远在London Surrey的Kuai Peng 捎来远洋的祝福:“Live a good honourable life. When you get older and think back, you’ll be able to enjoy it a second time.”
这是21世纪E-时代,通过Email,图文并茂,鱼雁相交太慢太含蓄太令人寻味,不符合现代的步伐。要不就通过布拉格(Blog)吧!根据2008年7月的统计,网上至少有七千万户布拉格,我们都可以自己在网上写书出书,这就是21世纪头一个年代的魅力!
念中学的时候还是淳朴的20世纪,学校的图书馆里有一份《七十年代》。这份香港杂志配合了那个年代,深受欢迎。1980年,李怡在为七十年代作总结时套用了狄更斯的《双城记》的开场白:“这是一个最好的年代,也是一个最坏的年代;这是一个智慧的年代,也是一个愚昧的年代。” 李怡进一步说:“ 这是一个希望的年代,也是一个失望的年代。”
从《七十年代》到《九十年代》,不仅仅是李怡个人的心路历程,也是这一代热爱中国神州大地的知识分子在理想与爱国道路上的转折路程。以今天2008年岁末,2009年伊始的角度回头看那一段旅程,你是充满快乐怡悦还是带些伤感遗憾?
当年冲洗菲林和照片都不便宜,收集的照片不多。不比现在的数码相机,要拍多少便拍多少,不合意?Erase便可,像现代人的情感,不用付出太多,心口也就不会永远的痛。
重翻七十年代和八十年代初的旧照片,像是发现新大陆似的,怎么多是集体照,而且还散发着浓浓的土味!是呀,我们都是中华文化的爱好者,就秉着这股热爱,我们相知相遇,为了一个集体,存异求同,为彼此的理想而奋斗。理想是什么?似乎很难说得上来,反正集体主义好,集体是一股暖流,伴随着我们成长,给我们一片绿洲。
小小口琴传友谊,秉烛交心在夜深。毕业后从集体郊游到小组交流,其中好些会友还进一步发展二人世界,化友情为爱情,共结连理,开了花也结了果。
三十年后口琴的故事像是尘封的记忆,谈心交心是当年文团的代言词。记忆中的他们在那里?别以为这是个小小世界,其实相知相遇是不可多得的缘分,缘聚则生,缘散则灭;有缘千里来相会,无缘隔门不相逢。我们好多都不再联络,再见面也似乎少了许多共同话题。
早年我们还会为此而惋惜,无可奈何花落去,一年一度燕归来般的一点点感伤。当我们掌握到这是个人生的过程,它只有往前走的路,不像电脑键盘,按下Control-Z,一切可以重来之后,便释怀而坦然处之了。在每一个不同的时期我们都在追寻着心灵的归宿,对生活洒然一笑,生活才会回报你一笑。拿得起、放得下;活在当下、珍惜当下,自然能无怨无悔。
有这么一则故事:老和尚抱着一位年轻貌美的少女过河,小和尚一路跟着,不禁脸红心跳。走了十里路,小和尚终于忍不住问道:“不是说出家人不近女色吗?刚才过河时你怎么把人家小姑娘抱得那么紧?”
老和尚笑道:“怎么过了十里路你的心还在打结?我早在过河后便已经放下了!”
万里无云万里天,心灵世界可以海阔天空,万里无垠,只在于我们拿起了什么?又放下了什么?
一切都会过去,过去的是岁月年华。一切都不会过去,不会过去的是精神记忆。 Tough times never last, but tough people will.
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Monday, December 29, 2008
Saturday, December 27, 2008
马六甲、古城、乡情
年近岁晚,我们一家子又回到熟悉的马六甲古城小住几天。去马六甲小住是我们这家子从2000年起每年圣诞前后的“例行公事”,每年至少一趟,2006年甚至去了三趟。不为什么,只为小镇的淳朴和七十年代的风情。
马六甲是马六甲海峡的咽喉,十五世纪时已是东西方交汇的著名商港和军事要塞,只有身临其境,才能深深感受到这片土地所存储着、涌动着的许多历史的记忆。
马六甲和新加坡有许多相似之处,特殊的地理位置和历史因缘给马六甲带来了多元文化,多元文化也成就了马六甲。在这些移民族群文化遗迹保留与否的问题上,多一些包容性和人文眼光,是符合所有族群的利益和文明发展趋势的。马来西亚政府也看准这一点,采取了明智之举,马六甲古城得以保留,成为世界历史遗产。我又多了一个地方可回忆。
新加坡国家博物馆的摄影艺术生活展厅有一张陈若锦一家子的照片,叙述一个继亲家庭保留财富的故事。这回谈马六甲,不谈陈若锦和继亲家庭。当年新马一衣带水,本是一家,许多著名的商贾慈善家都往来新加坡与马六甲之间。陈若锦的祖父陈金声在新加坡出钱建蓄水池,从此我们有了自来水供应。
陈金声和他的儿子陈明水(陈若锦的父亲)、陈明岩是马六甲青云亭第三至第五位亭主(1847-1864, 1864-1884,1884-1893)。清同治元年(1862)陈金声任亭主时期捐巨款修茸髹饰,清光绪廿年(1894)亭主陈明岩也效其父陈金声捐三千二百元重修青云亭。
