晚竞选集会，三万人陪着刘程强走出后港，挤爆Serangoon Stadium。2011)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-YSS_MsI_IFA/TcVkixr3yQI/AAAAAAAACMk/LCin2Lsct4Q/s1600/05052011425.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="240" j8="true" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-YSS_MsI_IFA/TcVkixr3yQI/AAAAAAAACMk/LCin2Lsct4Q/s320/05052011425.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;（为民主欢呼，Serangoon Stadium。2011）&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;GE后的一个星期内，阿裕尼团队的部长级人马杨荣文、陈惠华（Lim Hwee Hua）和再诺（Zainul Abidin Rasheed ）相继宣布不再参加来届选举，两位内阁元老李光耀资政和吴作栋资政也发表联合声明，退出内阁，为新加坡独特的资政体制划下句点。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;We have studied the new political situation and thought how it can affect the future. We have made our contributions to the development of Singapore. The time has come for a younger generation to carry Singapore forward in a more difficult and complex situation. The Prime Minister and his team of younger leaders should have a fresh clean slate. A younger generation, besides having a non-corrupt and meritocratic government and a high standard of living, wants to be more engaged in the decisions which affect them. After a watershed general election, we have decided to leave the cabinet and have a completely younger team of ministers to connect to and engage with this young generation in shaping the future of our Singapore.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;But the younger team must always have in mind the interests of the older generation. This generation who has contributed to Singapore must be well-looked after.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;短短的联合声明总共用了6个年轻（young, younger）的字眼，可见两位资政已经意识到家长式的管理作风已经成为过去，如果持续下去，大家都不可能改变对方，只能加深两代人之间的鸿沟。长江后浪推前浪，继往开来，最好还是放手。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-73f-8qiDArM/TddRwGFHApI/AAAAAAAACNI/edFtqqiaHhI/s1600/Lee+kuan+yew+and+Goh+Chok+Tong.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="218" j8="true" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-73f-8qiDArM/TddRwGFHApI/AAAAAAAACNI/edFtqqiaHhI/s320/Lee+kuan+yew+and+Goh+Chok+Tong.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;（李光耀资政与吴作栋资政明白到代沟的事实，决定退出内阁，完全放手。2011）&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;李光耀是开国功臣，他和他的第一代团队打造新加坡，我对他们第一代人的领导贡献，给予我们一个国、一个家、许多梦想和希望心存感激，无限尊敬，虽然对他的行事作风未必苟同。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://navalants.blogspot.com/2010/08/1-of-3.html"&gt;http://navalants.blogspot.com/2010/08/1-of-3.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://navalants.blogspot.com/2010/08/2-of-3.html"&gt;http://navalants.blogspot.com/2010/08/2-of-3.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://navalants.blogspot.com/2010/08/3-of-4.html"&gt;http://navalants.blogspot.com/2010/08/3-of-4.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://navalants.blogspot.com/2010/08/4-of-4.html"&gt;http://navalants.blogspot.com/2010/08/4-of-4.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;李光耀经历过殖民地时代的斗争，斗士精神已经成为他的血液。对反对党施加强硬的手段是他的一贯作风：&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;“If we had considered them serious political figures, we would not have kept them politically alive for so long. We could have bankrupted them earlier.”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;- Lee Kuan Yew on political opposition, Straits Times, Sept 14，2003&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;在竞选期间，李光耀对阿裕尼选民发表“懊悔论”，说输了一个集选区没什么大不了，但是阿裕尼选民在接下来的五年将会懊悔不已。他这番话不晓得是故意使杨荣文出局还是帮倒忙，输了阿裕尼后隔天在Tanjong Pagar的集会上，他表示选民已经忘了过去五十年我们是怎么活过来的。他认为年长者还有感恩之心，年轻人则对新加坡一路走来一步一惊心的过去一无所知。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;在五十年后的新加坡，这种李氏斗争式的手法早已不合时宜，或许李光耀一直活在唯唯诺诺的内阁团队中，没有人敢唱反调，才会使他认为过去的功绩可以使PAP永远长青，忽略了盛唐也有式微的一天。我们平民百姓在职场打拼，在家养儿育女，都很清楚在e-时代，有识之士不受气、年轻人不受教这个大时代变化的事实。跟他们相处之道在于平心静气地交流沟通，甚至agree on disagreed，否则离家出走，远走高飞，寻找一片属于他们的蓝天，吃亏的是自己。至于五十岁以上的年长人士（我刚好迈入此年龄层）正因为感恩而更不希望政府失去从政的良知，新加坡从此走上不归路。李光耀大智大勇，不可能后知后觉，不了解时局大势，或许只能说背后还有底牌，至于底牌是针对行动党内部还是对外，当局者清。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Xrj_SmRQ6bk/TdirNmzTDzI/AAAAAAAACO4/_LEhK1rFlzQ/s1600/WP+team+of+MP+and+NCMP.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="194" j8="true" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Xrj_SmRQ6bk/TdirNmzTDzI/AAAAAAAACO4/_LEhK1rFlzQ/s320/WP+team+of+MP+and+NCMP.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;（选民选择以资深议员刘程强领军的WP党员进入国会，希望窗外有蓝天。2011）&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;吴作栋时代最大的贡献是“解放”新加坡，让新加坡享有较大的言论自由。我十分尊敬吴作栋的软实力，通过言论改革为国家带来较大的磋商的空间。但尊敬归尊敬，吴作栋以经济学家的手法治国，打造Singapore Inc.，同时把政治理想与人民的心态带入功利化的层次，失去宏观的视野，这是我对吴作栋年代的肺腑感言。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;吴作栋处于夹心层，从政之路一步一惊心。在1984年的国庆群众大会上，被当时的总理李光耀公开点名当老二，在陈庆炎之后；如果不是王鼎昌英文能力不足，丹那巴南是印度人，可能排名更往下滑，接任总理好像是捡回来似的。1990年吴作栋接任总理后，隔年立刻解散国会，寻求“强有力的委托”，可是事与愿违，选票往下滑，还失去了Bukit Batok 和义顺单选区。一年后他再以自己的Marine Parade GRC来寻求委托，引进张志贤，借选民之手来加强自己的信心与政治筹码。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-5TUT1jHzUl4/TddrjQ5LSuI/AAAAAAAACOE/6_m8DYlJvd8/s1600/Ong+Teng+Cheong+and+Lim+Chee+Onn.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="184" j8="true" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-5TUT1jHzUl4/TddrjQ5LSuI/AAAAAAAACOE/6_m8DYlJvd8/s320/Ong+Teng+Cheong+and+Lim+Chee+Onn.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;（李光耀秘密询问他的政治秘书对吴作栋、陈庆炎、王鼎昌、林子安和丹那巴南的评价。他宣布吴作栋是老二。c.1984）&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;接下来1997和2001两次选举，吴作栋都以屋子政治当筹码，把选举推入低档的私欲层次，选民的思想变得肤浅，自身利益的考量高于一切，吴作栋还为在任的最后一届（2001）夺得75%高支持率而沾沾自喜。2004年李显龙接手总理，面对的是遗留下来的功利主义的摊子。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;GE2011， 吴作栋挺爱将杨荣文，不惜牺牲黄根成、马宝山等人，说黄根成管不好Mas Selamat，马宝山管不好住屋，他们都可以输，但是杨荣文何罪之有？这番话引起黄根成的不满，直面反驳，似乎发生内讧。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-He0sk0-yCog/TddyE2GKMoI/AAAAAAAACOk/doeNWUGevHg/s1600/Wong+Kan+Seng%252C+Mah+Bow+Tan%252C+Raymond+Lim+retired.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="191" j8="true" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-He0sk0-yCog/TddyE2GKMoI/AAAAAAAACOk/doeNWUGevHg/s320/Wong+Kan+Seng%252C+Mah+Bow+Tan%252C+Raymond+Lim+retired.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;（黄根成、马宝山、林双吉，从内阁出局。2011）&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;吴作栋也使出李光耀一贯的手法，刻意贬低竞争对手，矛头指向他的前首席秘书，在SDP旗帜下参选的陈如斯，言语之间影射陈如斯不过尔尔，连当政治秘书都没资格。他似乎已经忘记1984年詹时中与马宝山在Potong Pasir对弈的结果。当时PAP重量级挺马宝山，说马宝山的O-level考获7科A，詹时中只得7科B，结果弄巧反挫，选票转向詹时中。后来詹时中更正说他只考获5科及格，还必须重考英文，但是他没有放弃梦想，最终成为执业律师。他这一番激励的忠言，赢得大家的尊敬。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;至于吴作栋自己的选区，得票56%，低过PAP的全国平均率（60%），他埋怨是年轻的“玲玲”效应惹得祸（NSP的佘雪玲， 24岁；PAP的陈佩玲，27岁），我倒觉得更大的问号是堂堂吴资政怎么只可能栽在“玲玲”手中而对整个大环境无动于衷？&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-XOvXnetdm_I/TddR2HxGBfI/AAAAAAAACNQ/JeylG3Crnic/s1600/tin_pei_ling_vs_nicole_seah-thumbnail.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="176" j8="true" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-XOvXnetdm_I/TddR2HxGBfI/AAAAAAAACNQ/JeylG3Crnic/s320/tin_pei_ling_vs_nicole_seah-thumbnail.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;（丁佩玲与佘雪玲，玲-玲效应拉低PAP在马林百列GRC的选票？）&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;从民主的进程来说，人的思想必须经历过大起大落才能提升到另一层次。组屋提升热潮过后，大家的脑袋变得清醒，不为名利所动，而是为了更长远的未来，这是给百万政府的挑战。套用政府常说的话，不要把一切当成是理所当然的。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;必须翻起多年前一则小经历，但对我影响良深的心路。1992年在纽西兰南岛Fairlie 的一个农村小住时，牧羊人教导我赶羊的要领是照顾跑在最后的那头羊，确保它不会掉队。虽然落在后头的那头羊会拖慢羊群的节奏，但是如果置之不理，每回牧羊都会有跑在最后的一头羊，到头来羊群四分五裂，越来越单薄，羊群就散了。.....&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;新加坡在PAP带领下，给人的直觉就是专注于那头领头羊，随时准备放弃因跟不上而掉队的那头羊。在中国，知青可以回到二线三线城市，回去农村；新加坡是一个单一城市，没有二线，没有农村，跟不上的那头羊，面对重重压力，何去何从？人心倒向，通过选票来追求民主是不是已经成为新加坡独特的群体公民意识的表达方式？&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-bgBlSEkADSQ/TdfYquAh4FI/AAAAAAAACO0/GIv2AbrZdRY/s1600/Ge+2011+results+-+map.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="226" j8="true" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-bgBlSEkADSQ/TdfYquAh4FI/AAAAAAAACO0/GIv2AbrZdRY/s320/Ge+2011+results+-+map.bmp" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;（后港与阿裕尼落入WP手中，PAP夺回波东巴西。2011）&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-jRcBu3O7M6c/Td0DNDP0KCI/AAAAAAAACPQ/fzSs_YgwuyY/s1600/WP+team+and+LKY.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="214" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-jRcBu3O7M6c/Td0DNDP0KCI/AAAAAAAACPQ/fzSs_YgwuyY/s320/WP+team+and+LKY.jpg" t8="true" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;（一笑泯恩仇？李显龙的新内阁就职典礼，刘程强问邻座的李光耀可否跟WP合照，李光耀答应了，彼此还寒喧几句。2011）&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;放眼滚滚历史洪流，大江东去，浪淘尽千古风流人物。人来人往，一代新人换旧人，的确没什么好唏嘘。我们应该庆幸我们有生之年，竟然能够站在历史大现场，见证一场没有流血、没有冲突，平和实在的民主转型。我们都在人生的过程中尽了一份绵力，促进人类社会的发展，那就足够了。&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/15158444-2182968866966182474?l=navalants.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://navalants.blogspot.com/feeds/2182968866966182474/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=15158444&amp;postID=2182968866966182474' title='1 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/15158444/posts/default/2182968866966182474'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/15158444/posts/default/2182968866966182474'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://navalants.blogspot.com/2011/07/blog-post_29.html' title='当年轻离我而去'/><author><name>.......</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06584661018093389655</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-BWwdLfALQrA/Tddx5xgD2fI/AAAAAAAACOY/WjLqpQ6xWXA/s72-c/George+yeo+and+aljunied+team.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-15158444.post-2391508258936247310</id><published>2011-07-22T12:25:00.030+08:00</published><updated>2011-07-22T12:25:00.880+08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='once upon a time'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='general election'/><title type='text'>Orchid evolution</title><content type='html'>The outcome of Singapore General Election 2011 was termed as watershed which perceived to&amp;nbsp;impact greatly on the future government policies and communication approaches for Singapore. After a cooling period of&amp;nbsp;more than&amp;nbsp;two&amp;nbsp;months after GE, it is now appropriate to look back and capture some essential occurrences that would probably shape the future of Singapore.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-gDMqizsL0d8/TddyBXipVBI/AAAAAAAACOg/MSzlmI9xh3I/s1600/PM+Lee+announced+the+new+lineup.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="213" j8="true" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-gDMqizsL0d8/TddyBXipVBI/AAAAAAAACOg/MSzlmI9xh3I/s320/PM+Lee+announced+the+new+lineup.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;(PM Lee agreed that 2011 GE was a watershed. Government has to review many policies and should refocus on people's concern rather than pure GDP growth. 2011)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;George Yeo and co. lost&amp;nbsp;their battle in Aljunied GRC on May 7.&amp;nbsp;George Yeo pull himself out from the battle field and shared his&amp;nbsp;great holistic wisdom as usual. He&amp;nbsp;saw himself as part of the changing tide and his lost to Workers' Party was not a personal lost. Instead, it was a natural progression of Singapore's &amp;nbsp;version of democracy. He said he&amp;nbsp;loved freedom and&amp;nbsp;would not participate in&amp;nbsp;the future elections. While&amp;nbsp;many Singaporeans&amp;nbsp;mourned for the lost of a capable minister, they also recognised the need for credible opposition members&amp;nbsp;to balance the parliament was an essential step for&amp;nbsp;future Singapore.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-BWwdLfALQrA/Tddx5xgD2fI/AAAAAAAACOY/WjLqpQ6xWXA/s1600/George+yeo+and+aljunied+team.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="142" j8="true" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-BWwdLfALQrA/Tddx5xgD2fI/AAAAAAAACOY/WjLqpQ6xWXA/s320/George+yeo+and+aljunied+team.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;(George Yeo and co. thanked the 44% voters who supported them in Aljunied GRC. 2011)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;GE2011 was seen as another watershed. Watershed not only because of Gen Y were having their taste to cast their first votes, it was also due to the fact that many die-hard pro-PAP supporters&amp;nbsp;had decided to switch their minds to the other side of the camp.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://navalants.blogspot.com/2011/05/5-5-52011-ge.html"&gt;http://navalants.blogspot.com/2011/05/5-5-52011-ge.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Taking&amp;nbsp;a&amp;nbsp;holistic view from&amp;nbsp;the&amp;nbsp;past GEs, I believe 1984 was the first watershed that threatened the&amp;nbsp;PAP's monopoly. PAP used to enjoy more than 70% vote share since independence. However, GE 1984 rocked the boat with about 65%&amp;nbsp;votes and sent PAP back to reality.&amp;nbsp;Since then PAP had been consistently hovering below 65% of total vote share. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Given its history and legacy laid by David Marshall (founder of WP), WP have been strong contester since JB Jayaretnam's first won in Anson by-election dated back in 1981. Since then, there were blips in between but WP was resilience enough to pick themselves up and provided people with credible alternative choices from time to time.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The only exception for PAP was 2001 GE where PAP&amp;nbsp;garnered 75% of the total vote share. For that particular&amp;nbsp;election, PAP returned to power on nomination day. Many constituencies were unchallenged. Goh Chok Tong&amp;nbsp;who opened up Singapore through his exceptional consultative style, continued with his materialism ideology based on economic theories,&amp;nbsp;going along&amp;nbsp;with "asset enhancement"&amp;nbsp;such as local HDB upgrade first articulated in 1997 GE. Voters' minds were masked with selfish intents&amp;nbsp;and chased after paper wealth. The&amp;nbsp;national issues were left aside.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Up to 2011 GE,&amp;nbsp;Goh still felt very proud of this particular GE achievement. However,&amp;nbsp;Singaporeans had moved on to beyond asset enhancement and became more politically awake, thanked to the hard work of some opposition parties and new social media. With such awareness, Goh's Marine Parade GRC could not be spared and could only garner about 56% of the total vote share. It was about 4 percentage&amp;nbsp;point below PAP's average.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-XOvXnetdm_I/TddR2HxGBfI/AAAAAAAACNQ/JeylG3Crnic/s1600/tin_pei_ling_vs_nicole_seah-thumbnail.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="176" j8="true" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-XOvXnetdm_I/TddR2HxGBfI/AAAAAAAACNQ/JeylG3Crnic/s320/tin_pei_ling_vs_nicole_seah-thumbnail.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;(Goh Chok Tong claimed that the Ling-Ling (Ting Pei Ling of PAP, Nicole Seah Xue Ling of NSP) was a major contributing factor&amp;nbsp;in lowering the PAP vote share in Marine Parade GRC. 2011)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Since 1984, there had always been about 1/3 of the&amp;nbsp;voters opposing PAP.&amp;nbsp;They were also careful in choosing the right candidates to bring democracy into Singapore parliament. Given the credible candidates from WP in GE2011, it became very difficult not to give the WP team who contested Aljunied an opportunity to&amp;nbsp;contribute to&amp;nbsp;democratic progression. George Yeo was unfortunate to be positioned in Aljunied GRC to face&amp;nbsp;such tide. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;GRC may well be the ultimate weakness and unfair playing field that caused George Yeo to end his political career prematurely but graciously.&amp;nbsp;At the same time, GRC system brought in some political babies&amp;nbsp;through "safe heaven"&amp;nbsp;from the other&amp;nbsp;PAP&amp;nbsp;wards. GRC seems to me was formed to protect PAP's interest back in 1988 and was like engaging a reverse gear, moving&amp;nbsp;towards anti-democracy. It should not be exist then and it should be abolished now.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-LJxEpO0WaB8/TddR4hCC3rI/AAAAAAAACNU/D_aaGNzf3V4/s1600/WP+win+Aljunied.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="160" j8="true" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-LJxEpO0WaB8/TddR4hCC3rI/AAAAAAAACNU/D_aaGNzf3V4/s320/WP+win+Aljunied.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;(A credible team assembled by WP for Aljunied GRC. 2011)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-bgBlSEkADSQ/TdfYquAh4FI/AAAAAAAACO0/GIv2AbrZdRY/s1600/Ge+2011+results+-+map.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="226" j8="true" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-bgBlSEkADSQ/TdfYquAh4FI/AAAAAAAACO0/GIv2AbrZdRY/s320/Ge+2011+results+-+map.bmp" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;(Hougang SMC and Aljunied GRC went to WP. PAP managed to capture back&amp;nbsp;Potong Pasir from Mrs Chiam with 50.5% vote share after 27 years. 2011)&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;PM Lee Hsien Loong pledged to make changes to the way the PAP government works. As Singapore enters a new chapter in its political development, perhaps the utmost important task for the PAP technocrats, being&amp;nbsp;MPs or ministers, would have to relearn was how to win not just the minds of Singaporeans, but their hearts too. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-g7YCnYjgRhg/Td0CKTRukzI/AAAAAAAACPM/fg262JVN8Ok/s1600/LKY+1959.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="320" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-g7YCnYjgRhg/Td0CKTRukzI/AAAAAAAACPM/fg262JVN8Ok/s320/LKY+1959.jpg" t8="true" width="209" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;(Could PM Lee Hsien Loong's team of technocrats&amp;nbsp;duplicate the heart and soul of Lee Kuan Yew and his team? 1959)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;As an example on nomination day of GE 2011, a crowd of Singaporeans turned up at Deyi Secondary School to cheer their teams, waiting patiently in the field under the sun. After the&amp;nbsp;PAP and&amp;nbsp;WP teams addressed the cheering crowds,&amp;nbsp;they went down to the field to greet supporters.&amp;nbsp;Some PAP candidates being feted and carried aloft by supporters. But the WP team did one thing exceptional.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Low Thia Khiang led his team-mates to the gate of the field. They stood there humbly in line.&amp;nbsp;Under the&amp;nbsp;blazing sun at noon, they shook hands with each supporter streaming out and thanked them one by one. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;That shows with people at hearts. That makes&amp;nbsp;tremendous difference.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(Afternote: A post-election survey conducted by the Institute of Policy Studies has found that there were more swing voters in the latest general election compared to the 2006 election, especially among those in their 40s and seniors aged above 65. ---The Straits Times, July 9, 2011)&lt;br /&gt;PAP's total vote share:&lt;br /&gt;1959: 54.1% (First election - self governing)&lt;br /&gt;1963: 46.9% (Operation Coldstore in Feb 1963 detained more than 100 BS members including the key leaders. Election was held on 21 Sep, 5 days after the merger of Singapore and Malaysia. PAP's Toh Chin Chye defeated BS's Lee Siew Choh in Rochor Constituency by 89 votes)&lt;br /&gt;1968: 86.7% (First election after independence in Aug 1965. Barisan Sosialis boycotted parliament)&lt;br /&gt;1972: 70.4%&lt;br /&gt;1976: 74.1%&lt;br /&gt;1980: 77.7% (2nd industrial revolution- economic restructuring&amp;nbsp;for Singapore. The nation was filled with joy and hope)&lt;br /&gt;1981: Anson by-election. (WP JB Jeyaretnam defeated Pang Kim Hin of PAP. 51.9% )&lt;br /&gt;1984: 64.8% (Graduate mother scheme kicked in. WP JB Jayaretnam defeated Ng Pork Too of PAP in Anson. 56.8%. Chiam See Tong of SDP defeated Mah Bow Tan of PAP in Potong Pasir. 60.3% )&lt;br /&gt;1988: 63.2% (GRC was first implemented. WP team Francis Seow, Lee Siew Choh and co.&amp;nbsp;lost Eunos GRC at very&amp;nbsp;narrow margin. 49.1%)&lt;br /&gt;1991: 61% (Goh Chok Tong called for GE to seek "strong" mandate from Singaporeans afer he took over PM in 1990. Low Thia Khiang of WP defeated Tang Guan Seng of PAP in Hougang. 52.8%)&lt;br /&gt;1997: 65% (materialism such as HDB upgrade was used as a GE tactic from now on. WP team Tang Liang Hong, J B Jeyaretnam and co. lost in Cheng San GRC. 45.2% )&lt;br /&gt;2001: 75.3% (Tang Liang Hong was sued after the last election which might have generated some fear factors. 2 months after 911. Credible opposition candidates lacking)&lt;br /&gt;2006: 66% (WP team Sylvia Lim and co. lost in Aljunied GRC 44%. Overall WP garnered 38.4%, including a 'suicide squad' contested in AMK GRC led by PM Lee and&amp;nbsp;won 1/3 of the vote&amp;nbsp;share)&lt;br /&gt;2011: 60.1% (WP team Low Thia Khiang, Sylvia Lim, Chen Show Mao, Pritam Singh and Muhamad Faisal Bin Abdul Manap defeated PAP in Aljunied GRC. 54.7%. Overall WP garnered 46.7% of the total votes’ shares against PAP)&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/15158444-2391508258936247310?l=navalants.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://navalants.blogspot.com/feeds/2391508258936247310/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=15158444&amp;postID=2391508258936247310' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/15158444/posts/default/2391508258936247310'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/15158444/posts/default/2391508258936247310'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://navalants.blogspot.com/2011/07/orchid-evolution.html' title='Orchid evolution'/><author><name>.......</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06584661018093389655</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-gDMqizsL0d8/TddyBXipVBI/AAAAAAAACOg/MSzlmI9xh3I/s72-c/PM+Lee+announced+the+new+lineup.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-15158444.post-2547267301670536109</id><published>2011-07-15T12:18:00.074+08:00</published><updated>2011-07-15T12:18:00.443+08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='once upon a time'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='travels'/><title type='text'>夢湖</title><content type='html'>小学时，学校四楼有间小小的音乐室，每个星期两节音乐课是天堂。年约六十的陈老师说她很感激校长让她自由发挥，不需要盲目根据教育部的教材，她可以随心所欲，介绍简单易懂的世界民歌名曲给我们。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;多年以后才明白舍弃好端端的教育部音乐教材不用，把世界名曲引入小学堂是多么费神费力的事。我也很感激陈老师对音乐的激情。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;世界因为有激情，向现实挑战的性情中人而美丽。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;陈老师让我认识在苏格兰这个世界上某个角落的国家有个叫做罗梦湖的淡水湖泊。罗梦湖是什么样子的？老师说闭起眼睛，用心聆听潺潺的钢琴声，唱出心里的憧憬，罗梦湖就会出现了。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-oYzPBUumqRc/TbkV263pLBI/AAAAAAAACMg/5wf7IvplgdE/s1600/Loch+Lomand.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="213" j8="true" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-oYzPBUumqRc/TbkV263pLBI/AAAAAAAACMg/5wf7IvplgdE/s320/Loch+Lomand.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;(罗梦湖 Loch Lomond, Scotland. c.1990s)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;在美丽的沙滩在美丽山坡旁，那阳光照耀着罗梦，是我们常去游玩的地方，在那美丽美丽罗梦的岸上。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;呵你走那高原而我走那平路，我将先你到达苏格兰，但我们由此就要分手，在那美丽美丽罗梦的岸上。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;因为有激情，所以才会圆梦。很庆幸自己有生之年能够数度在英伦定居，火车沿着海岸线北上苏格兰，圆一个少年时代的梦。原来早在1841年，罗梦湖的英文版本&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;The Bonnie Banks o' Loch Lomond&lt;/span&gt;已经发表于世了。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;&lt;em&gt;By yon bonnie banks and by yon bonnie braes&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Where the sun shines bright on Loch Lomond&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Where me and my true love will ne-er meet again &lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;&lt;em&gt;On the bonnie, bonnie banks o’ Loch Lomon'.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Oh, ye'll tak' the high road, and I'll tak' the low road&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;&lt;em&gt;And I'll be in Scotland afore ye&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;&lt;em&gt;But me and my true love will never meet again&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;&lt;em&gt;On the bonnie, bonnie banks o' Loch Lomond.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;罗梦湖位于苏格兰中部，长39公里，宽度在1.2 公里至8公里之间，平均深度37米，最深处190米，是英国面积最大的淡水湖。我们的邻国印度尼西亚也有个美丽的的淡水湖叫“多峇湖Lake Toba”。多峇湖位于苏门答腊岛北部海拔900米的高原上，距离棉兰市约175公里。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;多峇湖是个火山湖，是在七万余年前的一次超级火山爆发形成的。多峇湖长约100公里，宽31公里，大约相等于两个新加坡，而湖中的沙摩西岛（Pulau Samosir）则和新加坡不相上下。多峇湖少了1841年便开始流传的凄美的情歌，比不上罗梦湖的人气，不过多峇湖也有幽怨的故事。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-s2-ZjudnOvo/TbkQrFBHAVI/AAAAAAAACMI/u4WiRkSdfEU/s1600/besides+lake+toba.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="212" j8="true" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-s2-ZjudnOvo/TbkQrFBHAVI/AAAAAAAACMI/u4WiRkSdfEU/s320/besides+lake+toba.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;(多峇湖畔峇达人的村落，1992)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-fVy5tnUwPq4/TbkQkPhUCWI/AAAAAAAACMA/hPVIRAP9KKw/s1600/batak+house.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="233" j8="true" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-fVy5tnUwPq4/TbkQkPhUCWI/AAAAAAAACMA/hPVIRAP9KKw/s320/batak+house.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;（峇达人的传统建筑，牛角挂在羊头上，1992）&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;远古的传说有多种版本，这是其中之一：从前，有一个渔夫住在多峇山的峡谷中的小屋里。小山环抱着小屋，小屋坐落在河边。有一次捕鱼时，渔夫网中一条非常特别的大鱼。他把鱼放在小屋里，踱出屋门，思忖着如何美餐一顿。当他回到小屋时，却惊奇地发现那条鱼已经变成了一个美丽的姑娘，正在为他做饭。渔夫爱上了姑娘，问道：“你愿意做我的妻子吗？”姑娘提出渔夫永远不能告诉任何人她曾经是一条鱼，万一他食言，就意味着眼泪、分手和灾难，如果渔夫答应她的条件，她就嫁给他。渔夫欣然应允。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;随后他们与独生女儿幸福和谐地生活在一起。女儿长大以后，母亲总让她给种田的父亲送午饭，不幸的是她有一个贪吃的坏毛病。一次，她把应该送给父亲的食物全部吃光了，当农夫发现女儿在街上大吃大嚼，怒火中烧：“你这个鱼的后代，你想造反啊！”&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;女儿回到家里，向哭泣的母亲询问这到底是怎么回事。