青云亭是马来亚史上最悠久的古庙,座落于马六甲的庙堂街(Temple Street)。青云亭内供奉主神观音大士,当地人又称它为观音亭。青云亭名字的由来,取其平步青云之意。嘉庆六年重修青云亭碑记云:“吾想夫通货积财,应自始有,而臻富有莫大之崇高,有凌宵直上之势,如青云之得路焉,获利故无慊于得名也,故额斯亭曰青云亭”。碑记表达的是早期华裔移民的合理愿望和创业气魄,希望凭勤劳种植和正当经商而青云直上。
青云亭内有一面碑记,记载了一段青云亭的史迹。青云亭创建的日期颇多争论,很有可能是在明万历二十八年(1600年)或更前所建。碑文提起“郑李二公”,是马六甲第一任华人甲必丹郑芳扬(郑启基,倡建人),和第二任华人甲必丹李为经(李君常,也是主持建庙人之一)。
碑文提起“曾陈诸公”和“蔡君”,指的是郑芳扬(启基)、李为经(君常)和李正壕(仲坚)之后的甲必丹,分别为曾其禄(六官)、曾宪魁(光辉)、陈承阳、陈起厚( 起廉)、蔡士章(笃平)、曾有亮(敬信)和曾世芳(佛霖)。
马六甲第四任华人甲必丹曾其禄于清康熙四十三年(1794)大事修筑与扩充青云亭。 在第八代甲必丹蔡士章的带领下,青云亭的福利事业涉及面更广,包括“给孤独、恤孀婆、惕贫苦、赈灾黎”。庙内也设赠医施药所,惠及贫民。蔡士章于清嘉庆六年(1801)将青云亭加造重修,奠定了青云亭今日的面貌。
青云亭不但是历史最悠久的古庙,同时也是葡萄牙和荷兰统治马六甲时代华人社会的政务、法庭、宗教及精神信仰的中心。当时,任何有关华人的事务都由华人甲必丹去处理。因此葡萄牙和荷兰统治者委任的甲必丹历来都在青云亭设立官署。每当华人遇有难以解决的纠纷诉讼案都告到青云亭去,由甲必丹去秉 公审判。历代相承,华人甲必丹每逄朔望即于此开审案件,所有甲必丹都成了当时的大法官。
英国人在1824年接管马六甲,废除了华人甲必丹制度,华社以变通的方式,以青云亭亭主取代甲必丹的领导地位。亭主制度实行九十一年,共有六位亭主:梁美吉(1824-1839),薛佛记(1839-1847),陈金声(1847-1864),陈明水(1864-1884),陈明岩(1884-1893),陈若准(1893-1915)。
青云亭在1911年以前一直是团结华人,维护华人权利的根据地。这种亭主制度延续到1911年,英国海峡殖民地实施华民政务司公署制(Chinese Protectorate),在最后一任亭主陈若准逝世后,亭主制度才告终止。随着社会的变迁,青云亭已纯粹是一座神庙了。
日本社会学家今堀诚二(Pro-Imahore Seiji)认为青云亭属于马六甲华侨商业基尔特(Guild)体制。所谓基尔特的组织性质,是基于华人的体制在同乡关系,同业关系(地缘与业缘)等的社会集团,以相互扶助和法律上的保护为目的,而宗教则起着统一所有社会阶层的作用。
据有关华人南洋移民史记载:早在十五世纪初,福建的商人就来到马六甲经商。到了十六世纪,即中国明代中晚期,豆腐街以及相邻的甲板街、赌间口一带,已形成相当大的华人村落,是马来半岛上华人最早的聚居地。从豆腐街到鸡场街,一路走去,隔不远就会看到地缘性的会馆:琼州会馆、永春会馆、潮州会馆、雷州会馆、福建会馆……。走进任何一间会馆,都可触摸到一馆丰厚的移民史和绵延不绝的故乡情思。
马六甲不只是一个低消费吃喝玩乐的地方,它还蕴藏着许多和新加坡历史一样有关华裔拓荒创业济世睦邻的动人故事。小镇的淳朴和七十年代的风情,不只是我的回忆,我相信它也会成为儿女们成长后一段当我们同在一起的回忆。
马六甲是马六甲海峡的咽喉,十五世纪时已是东西方交汇的著名商港和军事要塞,只有身临其境,才能深深感受到这片土地所存储着、涌动着的许多历史的记忆。
马六甲和新加坡有许多相似之处,特殊的地理位置和历史因缘给马六甲带来了多元文化,多元文化也成就了马六甲。在这些移民族群文化遗迹保留与否的问题上,多一些包容性和人文眼光,是符合所有族群的利益和文明发展趋势的。马来西亚政府也看准这一点,采取了明智之举,马六甲古城得以保留,成为世界历史遗产。我又多了一个地方可回忆。
新加坡国家博物馆的摄影艺术生活展厅有一张陈若锦一家子的照片,叙述一个继亲家庭保留财富的故事。这回谈马六甲,不谈陈若锦和继亲家庭。当年新马一衣带水,本是一家,许多著名的商贾慈善家都往来新加坡与马六甲之间。陈若锦的祖父陈金声在新加坡出钱建蓄水池,从此我们有了自来水供应。
陈金声和他的儿子陈明水(陈若锦的父亲)、陈明岩是马六甲青云亭第三至第五位亭主(1847-1864, 1864-1884,1884-1893)。清同治元年(1862)陈金声任亭主时期捐巨款修茸髹饰,清光绪廿年(1894)亭主陈明岩也效其父陈金声捐三千二百元重修青云亭。
青云亭是马来亚史上最悠久的古庙,座落于马六甲的庙堂街(Temple Street)。青云亭内供奉主神观音大士,当地人又称它为观音亭。青云亭名字的由来,取其平步青云之意。嘉庆六年重修青云亭碑记云:“吾想夫通货积财,应自始有,而臻富有莫大之崇高,有凌宵直上之势,如青云之得路焉,获利故无慊于得名也,故额斯亭曰青云亭”。碑记表达的是早期华裔移民的合理愿望和创业气魄,希望凭勤劳种植和正当经商而青云直上。