母亲什么也没有说，只是让女儿赶快逃到山上去，躲避即将发生的灾难。刚过了一分钟，就发生了地震，紧接着洪水泛滥，很快便淹没了这个地区，农夫和女儿都被洪水淹没了。姑娘变回一条鱼，从此没再出现。经年累月后，这个地区变成了今天的多峇湖，小山则变成了沙摩西岛。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;沙摩西岛原是一个半岛，在岛的西边有一宽仅200公尺的土地与陆地连结。1906年荷兰人在此处开通一条运河，从此成为一个真正的小岛，在当时的居民心中造成莫大的恐慌，担心沙摩西岛将会沉入湖中。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;沙摩西岛是峇达族(Toba Batak)的故乡，开化前曾经是一个食人族，据说最后一次把犯人的尸体剁成肉泥，加上各种酸酸辣辣的调味品生吃也只不过是1816年的事，距今还不到两百年。德国传教士Normanton引入基督教，峇达人信奉基督教后，才改掉食人的习俗。峇达人Hendrick是北苏门答腊的末代皇帝，他留学荷兰，思想开放。1945年印度尼西亚脱离荷兰独立，Hendrick被杀，结束十四代皇族统治，还政于民。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-e3mbjr6lYlA/TbkRJ07AJ5I/AAAAAAAACMc/89lFAaVfxhU/s1600/The+last+emperor.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="212" j8="true" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-e3mbjr6lYlA/TbkRJ07AJ5I/AAAAAAAACMc/89lFAaVfxhU/s320/The+last+emperor.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;（北苏门答腊的末代皇帝Hendrick是峇达人，1992）&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-2jFwjR0tCMo/TbkQ6e9gLMI/AAAAAAAACMY/icmb9RTZCls/s1600/mosque+and+church.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="196" j8="true" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-2jFwjR0tCMo/TbkQ6e9gLMI/AAAAAAAACMY/icmb9RTZCls/s320/mosque+and+church.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;（从棉兰前往多峇湖途中，Berastagi市容，基督教与回教并存，1992）&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-9CpzckubsSs/TbkQx2TSYNI/AAAAAAAACMQ/Y1UPql6IZIg/s1600/culturer+dance.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="210" j8="true" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-9CpzckubsSs/TbkQx2TSYNI/AAAAAAAACMQ/Y1UPql6IZIg/s320/culturer+dance.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;（峇达民族舞）&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1990年代，新加坡还有好多旅行社承办多峇湖四日游，我最觉得写意的莫过在阴凉的湖边坐落一个黄昏。也很怀念设在小山坡的茶坊，高原略带寒冷的气候下，那杯姜茶驱走多少寒意。也忘不了那位沙摩西岛上卖织成品的年轻小妹，直说我的未来老婆cantik（漂亮），我说他俩saling saling（彼此彼此），两人兴高采烈地合照，保留了20年的照片还没发黄，但年轻小妹何处去？&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-zYfK_myjeAI/TbkQt37G_LI/AAAAAAAACMM/ota7Y3Cbhgc/s1600/By+the+lake.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="233" j8="true" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-zYfK_myjeAI/TbkQt37G_LI/AAAAAAAACMM/ota7Y3Cbhgc/s320/By+the+lake.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;（Sipiso-piso瀑布旁看多峇湖，茶坊就在左角，1992）&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-3Xf0mEVrXjM/TbkQ1VfSDbI/AAAAAAAACMU/bEjsuhs5Xb4/s1600/Looking+down+toba+lake.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="210" j8="true" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-3Xf0mEVrXjM/TbkQ1VfSDbI/AAAAAAAACMU/bEjsuhs5Xb4/s320/Looking+down+toba+lake.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;（Sipiso-piso瀑布旁看多峇湖，茶坊就在左角，1992）&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-yLVKYWUhSt0/TbkQnRqUguI/AAAAAAAACME/x3_g8nl5hD4/s1600/beauties.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="214" j8="true" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-yLVKYWUhSt0/TbkQnRqUguI/AAAAAAAACME/x3_g8nl5hD4/s320/beauties.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;（沙摩西岛上Tomok Village的年轻小妹，买什么都好，一律半价成交。1992）&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1998年一场轰动全球的印尼排华事件，棉兰20%的华族人口也受影响，一时间风声鹤唳，有钱的印尼华人都往外跑。从此，新加坡旅行社不再承办多峇湖之旅，&lt;span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"&gt;多峇湖似乎与我们越来越遥远了。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/15158444-2547267301670536109?l=navalants.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://navalants.blogspot.com/feeds/2547267301670536109/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=15158444&amp;postID=2547267301670536109' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/15158444/posts/default/2547267301670536109'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/15158444/posts/default/2547267301670536109'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://navalants.blogspot.com/2011/07/blog-post_15.html' title='夢湖'/><author><name>.......</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06584661018093389655</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-oYzPBUumqRc/TbkV263pLBI/AAAAAAAACMg/5wf7IvplgdE/s72-c/Loch+Lomand.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-15158444.post-1666088353819347308</id><published>2011-07-08T12:26:00.002+08:00</published><updated>2011-07-08T12:26:00.536+08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='humanities'/><title type='text'>别让城市太拥挤</title><content type='html'>配合2011年5月15日淡然落幕的双年展（Singapore Biennale），国家博物馆的圆形大厅入住了一个用传统植物素材藤与竹创作的立体模型“&lt;em&gt;Compound&lt;/em&gt;”。跟一位在博物馆工作的朋友倚在二楼的栏杆旁，俯视着这个利用模块方式叠合成的艺术品，朋友说现代艺术徘徊于抽象与具体之间，很难欣赏，艺术家似乎尝试为城市定位，可又说不出个所以然。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;"&gt;朋友欣赏艺术的角度不同，他喜欢水墨画和希腊雕刻所散发的灵气。人间境界真善美，科学追求真，宗教追求善，艺术则追求美，现代艺术如果真有美感，似乎美得太笼统，难以捉摸。博物馆华文义工惠萱曾经给我们上了一堂非正式的美术课，最近参观双年展后对我说，以前我们学的是美术，现在所学的不叫美术，美术已经转型称为“艺术”。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;的确，现代艺术，所捕捉的不是永恒的美感，而是时空转换的过程，在乾坤大挪移中提供想象的三维空间。我们观赏着同样的创作，体会可以完全不一样，这就是艺术的魅力；如果点得太明，反而失去心灵的震撼。就好象达芬奇的“蒙娜丽莎的微笑”，梨涡浅笑中带着些许暧昧，多年来人们还在解读着微笑的含义，乐趣融融。&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-rY2YoGu12wk/TZGpRgLtM1I/AAAAAAAACJ4/ggbZ3rOkYlY/s1600/lotus.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="199px" r6="true" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-rY2YoGu12wk/TZGpRgLtM1I/AAAAAAAACJ4/ggbZ3rOkYlY/s320/lotus.jpg" width="320px" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;(张大千：写意荷花。传统水墨画的意境在于淡中出真味，常里出英奇。)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-pq_PjAjp-nE/TZGpXh8oUhI/AAAAAAAACJ8/k01_2_weA2k/s1600/mona+lisa.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="320px" r6="true" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-pq_PjAjp-nE/TZGpXh8oUhI/AAAAAAAACJ8/k01_2_weA2k/s320/mona+lisa.jpg" width="205px" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;（达芬奇的油画：蒙娜丽莎的微笑，暧昧。）&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;"&gt;当我们多花点时间，慢慢细嚼双年展艺术品，可以感受到现代艺术家通过充满时代感的表现手法，对日新月异、快速发展的城市提出反馈。现代艺术的呈现手法已不局限于平面绘画或立体雕刻，而是有声有色，味道则由访客去发掘。&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Compound&lt;/em&gt;是柬埔寨艺术家Sopheap Pich 的作品。Sopheap Pich于1971年在柬埔寨出生，目前在金边定居。他在美国芝加哥与法国巴黎学艺术，回到柬埔寨从事绘画工作，后来自我转型，使用当地农村的现成材料如藤、竹及麻布，从事立体艺术创作。&lt;em&gt;Compound&lt;/em&gt;使用简单的模块方式，叠造出大型的城市结构。&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-4YHQVr_8NIo/TZGotU8uiEI/AAAAAAAACJw/ruizRFI-zPg/s1600/Sopheap+Pich+Cambodian.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="320px" r6="true" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-4YHQVr_8NIo/TZGotU8uiEI/AAAAAAAACJw/ruizRFI-zPg/s320/Sopheap+Pich+Cambodian.jpg" width="218px" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;（柬埔寨现代艺术家Sopheap Pich，以藤、竹与麻布等当地农村现成材料创作。2011）&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Sopheap Pich表示，&lt;em&gt;Compound&lt;/em&gt;的灵感来自快速的城市发展及发展过程对环境所造成的影响：“纵观历史，建造与拆除是一个永无休止的循环。我们是否能够只有建造而没有拆除？”&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;如朋友所说，现代艺术需要解读，而艺术家本身也未必能够贴切地解读艺术的含义，只能笼统地介绍创作动机。在朋友眼中，&lt;em&gt;Compound&lt;/em&gt;只不过是我们童年时司空见惯的鸡笼、鸽子笼和猪笼的集成品。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-Px6j2fR1iFs/TZGolzoS2LI/AAAAAAAACJs/TsxF7qCLNVA/s1600/Sopheap+Pich+-+compound.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="258px" r6="true" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-Px6j2fR1iFs/TZGolzoS2LI/AAAAAAAACJs/TsxF7qCLNVA/s320/Sopheap+Pich+-+compound.JPG" width="320px" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;（&lt;em&gt;Compound&lt;/em&gt;，堆砌的城市.2011）&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;朋友的另一类解读方式其实给我不少灵感。在我眼中，&lt;em&gt;Compound&lt;/em&gt;所表达的是一个拥挤的城市，在这个寸步难移的现代空间，人的生活素质正开着时代的倒车，跟当年被困在笼子里的家禽其实没有两样。当人们为家禽请命，禁止虐待动物时，可曾尝试换个位置来看看自己。不识庐山真面目，只缘身在此山中，把我们从尘市间抽离出来眺望，我们是不是也像笼中鸟，受困在拥挤的城市中，付出昂贵的价格，却牺牲人性的尊严？城市是否真的让生活更美好？（2010年上海世界博览会的主题）。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-Gz9LcZ7JTSg/TZGpE26pedI/AAAAAAAACJ0/PQYOhtg0MVk/s1600/Sopheap+Pich-crowded+city.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="272px" r6="true" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-Gz9LcZ7JTSg/TZGpE26pedI/AAAAAAAACJ0/PQYOhtg0MVk/s320/Sopheap+Pich-crowded+city.JPG" width="320px" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;（城市太拥挤，我们人也是家禽野鸽，付出昂贵的价格，却买不回生活的尊严。2011）&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;在有限的土地上，sky is the limit，城市只有往上发展的空间；在发展的过程中，个人的“安全空间”其实很狭隘，甚至不受尊重的。 &lt;em&gt;Compound&lt;/em&gt;的每一个模块都是透光的，城市中人不是光明正大的被监视着，便是在偷窥与被偷窥间生活，没有隐私可言。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;如猪笼的模块竖立起来，围绕着城市，像宗教建筑，但更像导弹。发展拥挤的城市的过程是否也是逐步自我毁灭的过程，现在种下的因，是后人所必须承受的果？&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;而城市也是金钱价值的欲望追求，城市的土地与空间都可以通过金钱来衡量，我们乐于被锁在有限的半空中，妄想着土地给我们带来一生追求的财富。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;生活在新加坡这个城市，我们没有躲避的选择。