青云亭内有一面碑记,记载了一段青云亭的史迹。青云亭创建的日期颇多争论,很有可能是在明万历二十八年(1600年)或更前所建。碑文提起“郑李二公”,是马六甲第一任华人甲必丹郑芳扬(郑启基,倡建人),和第二任华人甲必丹李为经(李君常,也是主持建庙人之一)。
碑文提起“曾陈诸公”和“蔡君”,指的是郑芳扬(启基)、李为经(君常)和李正壕(仲坚)之后的甲必丹,分别为曾其禄(六官)、曾宪魁(光辉)、陈承阳、陈起厚( 起廉)、蔡士章(笃平)、曾有亮(敬信)和曾世芳(佛霖)。
马六甲第四任华人甲必丹曾其禄于清康熙四十三年(1794)大事修筑与扩充青云亭。 在第八代甲必丹蔡士章的带领下,青云亭的福利事业涉及面更广,包括“给孤独、恤孀婆、惕贫苦、赈灾黎”。庙内也设赠医施药所,惠及贫民。蔡士章于清嘉庆六年(1801)将青云亭加造重修,奠定了青云亭今日的面貌。
青云亭不但是历史最悠久的古庙,同时也是葡萄牙和荷兰统治马六甲时代华人社会的政务、法庭、宗教及精神信仰的中心。当时,任何有关华人的事务都由华人甲必丹去处理。因此葡萄牙和荷兰统治者委任的甲必丹历来都在青云亭设立官署。每当华人遇有难以解决的纠纷诉讼案都告到青云亭去,由甲必丹去秉 公审判。历代相承,华人甲必丹每逄朔望即于此开审案件,所有甲必丹都成了当时的大法官。
英国人在1824年接管马六甲,废除了华人甲必丹制度,华社以变通的方式,以青云亭亭主取代甲必丹的领导地位。亭主制度实行九十一年,共有六位亭主:梁美吉(1824-1839),薛佛记(1839-1847),陈金声(1847-1864),陈明水(1864-1884),陈明岩(1884-1893),陈若准(1893-1915)。
青云亭在1911年以前一直是团结华人,维护华人权利的根据地。这种亭主制度延续到1911年,英国海峡殖民地实施华民政务司公署制(Chinese Protectorate),在最后一任亭主陈若准逝世后,亭主制度才告终止。随着社会的变迁,青云亭已纯粹是一座神庙了。
日本社会学家今堀诚二(Pro-Imahore Seiji)认为青云亭属于马六甲华侨商业基尔特(Guild)体制。所谓基尔特的组织性质,是基于华人的体制在同乡关系,同业关系(地缘与业缘)等的社会集团,以相互扶助和法律上的保护为目的,而宗教则起着统一所有社会阶层的作用。
据有关华人南洋移民史记载:早在十五世纪初,福建的商人就来到马六甲经商。到了十六世纪,即中国明代中晚期,豆腐街以及相邻的甲板街、赌间口一带,已形成相当大的华人村落,是马来半岛上华人最早的聚居地。从豆腐街到鸡场街,一路走去,隔不远就会看到地缘性的会馆:琼州会馆、永春会馆、潮州会馆、雷州会馆、福建会馆……。走进任何一间会馆,都可触摸到一馆丰厚的移民史和绵延不绝的故乡情思。
马六甲不只是一个低消费吃喝玩乐的地方,它还蕴藏着许多和新加坡历史一样有关华裔拓荒创业济世睦邻的动人故事。小镇的淳朴和七十年代的风情,不只是我的回忆,我相信它也会成为儿女们成长后一段当我们同在一起的回忆。
Thursday, December 18, 2008
皇家山与童年的老榕树
新加坡国家博物馆外有一棵老榕树。博物馆旁的红砖国家图书馆都已经让位给城市发展,走入历史了;反而老榕树得以保存,让人缅怀榕树下的成长岁月。这还得谢谢国家公园局为植物保存定下了条规,致使谁也不想为了一棵树而成为千古罪人。
童年的皇家山麓国家剧场旁有两棵老榕树。老榕树是否真的老就不晓得了,反正榕树藤又长又韧,可以荡秋千。有同学一个不小心摔掉了门牙,还挨了父母一阵臭骂,从此讲话漏风,被引为笑柄。
国家剧场是由民间一元一砖筹建起来的文化乐园,建在皇家山坡上,三面环开,乘着晚风虫鸣叶响,与舞台上的文化融合一体,是自然与人文的最佳结合。城市发展似乎有一个不成文的条规,凡是阻碍城市发展的障碍物一律像过街老鼠,打倒打掉。以国家剧场结构安全为由,让贤了。老榕树也不得善终。
国家剧场是我每天上学放学必经之路。在台阶上小作停留,或进入大厅看免费画展,陶冶性情。年少时跟着父母亲在国家剧场看鹤山会馆的年庆,看冈州会馆的粤剧,看校友李兰娟领取全国最优秀学生奖。我早年在新加坡工艺学院毕业时,也在国家剧场领取毕业文凭。不过最难忘的还是1974年看了那场"十月文娱晚会",为了连素卿老师而看的。连素卿老师是代课老师,只教了两个月的课,她走的时候竟然使大家掉下最青最涩的眼泪,那拥在一起痛哭的一幕永远不能忘怀。
沿着国家剧场旁的石阶往上爬,山上的小径是回家的路。居高望远,伊丽莎白道外的海面原来是千变万化的,海天并非一色。山林、椰树、大海、轮船,思绪有多远世界便有多远。
绕着皇家山上的小径,来到新加坡国家博物馆的后院,有捡不完的相思豆。红豆生南国,春来发几枝。愿君多采摘,此物最相思。相思豆像颗爱的心,红得叫人怜爱不已。
十年时光转瞬间流逝,十年的中小学生涯落幕了,山上的生活也告一段落。
皇家山麓的里巴巴利(River Valley)游泳池、凡克夫(Van Kliff)水族馆都了无痕迹,国家剧场那指向苍穹的红砖地标只留心中,如歌曲所唱的,it's always in my mind, it's always in my mind.