新加坡没有生活费较低廉的乡村，厌倦城市生活后可以避世，在浓郁的乡土气息中寻找自己，整装待发。我们受困在城市之中。&lt;br /&gt;你以为呢？&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/15158444-1666088353819347308?l=navalants.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://navalants.blogspot.com/feeds/1666088353819347308/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=15158444&amp;postID=1666088353819347308' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/15158444/posts/default/1666088353819347308'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/15158444/posts/default/1666088353819347308'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://navalants.blogspot.com/2011/07/blog-post_08.html' title='别让城市太拥挤'/><author><name>.......</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06584661018093389655</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-rY2YoGu12wk/TZGpRgLtM1I/AAAAAAAACJ4/ggbZ3rOkYlY/s72-c/lotus.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-15158444.post-4285844188496968222</id><published>2011-07-01T12:31:00.004+08:00</published><updated>2011-07-01T12:31:00.203+08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='once upon a time'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='education'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='humanities'/><title type='text'>金鱼缸外的世界</title><content type='html'>人外有人，天外有天。我们习惯在某一个圈子里过活，很多时候已经忘记了小圈子外还有个大圈子，大圈子外还有个更大的圈子。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;金鱼缸内看外头的世界，因为通过厚玻璃与弧度，一切都变了形，可是我们总以为所看到的是真实的。当我们踏出圈子，看见另一个蓝天的时候，或许只是进入更大的金鱼缸，蓝天白云其实并不是我们所看到的蓝天白云。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;偷得浮生半日闲，一窥金鱼缸外无垠的星空，苍茫大地，谁主浮沉？星空下有什么解不开、放不下的人事情仇？&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-sWNR2eeiZd4/TaxISvkdY1I/AAAAAAAACLU/0tX-p3Gpd_4/s1600/2+moons-mid+autumn+22+Sep+10.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="240px" r6="true" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-sWNR2eeiZd4/TaxISvkdY1I/AAAAAAAACLU/0tX-p3Gpd_4/s320/2+moons-mid+autumn+22+Sep+10.JPG" width="320px" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;（2010中秋夜，仰望夜空）&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;烟宵微月澹长空，银汉秋期万古同。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;几许欢情与离恨，年年并在此宵中。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; --白居易《七夕》&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;蓝蓝的天空银河里，有只小白船。….&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;度过那道银河水，来到云彩国。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;走过那道银河水，该向那儿去？&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; --儿歌《小白船》&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;星空中气势磅薄的银河叫人神往。银河是天上的河流，小白船越过银河，飘向西方；牛郎织女鹊桥相会，鹊桥就铺设在天河之上。夜空中的牛郎星是天鹰座中最明亮的星星，在银河的东岸；织女星是天琴座中最明亮的星星，在银河的西岸。由于这两颗恒星清晰可见，容易辨别，所以郑和下西洋时，就曾以织女星作为航海的导航标志之一。古希腊人认为银河是天上的神哺育婴儿时流淌出来的乳汁，称它为牛奶道（Milky Way）。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-HWccBNx7FcA/TaxIDXFMuuI/AAAAAAAACLM/CDQ4MeOStZ0/s1600/milkyway+from+west+texas.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="320px" r6="true" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-HWccBNx7FcA/TaxIDXFMuuI/AAAAAAAACLM/CDQ4MeOStZ0/s320/milkyway+from+west+texas.jpg" width="271px" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;（银河，德萨斯州，Texas）&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;牛郎星距离地球16光年(1光年约为 10万亿公里)，织女星距离地球26光年，牛郎织女相距16光年，如果牛郎给织女拨电话，织女得等到16年后才能听到牛郎的声音。"七七相会"那道桥，肯定比光还要快上16光年。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-kEuuP1nmV_I/TaxILZAX0qI/AAAAAAAACLQ/HQXZcpW42nM/s1600/%25E7%2589%259B%25E9%2583%258E%25E7%25BB%2587%25E5%25A5%25B3%25E6%2598%259F.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="320px" r6="true" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-kEuuP1nmV_I/TaxILZAX0qI/AAAAAAAACLQ/HQXZcpW42nM/s320/%25E7%2589%259B%25E9%2583%258E%25E7%25BB%2587%25E5%25A5%25B3%25E6%2598%259F.jpg" width="310px" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;(牛郎织女如何喜相逢？)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;地球是太阳系里八个行星之一，冥王星（Pluto）质量小，被重新定义为矮行星，从九大行星中除名。地球上山河壮伟，海洋辽阔；一旦天云变色，地震海啸，火山台风，破坏力无穷。为地球带来光和热的太阳的体积比地球大一百万倍，质量是地球的三十万倍。地球在太阳的表面，只是一颗小黑点，还比不上太阳上的黑子（sunspot），地球与太阳相比，微不足道。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;太阳也不过是银河系里一颗普通的恒星，银河系里有二十亿个与太阳类似的星球；至于比太阳质量大几十倍，光度比太阳强一百万倍的星星比比皆是。银河之广不可思议，我们用光的速度来旅行，飞到银河系的中心得花上三万多年（三万光年），抵达目的地，有缘一见银河真面目的不是我们，而是我们的千代子孙。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-xRQQF3gPO50/TaxIef5TcBI/AAAAAAAACLY/KnS3cMsvTJ0/s1600/15042011401.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="240px" r6="true" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-xRQQF3gPO50/TaxIef5TcBI/AAAAAAAACLY/KnS3cMsvTJ0/s320/15042011401.jpg" width="320px" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-E4mpBaFW3sQ/TaxIjw2ovhI/AAAAAAAACLc/cGT6WHnUmhU/s1600/25032011394.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="240px" r6="true" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-E4mpBaFW3sQ/TaxIjw2ovhI/AAAAAAAACLc/cGT6WHnUmhU/s320/25032011394.jpg" width="320px" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;（朝阳是否天天升起？还是正处于宜居期？摄于我家附近）&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;月亮绕地球转动，地球及其他行星绕太阳运转，太阳和其他银河系的星球也是一样的绕银河系的中心运转。地球自转需时一日，月亮绕地球一周需时一月，地球绕太阳一周需时一年，太阳绕银河系中心一周需时一星系年（galactic year），一个星系年等于二亿五千万年。将天文数字推算一下，天上仅一秒，人间已八年！&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;银河系在整个宇宙里，其实只不过是一粒小沙石，类似银河的星系有三十亿，这个空间的直线距离有十亿光年，宇宙大不可测，遥不可及。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;地球绕太阳一周，过程中缔造了春夏秋冬。春天万物复苏，植物种子发芽生长，由一粒种子延长出根茎叶花，由花结出果实，果实成熟时，植物进入秋收冬亡，一个生命期结束。春夏秋冬引发生老病死的循环，主要因素是温度的变化，温度适中是生存的条件。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;银河系绕着更大星系运转一周的过程，也一样会产生类似地球绕太阳一周那样的生与死的过程。因此，地球生命的存在，只不过是在极热与极冷之间的合成品，就像植物一样，在宜居的环境中由一颗种子萌芽，开枝散叶，花粉传播生命，生生不息。外在环境不再宜居时，枝叶凋零，等待下一个气温怡人的春天，生命重新开始。以星系年来演算，下一个春天或许在二亿余年之后？&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-s8IKwLGsz1g/TaxI5WcOSLI/AAAAAAAACLg/73OjmDrjbm0/s1600/IMG_3047.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="239px" r6="true" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-s8IKwLGsz1g/TaxI5WcOSLI/AAAAAAAACLg/73OjmDrjbm0/s320/IMG_3047.JPG" width="320px" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;（当生命进入残冬.....）&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;当然这只不过是尝试解答“我从哪里来，该往哪里去”的许多探讨生命起源的模式中的一个，把我带入这另一类思维领域的是Stephen Hawking（1942-），近期出版的“ The Grand Design” 深入浅出，不妨一读。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Hawking has said; “One can't prove that God doesn't exist, but science makes God unnecessary.”&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/15158444-4285844188496968222?l=navalants.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://navalants.blogspot.com/feeds/4285844188496968222/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=15158444&amp;postID=4285844188496968222' title='3 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/15158444/posts/default/4285844188496968222'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/15158444/posts/default/4285844188496968222'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://navalants.blogspot.com/2011/07/blog-post.html' title='金鱼缸外的世界'/><author><name>.......</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06584661018093389655</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-sWNR2eeiZd4/TaxISvkdY1I/AAAAAAAACLU/0tX-p3Gpd_4/s72-c/2+moons-mid+autumn+22+Sep+10.JPG' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>3</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-15158444.post-5194905456772193051</id><published>2011-06-24T12:00:00.004+08:00</published><updated>2011-06-24T12:00:07.865+08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='once upon a time'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='education'/><title type='text'>“完美”都市 A fine city</title><content type='html'>Singapore is a fine city. 我们已经学会自嘲说新加坡是个完美的城市，也是个罚款的城市。在行人过道50米以内过马路罚款50元，在MRT进食罚款500元，乱抛垃圾、公共场所抽烟等都以金钱挡灾。如果通过fine真的可以塑造完美的国民、优雅的社会那还好办，fine了这么多年，我们还没优雅起来，我们的城市是外表的fine，不是骨子里的fine。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;乱过马路，以每一通罚款50大元来计算，若没被执法人员逮个正着就等于赚了50大元，以此计算，这辈子不晓得赚了多少冤钱，或许可以买一间袖珍型公寓了。第一次发这种50元的发财梦还没成年。话说当时还在新加坡工艺学院念书，所谓念书，其实是在学会搞学生活动的时间远远超过读书时间。父亲总是埋怨从来没看过我们这样子读书的，起早摸黑，天蒙蒙亮就出门，夜阑人静的时候还没归家，星期六星期天也回校不误，难道家没有一点值得留恋之处吗？&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-GU8TnKJMds0/TZ7HOeVzATI/AAAAAAAACKw/pU_lC_M3tew/s1600/High+street+and+North+Bridge+road+corner+1971+-+road+safety+campainge.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="213px" r6="true" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-GU8TnKJMds0/TZ7HOeVzATI/AAAAAAAACKw/pU_lC_M3tew/s320/High+street+and+North+Bridge+road+corner+1971+-+road+safety+campainge.jpg" width="320px" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-2h--yX1UyGc/TZ7HTIpa2zI/AAAAAAAACK0/G2CSs6EmdQc/s1600/High+street+and+North+Bridge+road+corner+1971+-+road+safety+campainge+2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="213px" r6="true" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-2h--yX1UyGc/TZ7HTIpa2zI/AAAAAAAACK0/G2CSs6EmdQc/s320/High+street+and+North+Bridge+road+corner+1971+-+road+safety+campainge+2.jpg" width="320px" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ccRYEl41IXQ/TZ7HXKVaB1I/AAAAAAAACK4/sYBn2cPJNVI/s1600/High+street+and+North+Bridge+road+corner+1971+-+road+safety+campainge+3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="215px" r6="true" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ccRYEl41IXQ/TZ7HXKVaB1I/AAAAAAAACK4/sYBn2cPJNVI/s320/High+street+and+North+Bridge+road+corner+1971+-+road+safety+campainge+3.jpg" width="320px" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;（行人过马路安全运动Road Safety Campaign c.mid 1970s）&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;当时确实有好些同学为了学生活动跟家人闹得不愉快，搬出来在学校附近金文泰租房子，同屋共住。我们搞学生活动称为“搞工作”，这些同学当然是“工作伙伴”了。我们的工作伙伴热火朝天干劲高，似乎都本末倒置，工作搞得超好，功课则一塌糊涂，大概已经忘了来念书的最原始的目的。结果三年的文凭课程，有些伙伴一年“毕业”，被校方请出大门，有些伙伴读了五年最长期限还是毕不了业，同样得忍痛离开校园。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;当时学会中一个多才多艺的会友KM口琴手风琴歌唱相声样样精通，是个不可多得的演艺人才。某一个深夜十一时许，我们乘着同一辆209号巴士，从Dover Road直到Hill Street 警察局（现在的MICA）前下车，我们都十分惊讶。我的家就在警察局前车站对面，窗口对着车水马龙、灰尘滚滚的“水仙门二马路”，到了半夜，偶尔会有汽车驶过。KM说他回阿公的家，阿公就住在车站斜对面咖啡店旁的仰康药行后面。中学时后面的水仙门大厦刚落成，他还常跟着老表们在水仙门大厦内追逐。我也常跟弟妹们在里头玩捉迷藏，地方大又有冷气，是另一类充满新鲜感的游乐场，可是我们都对这另外一组人没半点印象。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-VQyIol4XG2w/TZ7HnWdzdsI/AAAAAAAACLA/69hyaedmADM/s1600/Hill+street+facing+new+bridge+road+1975+-31.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="320px" r6="true" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-VQyIol4XG2w/TZ7HnWdzdsI/AAAAAAAACLA/69hyaedmADM/s320/Hill+street+facing+new+bridge+road+1975+-31.jpg" width="214px" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;(我们就是这样从车站越过马路，赚取$50. c.1970s)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-HNASTkJDG1s/TZ7Hg2P5pDI/AAAAAAAACK8/uaxE9HtBSYE/s1600/Hill+street+facing+new+bridge+road+2-1975.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="320px" r6="true" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-HNASTkJDG1s/TZ7Hg2P5pDI/AAAAAAAACK8/uaxE9HtBSYE/s320/Hill+street+facing+new+bridge+road+2-1975.jpg" width="215px" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;（仰康药行在图左方。c.1970s）&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-jPcPOZcFWAA/TZ7H5wbLFLI/AAAAAAAACLI/FHiX0Zmrf2w/s1600/Yang+Kang+medicine+hall+1980.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="213px" r6="true" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-jPcPOZcFWAA/TZ7H5wbLFLI/AAAAAAAACLI/FHiX0Zmrf2w/s320/Yang+Kang+medicine+hall+1980.jpg" width="320px" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;（仰康药行装潢。当时的药行只卖药，不像现在的药行像杂货店。c.1970s）&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;站在车站，左边是天桥，右边是交通灯。反正夜已深，警察局内的警察也大概在打瞌睡了，我们就越过马路吧！一二三四，我们越过了四条车道，抵达“彼岸”，彼此为各赚五十元，合赚一百大元而沾沾自喜。在那个年代，五十元可是我一个月的生活费哩！&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;原来50元是这么好赚的，以前赚到的都没记账，似乎是白白浪费了，以后赚到的，可要好好记起来。自此以后，手法越来越熟练，赚多了反而觉得是种罪过，尤其是生儿育女之后，才明白fine的苦心，只希望下一代能够好好地过活，不希望他们在虎口下遭遇到原本可以避免的意外，过马路前总会思考一下，给下一代树立正确的榜样。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-nH-CfUWMlTQ/TZ7H2HkNmkI/AAAAAAAACLE/adnTuh2EgK8/s1600/Tai+Hwa+coffee+shop+1980-4.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="213px" r6="true" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-nH-CfUWMlTQ/TZ7H2HkNmkI/AAAAAAAACLE/adnTuh2EgK8/s320/Tai+Hwa+coffee+shop+1980-4.jpg" width="320px" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;（仰康药行旁河边的大华茶室，著名的卤鸭和旁边的大华肉挫面。c.1970s）&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;后来KM和我都进入NTI继续另一轮学生生涯，他还活跃于学生活动中，而我则跟学生活动越走越远。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;跟老婆提起“乱过马路”的陈年旧事，她说其实还有学生优惠价的。当年她的妹妹也就是我的小姨还是个学生，在Parkway Parade前没有遵守行人交通规则，被便衣警察拦住，打个四折，只收20元。她怕被父母骂，结果姐妹同心，由老婆写支票了事。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;你还记得新加坡在那一年那一月那一日正式落实行人过马路罚款法令吗？&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1977年7月1日。&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/15158444-5194905456772193051?l=navalants.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://navalants.blogspot.com/feeds/5194905456772193051/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=15158444&amp;postID=5194905456772193051' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/15158444/posts/default/5194905456772193051'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/15158444/posts/default/5194905456772193051'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://navalants.blogspot.com/2011/06/fine-city.html' title='“完美”都市 A fine city'/><author><name>.......</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06584661018093389655</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-GU8TnKJMds0/TZ7HOeVzATI/AAAAAAAACKw/pU_lC_M3tew/s72-c/High+street+and+North+Bridge+road+corner+1971+-+road+safety+campainge.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-15158444.post-1978321262574017835</id><published>2011-06-17T12:24:00.044+08:00</published><updated>2011-06-17T12:24:01.047+08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='once upon a time'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='film and wayang'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='happiness'/><title type='text'>A&amp;V years</title><content type='html'>Some time between 1964 and 1967, National Panasonic（那申纽） set up a show room&amp;nbsp;at North Bridge road opposite St. Andrew Church. Although the National showroom was squeezed in between Capitol Theatre and Bata, the neon brightened up the sky at night and made it a prominent landmark.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-R1dtdr4hI-8/TZla85YRhII/AAAAAAAACKA/HxP8KhV6iCw/s1600/capitol02_1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="219px" r6="true" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-R1dtdr4hI-8/TZla85YRhII/AAAAAAAACKA/HxP8KhV6iCw/s320/capitol02_1.jpg" width="320px" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;(North Bridge Road. c.1970)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;My grandmother would bring me to National to watch free TV programmes when the night fell. Two TVs were showing Chinese news in black and white, and English news for the other two. The TVs were like bulky cabinets which housed the assembled picture tubes and electronics. Switching on the TVs in those days required a lot of patience. It usually took more than a minute or two before the sound and picture appeared. It also went against the theory of light travels faster than sound. We usually received sound a couple of seconds earlier than images. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Broadcasting in Singapore began on 5 May 1923 when Radio Singapura was established as the first local mass market radio service. 40 years later, on 15 February 1963, Singapore launched the first television service through Televisyen Singapura (TV Singapura) under Radio Television Singapore (RTS). The inauguration of regular television broadcast took place on 2 April 1963 with four hours of English programmes daily in Channel 5. Channel 8 was introduced on 23 November 1963 to broadcast programmes predominantly in Chinese.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-b-sbkSfZpK0/TZlbd1eg2iI/AAAAAAAACKM/yaAdeRH25v8/s1600/TV+1960s.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="241px" r6="true" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-b-sbkSfZpK0/TZlbd1eg2iI/AAAAAAAACKM/yaAdeRH25v8/s320/TV+1960s.jpg" width="320px" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;(Typical "1st generation" bulky B&amp;amp;W TV found in Singapore)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;RTS became part of the Singapore Broadcasting Corporation (SBC) in 1980. SBC was fully privatized in 1994. Television Corporation of Singapore (TCS) took over the television broadcasting arm of SBC and Radio Corporation of Singapore (RCS) took over the radio broadcasting arm of SBC.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In 2001, the broadcasting groups were restructured again into Media Corporation of Singapore (MediaCorp). &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The changes from RTS, SBC, TCS, RCS to MediaCorp were too complicated for ordinary folks like us. For the general mass, the concern was to receive valuable AV entertainments to brighten up our days.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-pgG3UUorlxU/TZltLvQEH7I/AAAAAAAACKU/8w_VcQ4wQQ8/s1600/RTS+famous+program.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="320px" r6="true" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-pgG3UUorlxU/TZltLvQEH7I/AAAAAAAACKU/8w_VcQ4wQQ8/s320/RTS+famous+program.jpg" width="216px" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;(Classic from RTS: 王沙野峰，1970s)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-syuxQdjuoE4/TZlt2KX3reI/AAAAAAAACKY/f1E3GwRFyA4/s1600/hong+tou+jin-sbc.