有意无意间我又回到榕树下,国家博物馆的老榕树。老榕树似曾相识,不过物换星移,我们又走多了一段人生路程。能够回到童年的地方参与社区工作是件好事,至少还有迹可寻,还有童年、还有城市的记忆。更可贵的是结交了一群还有一腔热忱的新朋友,将青春回馈给社会。有一天我们会像榕树一起老去,可是生而无憾,去亦无悔。
童年的皇家山麓国家剧场旁有两棵老榕树。老榕树是否真的老就不晓得了,反正榕树藤又长又韧,可以荡秋千。有同学一个不小心摔掉了门牙,还挨了父母一阵臭骂,从此讲话漏风,被引为笑柄。
国家剧场是由民间一元一砖筹建起来的文化乐园,建在皇家山坡上,三面环开,乘着晚风虫鸣叶响,与舞台上的文化融合一体,是自然与人文的最佳结合。城市发展似乎有一个不成文的条规,凡是阻碍城市发展的障碍物一律像过街老鼠,打倒打掉。以国家剧场结构安全为由,让贤了。老榕树也不得善终。
国家剧场是我每天上学放学必经之路。在台阶上小作停留,或进入大厅看免费画展,陶冶性情。年少时跟着父母亲在国家剧场看鹤山会馆的年庆,看冈州会馆的粤剧,看校友李兰娟领取全国最优秀学生奖。我早年在新加坡工艺学院毕业时,也在国家剧场领取毕业文凭。不过最难忘的还是1974年看了那场"十月文娱晚会",为了连素卿老师而看的。连素卿老师是代课老师,只教了两个月的课,她走的时候竟然使大家掉下最青最涩的眼泪,那拥在一起痛哭的一幕永远不能忘怀。
沿着国家剧场旁的石阶往上爬,山上的小径是回家的路。居高望远,伊丽莎白道外的海面原来是千变万化的,海天并非一色。山林、椰树、大海、轮船,思绪有多远世界便有多远。
绕着皇家山上的小径,来到新加坡国家博物馆的后院,有捡不完的相思豆。红豆生南国,春来发几枝。愿君多采摘,此物最相思。相思豆像颗爱的心,红得叫人怜爱不已。
十年时光转瞬间流逝,十年的中小学生涯落幕了,山上的生活也告一段落。
皇家山麓的里巴巴利(River Valley)游泳池、凡克夫(Van Kliff)水族馆都了无痕迹,国家剧场那指向苍穹的红砖地标只留心中,如歌曲所唱的,it's always in my mind, it's always in my mind.
有意无意间我又回到榕树下,国家博物馆的老榕树。老榕树似曾相识,不过物换星移,我们又走多了一段人生路程。能够回到童年的地方参与社区工作是件好事,至少还有迹可寻,还有童年、还有城市的记忆。更可贵的是结交了一群还有一腔热忱的新朋友,将青春回馈给社会。有一天我们会像榕树一起老去,可是生而无憾,去亦无悔。
Friday, December 05, 2008
Folklore of Mount Ophir 金山传奇
Mount Ophir, 金山, known in Malay as Gunung Ledang. The summit, standing at 1276m above sea level, is located between the border of Muar (Johor) and Malacca.
Mount Ophir is the 64th highest mountain in Malaysia and arguably the most climbed mountain in the country due to its accessibility and challenging terrain.
Mount Ophir also has one of the higher climbing fatalities in the region of South-East Asia. From my own eyes, I witnessed two fatal incidents at the waterfall, 30 minutes from the foot of the mountain. I was told that there were also cases where campers were crushed by falling trees in separate incidents, hence camping at the submit is forbidden now.
Why does it call Gunung Ledang, Mount Ophir, and 金山 which means Golden Mountain?
Ancient history points to the mountain being the site of rich gold deposits, luring traders from as far as Greece and China. The name ‘Ophir’ is likely originated from the Hebrew language. In the 14th Century, the Chinese seafarers plying the Straits of Malacca called it ‘Kim Sua’ meaning the ‘Golden Mountain’. The Javanese during the period of the Majapahit empire named the mountain ‘Gunung Ledang’, which means ‘mount from afar’.
There is a popular Malaysian folklore.
There was a beautiful fairy princess, Puteri Gunung Ledang (Princess of Mt. Ledang) who lived in this mountain. The princess fell in love with the Prince of Gunung Rundok and they were eventually married and stayed on Pulau Besar (Big Island) at the Straits of Malacca.
One day while the Puteri was sewing, her husband sneaked playfully from her back to give her a surprise. She was shocked and accidentally poked the needle into her husband's hand, killing him on the spot.
Feeling devastated, the Princess returned to Gunung Ledang and vowed never to marry again till the day she dies.
Meanwhile, the beauty of the Princess of Gunung Ledang had spread to Sultan Mahmud, the ruler of Malacca. The Sultan decided to make a marriage proposal to her. A team led by Tun Mamat and consisted of Malacca's legendary heroes Hang Tuah and Hang Setia, was sent to Gunung Ledang. But at the foot of the mountain, the team encountered a heavy storm and could not proceed further no matter how hard they tried.
Eventually, Hang Tuah aged. Tun Mamat went alone through the dense forest and tough terrain, and finally reached the summit after much difficulties.