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="240px" r6="true" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-syuxQdjuoE4/TZlt2KX3reI/AAAAAAAACKY/f1E3GwRFyA4/s320/hong+tou+jin-sbc.jpg" width="320px" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;（Classic from SBC: 红头巾，1986）&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-yzTS_gO6RuI/TZlt8_GsM3I/AAAAAAAACKc/SA6o1AfZNIk/s1600/Stepping_Out_TCS.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="214px" r6="true" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-yzTS_gO6RuI/TZlt8_GsM3I/AAAAAAAACKc/SA6o1AfZNIk/s320/Stepping_Out_TCS.jpg" width="320px" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;（Classic from TCS: Stepping out, 出路，1999）&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-cnSnf0SsEf0/TZluFOppZ7I/AAAAAAAACKg/C3k2De0mei8/s1600/The+little+nyonya-mediacorp.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="206px" r6="true" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-cnSnf0SsEf0/TZluFOppZ7I/AAAAAAAACKg/C3k2De0mei8/s320/The+little+nyonya-mediacorp.jpg" width="320px" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;（Classic from Mediacorp: The Little Nyonya，小娘惹，2009）&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Despite the long history of radio broadcast in Singapore, I only owned the very first palm size portable AM radio in 1974 when I was a secondary one student. It took me tremendous effort to convince my dad to buy one at a price of less than $10. The reason I provided was that we did not have a TV at home to receive news on time. I felt extremely handicapped when communicating with teachers and schoolmates the next day. The most cost-effective option to bridge such gap would be a small radio. After weeks of consideration, dad finally decided to buy a transistor radio as a gift for my secondary education.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-f_oIRcqILI8/TZluLSFMSQI/AAAAAAAACKk/KBl6NSFCe2A/s1600/portable+radio.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="226px" r6="true" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-f_oIRcqILI8/TZluLSFMSQI/AAAAAAAACKk/KBl6NSFCe2A/s320/portable+radio.png" width="320px" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;（Portable AM transistor radio）&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In the same year, colour TV was brought in to Singapore market although Singapore broadcasting technology had yet to be fully colour-ready for quality signal transmission. In July, I went with my neighbour to People’s Park to watch a midnight live telecast world cup final between Germany and Netherland. People’s Park was flooded with crowd to watch the football match in colour. Netherland was the favourite as hot as their orange jersey. They even scored an early goal. But eventually Germany displayed the finest teamwork and greatest efficiency in alignment with their traditional black and white outfit and won the match 2:1. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;"&gt;From a portable radio, we advanced to own a portable black and white 16” Philips TV in 1977. Apart from paying more than $300 for the TV, we had to fork out another $100 to install an outdoor TV antenna outside the window. The reception remained bad with the antenna. We were told that where we lived was too close to Fort Canning. The TV signal was partially blocked by the 60m hill and partially affected by the huge telecom radar fitted on top of the hill. We could install the antenna at the roof top just like our neighbours but this would cost a few hundred dollars extra. We chose not to spend precious money.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;"&gt;The 16” B&amp;amp;W TV brought us many enjoyable nights. Of the four channels (5 and 8 are Singapore channels, 3 and 10 are Malaysia channels), we usually locked on to Hong Kong serials such as 三国演义、小李飞刀、陆小凤、变色龙 and 网中人. On Sunday afternoon, Channel 8 used to show Cantonese films acted by 谢贤、胡枫、刘嘉玲、陈宝珠and many other famous Hong Kong stars. On special occasions, we would switch to Channel 5 for Malaysia cup and British FA cup live telecast. &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;"&gt;During my national service days, we accumulated enough to upgrade to a 20” Philips KT3300 colour TV at $600+. I remembered the TV model so well because soon after not long, I joined Philips Video Factory in Toa Payoh and learned that KT3300 was the most reliable model. It did not have the common hiccup problem (cracker sound that could cause heart attack as and when. It usually diminished after a few weeks) during run in period as faced by many other TVs produced at that era. KT3300 lasted for more than 10 years. However it could not outlast our very first B&amp;amp;W TV which was only given away 2 years ago at fully functional condition. &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-9vQ3PETaMdA/TZlbM2trvbI/AAAAAAAACKE/U1XrLips16Q/s1600/Philips+tv+ad.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="320px" r6="true" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-9vQ3PETaMdA/TZlbM2trvbI/AAAAAAAACKE/U1XrLips16Q/s320/Philips+tv+ad.jpg" width="226px" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-kd-8SYlcQCA/TZlbUGN_R4I/AAAAAAAACKI/iwWagBji4lk/s1600/Philips+tv+ad+2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="320px" r6="true" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-kd-8SYlcQCA/TZlbUGN_R4I/AAAAAAAACKI/iwWagBji4lk/s320/Philips+tv+ad+2.jpg" width="244px" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;(Highly innovative advertisement)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Since then, we witnessed the rapid wave of technology changes over time. From CRT, it developed into flat square tube (FST), projection TV, HDTV, plasma, LCD, LED and 3D. In 2004, I visited Japan NTT Cyble Communications Laboratory Group (Yokosuka) and deeply impressed by the 4D technology which has yet to be commercialised today. We were like boarded a yacht riding in giant wave without having to put on 3D spectacles, and yet we experienced the 3D effect and the familiar kind of sea sickness! The demonstration was virtual but the feeling was exceptionally real.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-1vAM5z-cq4Y/TZlyRMXtRPI/AAAAAAAACKo/fjv7Eh6Wf5c/s1600/NTT+cyble+communications+lab+-yokosuka.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="208px" r6="true" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-1vAM5z-cq4Y/TZlyRMXtRPI/AAAAAAAACKo/fjv7Eh6Wf5c/s320/NTT+cyble+communications+lab+-yokosuka.jpg" width="320px" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;(Outside NTT Cyble Communications Lab Yokosuka, 2004)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Since then, we also kissed goodbye to our very first portable radio. Step-by-step, we moved on to 2-in-1 radio cum cassette player, stereo radio, and HiFi with multiple modern features and surrounding sound effects. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-v_dOwo0wmHw/TZlyhvCgHMI/AAAAAAAACKs/gUBl87JGmI0/s1600/stereo+portable+radio.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="237px" r6="true" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-v_dOwo0wmHw/TZlyhvCgHMI/AAAAAAAACKs/gUBl87JGmI0/s320/stereo+portable+radio.jpg" width="320px" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;(Portable stereo radio cum cassettee player and recorder)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Today, we are also able to access to radio broadcast through handphone and computer. We do not have to dial a fixed line or use a mobile phone to communicate with each other, not forgetting that we have to pay huge overseas fees to telecom companies. We can simply download Skype and enjoy free AV communication over internet. We watch MediaCorp programmes through starhub cable. We could also watch many TV programmes and live broadcasts through the net.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-mPMIM4VH1GI/TZlbiCvYSKI/AAAAAAAACKQ/GAjWThoKuz0/s1600/TV+license+bill.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="289px" r6="true" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-mPMIM4VH1GI/TZlbiCvYSKI/AAAAAAAACKQ/GAjWThoKuz0/s320/TV+license+bill.jpg" width="320px" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;(Kissing goodbye to $110 TV license fee from 2011 onwards)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;Despite all these technology changes, what amazed me most was that we still had to subscribe to the legacy of paying the compulsory radio and TV license fees. Over the years, no one in the government was bold enough to abandon such out-dated practice until the recent year 2011 budget announcement. Perhaps it was also staged as a gift for the general election?&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/15158444-1978321262574017835?l=navalants.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://navalants.blogspot.com/feeds/1978321262574017835/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=15158444&amp;postID=1978321262574017835' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/15158444/posts/default/1978321262574017835'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/15158444/posts/default/1978321262574017835'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://navalants.blogspot.com/2011/06/years.html' title='A&amp;V years'/><author><name>.......</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06584661018093389655</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-R1dtdr4hI-8/TZla85YRhII/AAAAAAAACKA/HxP8KhV6iCw/s72-c/capitol02_1.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-15158444.post-5105196011505385750</id><published>2011-06-10T12:10:00.002+08:00</published><updated>2011-06-10T15:19:41.937+08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='once upon a time'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='secret society'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='humanities'/><title type='text'>洪门弟兄（7 of 7）- 传说</title><content type='html'>1914年柔佛并入英殖民辅政的“马来属邦”，1917年废除港主制度，1919年义兴公司被令解散。经过六十多年风雨沧桑岁月后，椒蜜王国就此解体淹没。随着柔佛州椒蜜业停止生产后，那些开发出来的土地都纷纷改种树胶。开荒的华人劳工，仍然继续在蕉风椰雨中奋斗着，奠定农产繁荣的基础。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-WXfgRZ-ngMM/TZCRmzUrduI/AAAAAAAACI4/pngMq07KhPg/s1600/secret+society+rules.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="214px" r6="true" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-WXfgRZ-ngMM/TZCRmzUrduI/AAAAAAAACI4/pngMq07KhPg/s320/secret+society+rules.JPG" width="320px" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-aGwQnEnCb_U/TZCR38BJ7ZI/AAAAAAAACI8/aFdLZ_kGuv8/s1600/secret+society+rules-2.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="240px" r6="true" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-aGwQnEnCb_U/TZCR38BJ7ZI/AAAAAAAACI8/aFdLZ_kGuv8/s320/secret+society+rules-2.JPG" width="320px" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;（入党宣誓：自入洪门之后，必要顺天行道...自入洪门之后，必要尊老爱幼....）&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;新山华社流传的“一山一庙一校”，是义兴公司这个传奇性组织的的统合格局。柔佛义兴公司虽以潮州人为主，但由于其“独尊”地位，其它籍贯人士亦加入该组织，使它成为一个跨方言群的本土化民间组织。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-ap_oWAw2DAs/TZCSF0uHKtI/AAAAAAAACJA/l6HnabagH8A/s1600/Ngee+Hin+receipt.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="320px" r6="true" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-ap_oWAw2DAs/TZCSF0uHKtI/AAAAAAAACJA/l6HnabagH8A/s320/Ngee+Hin+receipt.JPG" width="147px" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;(义兴公司收据)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;义兴公司领导新山华社期间，当地的华人神庙、公冢及学堂，没有明显的分帮立派的色彩，新山“五帮”（潮州、福建、客家、广肇和海南）协调分配，共同供奉柔佛古庙的五尊神祇，共同使用中华义山，共同扶持宽柔学校的发展。1922年成立的柔佛华侨公所，以及在战后成立的新山区中华公会都秉持着当年的义兴传统。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;中华义山是当地最古老的华人坟山，从山脚下拾级而上，不出百米即可见明墓。明墓并非明朝之墓，墓中埋葬的也不是先人遗骨，而是义兴公司的账本和108位先烈的神主牌。当年柔佛义兴公司被令停止活动后，1921年建立明墓以纪念这些早期反清复明的义士，包括“候明义士” 陈开顺， “奉天合之一道，一片丹心，反清复明，以顺天意之同流。”&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-36nUjflB4go/TZCT_F3q5pI/AAAAAAAACJc/oaOH43NjwTg/s1600/yi-xing+ming-mu.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="229px" r6="true" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-36nUjflB4go/TZCT_F3q5pI/AAAAAAAACJc/oaOH43NjwTg/s320/yi-xing+ming-mu.jpg" width="320px" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-sMPqfDMTRPs/TZCT7yFHGzI/AAAAAAAACJY/lQES-b16ujs/s1600/yi-xing.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="320px" r6="true" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-sMPqfDMTRPs/TZCT7yFHGzI/AAAAAAAACJY/lQES-b16ujs/s320/yi-xing.jpg" width="231px" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;（中华义山，明墓）&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;义兴在解散时将公司所存的余款二万元（约为当时四个港区全年的收入）尽数捐献给1913年创办的宽柔学校，绿水青山度绵长，对宽柔的发展影响至深。宽柔学校发展至今，已有宽柔五所小学、宽中二校与南方学院，学生约二万人。从无到有，再延伸至大专之道，宽柔走过百年路。而新山中华公会和宽柔诸董事至今仍然每年春秋两祭“明墓”，以纪念当年义兴公司对华文教育的贡献。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-b7uu8-lPPHo/TZCSXbnv6UI/AAAAAAAACJE/upCChcrooHM/s1600/Kuan+Rou+school.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="320px" r6="true" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-b7uu8-lPPHo/TZCSXbnv6UI/AAAAAAAACJE/upCChcrooHM/s320/Kuan+Rou+school.JPG" width="265px" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;（宽柔学校）&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;如果说中华义山代表过去，宽柔学校代表未来，那么柔佛古庙则是衔接过去与未来、神界与尘世的媒介。古庙何时建立已不可考，根据庙内刻着同治乙亥年的洪钟，可能在1865年或更早。古庙于1870年由当时新山义兴公司领导人陈旭年兴修扩建，取名柔佛古庙。柔佛古庙同时供奉元天上帝、感天大帝、洪仙大帝、华光大帝和赵大元帅五位主神，由五帮分配奉祀，体现了“五帮共和”的思想。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-pLmt3I39WGs/TZCS7c_kPqI/AAAAAAAACJM/17iJu-8seuI/s1600/IMG_2929.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="240px" r6="true" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-pLmt3I39WGs/TZCS7c_kPqI/AAAAAAAACJM/17iJu-8seuI/s320/IMG_2929.JPG" width="320px" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-YNhRC_YbMfM/TZCTWMKvumI/AAAAAAAACJQ/LMjrVYk0cTI/s1600/DSC01266.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="230px" r6="true" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-YNhRC_YbMfM/TZCTWMKvumI/AAAAAAAACJQ/LMjrVYk0cTI/s320/DSC01266.jpg" width="320px" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;（柔佛古庙，2010年与1950年）&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;据说古庙游神的风俗也从那时开始。 每年农历正月二十，古庙里的五位主神由信众请至中华义山下的行宫。正月二十一傍晚，五神乘坐的轿子次第出宫，一直持续到凌晨，在正月二十二由信众护驾回庙。对于新山人来说，或许那才是为春节所画上的最完美的句号。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-R87ncbEy9Lc/TZCSx_mcrpI/AAAAAAAACJI/iIxkwQP26Ik/s1600/gu+zhong.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="320px" r6="true" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-R87ncbEy9Lc/TZCSx_mcrpI/AAAAAAAACJI/iIxkwQP26Ik/s320/gu+zhong.jpg" width="240px" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;（古庙内的洪钟，同治乙亥年是1865年）&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Dg2J84OE51g/TZCToCTkoZI/AAAAAAAACJU/AmyHElRSl4w/s1600/IMG_2940.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="320px" r6="true" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Dg2J84OE51g/TZCToCTkoZI/AAAAAAAACJU/AmyHElRSl4w/s320/IMG_2940.JPG" width="276px" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;（华光大帝是古庙供奉的五位主神之一）&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-jloPLK1XPZ8/TZCYKaOJVWI/AAAAAAAACJk/wKxG7G4jjjg/s1600/johor+temple.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="205px" r6="true" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-jloPLK1XPZ8/TZCYKaOJVWI/AAAAAAAACJk/wKxG7G4jjjg/s320/johor+temple.bmp" width="320px" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;（1960年代，柔佛古庙游神，警察还穿着短裤）&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-x_0H4NGxUDI/TZCYOoLc7XI/AAAAAAAACJo/c48lNS8yor4/s1600/johor+temple.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="237px" r6="true" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-x_0H4NGxUDI/TZCYOoLc7XI/AAAAAAAACJo/c48lNS8yor4/s320/johor+temple.jpg" width="320px" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;（柔佛古庙游神，2009）&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;柔佛就在新加坡兀兰对岸，隔着一道只有一公里的新柔长堤。传说中最美的距离是两岸，因为有两岸，我们能够两望烟水里，逐步挖掘出一篇篇摄人心房的古老传说，衔接出先人离乡背井、垦荒求存的动人故事。在这段凭着业余嗜好，搜索新马两地洪门事迹，尝试把点点滴滴串联成合理的“剧情”的时刻，发觉原来禅心未死，还有深深感动，甚至偷偷流泪的时候。我们和那个年代的“他们”，其实也隔着一条河，我们和“他们”，也正站在桥的两岸。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;《两岸》—小曼&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;因为两岸/才有相望的眼/才有相待的心/才有相思的梦&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;因为两岸/才有相逢的激情/才有相送的无奈/才有回忆的倒影&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;因为两岸/心和心之间/恒有一座不坠的桥/&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;传说中最美的距离是两岸/&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/15158444-5105196011505385750?l=navalants.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://navalants.blogspot.com/feeds/5105196011505385750/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=15158444&amp;postID=5105196011505385750' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/15158444/posts/default/5105196011505385750'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/15158444/posts/default/5105196011505385750'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://navalants.blogspot.com/2011/06/7-of-7.html' title='洪门弟兄（7 of 7）- 传说'/><author><name>.......</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06584661018093389655</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image re