Tun Mamat was greeted by an old lady who was a servant of the Princess. Tun Mamat told her the marriage proposal. After disappeared to consult the princess, she returned and said: "The Princess agrees to His Majesty's proposal, provided that His Majesty will build a bridge of silver and gold from Malacca to Gunung Ledang, and grant the Princess the following wishes: seven trays of mosquito's heart, seven trays of mite's heart, one barrel of tears, one barrel of pinang juice, one bowl of His Majesty's blood and one bowl of His Majesty's son, Raja Ahmad's blood. "
Tun Mamat returned to Malacca with Hang Tuah and Hang Setia and presented the requests to the Sultan. His Majesty granted all the wishes except for the last, which put the Sultan into a state of dilemma as giving a bowl of blood from his young son would mean killing him.
After long days and restless nights of consideration, Sultan stepped into his sons room in the night, with a dagger in one hand and a bowl in the other. He approached his sons sleeping body, and as he drew close, the image of the Princess appeared before the Sultan and said to him that she could not possibly marry a man willing to wound his own son. And then she vanished, never to be seen again.
The wishes were just the Princess' excuses for not accepting the Sultan's marriage proposal, as she still deeply loved her late husband. The locals believe that the Princess is still living on the mountain today, and can only be seen by the Malay medicine man or the people who lost their way in the forest. The kind hearted Princess will come out and assist these people.
There is also saying that in the morning, the Princess would appear as a young and beautiful lady. By noon she has grown to become a mature woman and in the evening, an old lady. The cycle would repeat day after day, year after year. Princess of Gunung Ledang will never die.
Mount Ophir is the 64th highest mountain in Malaysia and arguably the most climbed mountain in the country due to its accessibility and challenging terrain.
Mount Ophir also has one of the higher climbing fatalities in the region of South-East Asia. From my own eyes, I witnessed two fatal incidents at the waterfall, 30 minutes from the foot of the mountain. I was told that there were also cases where campers were crushed by falling trees in separate incidents, hence camping at the submit is forbidden now.
Why does it call Gunung Ledang, Mount Ophir, and 金山 which means Golden Mountain?
Ancient history points to the mountain being the site of rich gold deposits, luring traders from as far as Greece and China. The name ‘Ophir’ is likely originated from the Hebrew language. In the 14th Century, the Chinese seafarers plying the Straits of Malacca called it ‘Kim Sua’ meaning the ‘Golden Mountain’. The Javanese during the period of the Majapahit empire named the mountain ‘Gunung Ledang’, which means ‘mount from afar’.
There is a popular Malaysian folklore.
There was a beautiful fairy princess, Puteri Gunung Ledang (Princess of Mt. Ledang) who lived in this mountain. The princess fell in love with the Prince of Gunung Rundok and they were eventually married and stayed on Pulau Besar (Big Island) at the Straits of Malacca.
One day while the Puteri was sewing, her husband sneaked playfully from her back to give her a surprise. She was shocked and accidentally poked the needle into her husband's hand, killing him on the spot.
Feeling devastated, the Princess returned to Gunung Ledang and vowed never to marry again till the day she dies.
Meanwhile, the beauty of the Princess of Gunung Ledang had spread to Sultan Mahmud, the ruler of Malacca. The Sultan decided to make a marriage proposal to her. A team led by Tun Mamat and consisted of Malacca's legendary heroes Hang Tuah and Hang Setia, was sent to Gunung Ledang. But at the foot of the mountain, the team encountered a heavy storm and could not proceed further no matter how hard they tried.
Eventually, Hang Tuah aged. Tun Mamat went alone through the dense forest and tough terrain, and finally reached the summit after much difficulties.
Tun Mamat was greeted by an old lady who was a servant of the Princess. Tun Mamat told her the marriage proposal. After disappeared to consult the princess, she returned and said: "The Princess agrees to His Majesty's proposal, provided that His Majesty will build a bridge of silver and gold from Malacca to Gunung Ledang, and grant the Princess the following wishes: seven trays of mosquito's heart, seven trays of mite's heart, one barrel of tears, one barrel of pinang juice, one bowl of His Majesty's blood and one bowl of His Majesty's son, Raja Ahmad's blood. "
Tun Mamat returned to Malacca with Hang Tuah and Hang Setia and presented the requests to the Sultan. His Majesty granted all the wishes except for the last, which put the Sultan into a state of dilemma as giving a bowl of blood from his young son would mean killing him.
After long days and restless nights of consideration, Sultan stepped into his sons room in the night, with a dagger in one hand and a bowl in the other. He approached his sons sleeping body, and as he drew close, the image of the Princess appeared before the Sultan and said to him that she could not possibly marry a man willing to wound his own son. And then she vanished, never to be seen again.
The wishes were just the Princess' excuses for not accepting the Sultan's marriage proposal, as she still deeply loved her late husband. The locals believe that the Princess is still living on the mountain today, and can only be seen by the Malay medicine man or the people who lost their way in the forest. The kind hearted Princess will come out and assist these people.
There is also saying that in the morning, the Princess would appear as a young and beautiful lady. By noon she has grown to become a mature woman and in the evening, an old lady. The cycle would repeat day after day, year after year. Princess of Gunung Ledang will never die.
Thursday, November 27, 2008
金山行
金山比不上什么名山大川,有什么好谈的呢?
泰山贵为五岳之尊,秦皇汉武曾经在此封天禅地,凌绝顶,度沧海。黄山归来不看山,泰山归来不看岳,金山在马来西亚柔佛与马六甲的边界,高不过一千米,不是奇峰异石,也不格外陡峻。无限风光在险峰?还差得远呢!
山不在高,有仙则灵。金山的神仙到底在何处?
第一次上金山,年方二十一,风华正茂,正因为不知天高地厚,也上得最辛苦,不晓得节省体力,结果老早就漏气了。勉勉强强登上顶峰,花了整七个小时。
这群上山的朋友在工院中文协会相知相遇,毕业后大家为了保持一个完美的回忆,他日倘若再相见,必定把时代推得更前!赤子之心,最纯真无邪,最青涩,也最美。
第二次上金山,年方二十二,意气蓬勃,与六位军友临别秋波,让他们以爬山的形式来为我践行,标新立异。这次竟然迷了路,浪费了六个小时与体力,只能在半山腰扎营过夜,半夜还碰到一只类似狐狸的红皮动物来偷食物。当时艺高人胆大,可没想过害怕。这趟旅程最值得回味的并非人在征途上,而是在山林中找出路的六个小时。
第三次上金山,年已二十五,在社会上正正式式的混了将近三年,碰了一鼻子灰,对人生对人性都感到极度困扰,想起庄子的逍遥游,也想随他乘风归去,独与天地往来。不过假期也不过那三两天,金山是最好的选择。这回只跟赐福和志明登山,上山下山只花了不到七个小时,也许是早已累积了登山经验的关系吧?我们已经晓得如何避重就轻,让体力与精神融为一体。
第四次上金山,年已二十九,那时刚在南洋理工大学修完三年课,那三年的日子骑虎难下,但既然作了重回校园的选择,只好咬紧牙关,一步一脚印。挨完了,心情也轻松了,一切的付出都变得值得。这群登山的朋友整二十人,我原只认识两人。相知相遇便是朋友,又何必去计较?这时所享受的是登山的过程,不再与时间赛跑了。行到水穷处,坐看云起时,第二天清晨迎着朝阳,世界多美好。原来不去计较得失,得多过失!
第五次上金山,年已三十,跟一群南洋理工大学中文学会的朋友。南洋理工那三年,我是禅心已作飞泥絮,怎么跟中文学会的朋友来往了?其实是通过健茂。世人熙熙,皆为利来,世人攘攘,皆为利往,非仁非智。仁者乐山,智者乐水,金山有山也有水,正符合我当时的追求。今生今世我们的心可以遨游到多远?
第六次上金山,年已三十九,有心无力,只能在另一个山头爬起,偷工减料。我们都拖儿携女,儿女年幼,气力不济,登山危险。儿女成为我们的藉口。站在山峰隐隐约约有把声音说这该是你的最后一次了。不禁念天地之悠悠,独仓然而泪下。
第一次1982年,第六次2000年,前后跨了一个世纪。流光一逝二十八载,红了樱桃,绿了芭蕉。对外在世界多了宽容感恩,胜过把时代推得更前那华而不实的豪语。
金山虽然不是名山大川,千里之行,源于足下。它伴随着我的青春岁月,陪我走入中年。它教我在自然中超越自我,脚踏峰顶一块实地,头顶一片自在蓝天,天地人融为一体,原来可以穿越时空!千古尘埃是自找的,既然由来无一物,又从何处惹尘埃?
山不在高,有仙则灵。仙在何处?仙在我心。
泰山贵为五岳之尊,秦皇汉武曾经在此封天禅地,凌绝顶,度沧海。黄山归来不看山,泰山归来不看岳,金山在马来西亚柔佛与马六甲的边界,高不过一千米,不是奇峰异石,也不格外陡峻。无限风光在险峰?还差得远呢!
山不在高,有仙则灵。金山的神仙到底在何处?
第一次上金山,年方二十一,风华正茂,正因为不知天高地厚,也上得最辛苦,不晓得节省体力,结果老早就漏气了。勉勉强强登上顶峰,花了整七个小时。
这群上山的朋友在工院中文协会相知相遇,毕业后大家为了保持一个完美的回忆,他日倘若再相见,必定把时代推得更前!赤子之心,最纯真无邪,最青涩,也最美。
第二次上金山,年方二十二,意气蓬勃,与六位军友临别秋波,让他们以爬山的形式来为我践行,标新立异。这次竟然迷了路,浪费了六个小时与体力,只能在半山腰扎营过夜,半夜还碰到一只类似狐狸的红皮动物来偷食物。当时艺高人胆大,可没想过害怕。这趟旅程最值得回味的并非人在征途上,而是在山林中找出路的六个小时。
第三次上金山,年已二十五,在社会上正正式式的混了将近三年,碰了一鼻子灰,对人生对人性都感到极度困扰,想起庄子的逍遥游,也想随他乘风归去,独与天地往来。不过假期也不过那三两天,金山是最好的选择。这回只跟赐福和志明登山,上山下山只花了不到七个小时,也许是早已累积了登山经验的关系吧?我们已经晓得如何避重就轻,让体力与精神融为一体。
第四次上金山,年已二十九,那时刚在南洋理工大学修完三年课,那三年的日子骑虎难下,但既然作了重回校园的选择,只好咬紧牙关,一步一脚印。挨完了,心情也轻松了,一切的付出都变得值得。这群登山的朋友整二十人,我原只认识两人。相知相遇便是朋友,又何必去计较?这时所享受的是登山的过程,不再与时间赛跑了。行到水穷处,坐看云起时,第二天清晨迎着朝阳,世界多美好。原来不去计较得失,得多过失!
第五次上金山,年已三十,跟一群南洋理工大学中文学会的朋友。南洋理工那三年,我是禅心已作飞泥絮,怎么跟中文学会的朋友来往了?其实是通过健茂。世人熙熙,皆为利来,世人攘攘,皆为利往,非仁非智。仁者乐山,智者乐水,金山有山也有水,正符合我当时的追求。今生今世我们的心可以遨游到多远?
第六次上金山,年已三十九,有心无力,只能在另一个山头爬起,偷工减料。我们都拖儿携女,儿女年幼,气力不济,登山危险。儿女成为我们的藉口。站在山峰隐隐约约有把声音说这该是你的最后一次了。不禁念天地之悠悠,独仓然而泪下。
第一次1982年,第六次2000年,前后跨了一个世纪。流光一逝二十八载,红了樱桃,绿了芭蕉。对外在世界多了宽容感恩,胜过把时代推得更前那华而不实的豪语。
金山虽然不是名山大川,千里之行,源于足下。它伴随着我的青春岁月,陪我走入中年。它教我在自然中超越自我,脚踏峰顶一块实地,头顶一片自在蓝天,天地人融为一体,原来可以穿越时空!千古尘埃是自找的,既然由来无一物,又从何处惹尘埃?
山不在高,有仙则灵。仙在何处?仙在我心。
Thursday, November 06, 2008
Before sunset
Read the article “城市空间”by Soo Hoon. It strikes my memories of the great cities. I asked her which cities impressed her most. She said, “Paris, Geneva, Berne. These cities did well in preserving the eco-systems. In comparison, we destructed many old architectures. In the process of demolishing, we also destroyed memories. For example, the red brick national library.”
It reminded me how I was emotionally lost for quite some time, graving about the tearing down of the red brick national library then. It was my childhood, my student days, my growing up years. It also accompanied the growth of many other people. Just because somebody drew a baseless conclusion, saying that it had no historic value. Bang! Door closed. In the next moment, our memories were sent to graveyard.
I like to stroll at the river bank of Seine, Paris. Palm trees situated along the river banks in addition to the old book stores, infamous artists, crowd and romance.
Paris is small, no corner is farther than 10km from the square in front of Notre-Dame Cathedral. The old buildings, the riverboats, the changes of colour reflected by the water, the gardens, and the 32 handsome bridges compose one of the world's finest, grandness and yet most endearing cityscapes in the contemporary world. Palais de Chaillot, Eiffel Tower, Champ-de-Mars, Ecole Militaire, Invalides....
Oh yes. Remember Before Sun Set (2004)? Director Richard Linklater, Ethan Hawke and Julie Delpy collaborated for Before Sunrise (1995) and again in 2004. Inspirational love story.
It's 9 years later. Jesse (Ethan Hawke) has written a book about his one night in Vienna with Celine (Julie Delpy). He is on a promotion tour of European cities, last stop: Paris. Jesse is promoting his book in the Shakespeare & Co. bookshop. Celine has read his book and, as she is a regular patron of the bookshop, is aware that Jesse will be in town. Just as his talk is coming to an end, she appears ethereally at the window. They go out for coffee and spend the rest of the day catching up on each other's lives. But really they are just picking up what they left in 1995.
In Before Sunrise when Jesse persuades Celine to get off the train with him and spend the night in Vienna. Before Sunset fulfills that "what if", a decade later when Celine is stuck in a relationship that is not really fulfilling; and she thinks back to what could have been if she'd stuck with that guy she met all those years ago...
Jesse and Celine are so much into each other that they barely notice the Paris streets and parks they walk through. Time seems more precious than their first meeting, which seemed suspended in a timeless bliss. Their time together is limited. The entire film is like those delicious last moments of a conversation where both of you are dallying; neither wants to put an end to it because, in a way, that will be a rejection of the other person.
Paris has thought me that life is not perfect. Because of imperfection, with regret and you need a greater tolerance to overcome it, life becomes beautiful and real.
But the grand and romantic Paris is not my dream city. My heart goes to London. Camden Town of London.
Why? The answer is indeed very simple. Because of Memories. City needs memories. Memory is a soft art that touches people's heart. Camden Town was the first foreign town that I called it a home. It helped me to realise one of my childhood dreams. At that time, my wife just married to me and followed me to this strange city that she'd never been, and stayed with me for one full year. We built our home. We gave born to our first child.... We created our very own grandness and fondness memories.
Deep in our heart we are finding a living space which calls home. To me,"城市空间"is really about memories, about affection to our memories.
Hence, every return to London and before sunset, I would spend time in Camden Town. Because it is unique, it is special. It is my memories.
It reminded me how I was emotionally lost for quite some time, graving about the tearing down of the red brick national library then. It was my childhood, my student days, my growing up years. It also accompanied the growth of many other people. Just because somebody drew a baseless conclusion, saying that it had no historic value. Bang! Door closed. In the next moment, our memories were sent to graveyard.
I like to stroll at the river bank of Seine, Paris. Palm trees situated along the river banks in addition to the old book stores, infamous artists, crowd and romance.
Paris is small, no corner is farther than 10km from the square in front of Notre-Dame Cathedral. The old buildings, the riverboats, the changes of colour reflected by the water, the gardens, and the 32 handsome bridges compose one of the world's finest, grandness and yet most endearing cityscapes in the contemporary world. Palais de Chaillot, Eiffel Tower, Champ-de-Mars, Ecole Militaire, Invalides....
Oh yes. Remember Before Sun Set (2004)? Director Richard Linklater, Ethan Hawke and Julie Delpy collaborated for Before Sunrise (1995) and again in 2004. Inspirational love story.
It's 9 years later. Jesse (Ethan Hawke) has written a book about his one night in Vienna with Celine (Julie Delpy). He is on a promotion tour of European cities, last stop: Paris. Jesse is promoting his book in the Shakespeare & Co. bookshop. Celine has read his book and, as she is a regular patron of the bookshop, is aware that Jesse will be in town. Just as his talk is coming to an end, she appears ethereally at the window. They go out for coffee and spend the rest of the day catching up on each other's lives. But really they are just picking up what they left in 1995.
In Before Sunrise when Jesse persuades Celine to get off the train with him and spend the night in Vienna. Before Sunset fulfills that "what if", a decade later when Celine is stuck in a relationship that is not really fulfilling; and she thinks back to what could have been if she'd stuck with that guy she met all those years ago...
Jesse and Celine are so much into each other that they barely notice the Paris streets and parks they walk through. Time seems more precious than their first meeting, which seemed suspended in a timeless bliss. Their time together is limited. The entire film is like those delicious last moments of a conversation where both of you are dallying; neither wants to put an end to it because, in a way, that will be a rejection of the other person.
Paris has thought me that life is not perfect. Because of imperfection, with regret and you need a greater tolerance to overcome it, life becomes beautiful and real.
But the grand and romantic Paris is not my dream city. My heart goes to London. Camden Town of London.
Why? The answer is indeed very simple. Because of Memories. City needs memories. Memory is a soft art that touches people's heart. Camden Town was the first foreign town that I called it a home. It helped me to realise one of my childhood dreams. At that time, my wife just married to me and followed me to this strange city that she'd never been, and stayed with me for one full year. We built our home. We gave born to our first child.... We created our very own grandness and fondness memories.
Deep in our heart we are finding a living space which calls home. To me,"城市空间"is really about memories, about affection to our memories.
Hence, every return to London and before sunset, I would spend time in Camden Town. Because it is unique, it is special. It is my memories.
Sunday, October 19, 2008
死不望乡的南洋姐 (Part 3 of 3)
归乡不归乡?
1904年日俄战争,1910年朝日战争,日本都打了胜仗,国运兴隆。随着日本经济复苏,日本政府已不再需要依靠贩卖南洋姐赚取外汇。1920年, 日本政府以有辱国耻为由,禁止日本女人在国外卖身,不过许多南洋姐都不愿回乡。日本人加在南洋姐的名堂是很屈辱性的,如淫卖、丑业妇、娼妓、贱业妇、娘子军、卖笑妇等。南洋姐怕被家乡和族人排斥,宁愿继续留在本地。
(侮辱性的形容词)
上世纪三十年代世界经济大萧条,日本经济再度大受打击。为了养家,农村女子重复着历史命运,出国当娼妓去了。
当日本军队占领新加坡时,原先在这里的妓女再加上军妓,日妓的数量更是空前,连南华女子中学也被征用,成了日本艺妓馆。有人戏称日妓为“大和部队”,与皇军“并驾齐驱”。据说还有一位日本官员故意向寺内寿一总司令报告“大和部队已经打进来了”,寺内寿一因此把不少军妓遣送回国。但日本妓女真正锐减是在日本投降之后。这些女子不是战争的发动者,也没有因战争而有任何得益,可是在更屈辱的大背景下她们实在无法继续谋生了。
静默的黄土
余秋雨在《天涯故事》中提到这些客死异乡的日本妓女的集体坟墓就在新加坡一个偏僻的地方,这个“偏僻的地方”其实是日本墓地公园。1888年, 妓院老板二木多贺治郎捐出七公顷橡胶园建成日本墓地,埋葬那些年轻死去的妓女。
(宁静的墓园)
(南洋姐下南洋,跟日本军国主义息息相关)
日妓南下与日本经济萧条有密切关系,而经济萧条又是日本必须向外扩张的根本动因。日本妓女的墓碑与日军元师寺内寿一及一万多部下的坟墓紧紧靠在一起,似乎在有意无意间把历史逻辑化。
(寺内寿一的墓碑)
南洋姐都有过青春年华,但很快都成了一枚枚琐小的骨骸,掩埋在异地的荒草中。在上千个墓碑上,连一个真名字也没有留下。石碑上刻着的都是戒名,如“慈音信女”、“端念信女”、“忍芳信女”、“妙芳信女”等等,好些还显然是死者的姐妹们凑几个钱托人刻上去的。
(墓地公园内的信女的墓碑)
这些南洋姐不具真名的一个原因可能是为了保存一点生命的信念,皈依了佛教,希望在虔诚的祈求间,来世能够过个好日子。另一个可能性是要隐瞒自己家族的姓氏,不使遥远的族人因自己而招腥惹臭。
这些墓碑群什么资料也没有留下,墓碑群所埋藏的故事也随着时光湮灭。她们的墓碑并非对着她们的故乡,而是一律面向西方。这到底是什么原因呢?
相关链接
死不望乡的南洋姐 (Part 1)
Wednesday, October 15, 2008
死不望乡的南洋姐 (Part 2)
南洋姐的梦
一旦落到妓院老板的手里,南洋姐便变成了囚犯一般。妓院老板已经花了钱,她们付不起赎金就只好听老板的话。老板和人肉贩子们就靠她们卖身挣钱。南洋姐每日接客人数从几个人到三十个人不等,每个月能挣取75至150元,差不多是妈姐一年的收入。她们从客人手里拿到的钱自己收一半,其余的一半交给老板。
日本女子的美貌与温柔使她们很快地满足了男人的欲望。雄心勃勃的创业者、含辛茹苦的锡矿工人都能找到适合自己的日本娼寮。各国、各族的嫖客在日本妓院中进进出出,妓院生意欣欣向荣。明治十年(1877年),马来街有两家日本妓院,其后数年日本妓院数目逐年增加,到明治二十年(1887年)南洋姐人数为百人,日俄战争爆发时(明治三十七年,1904年)有妓院109所,南洋姐633人,如果包括非法娼妓,人数超过一千。因此马来街还有个名堂,叫做日本娼馆街。
(马来街的日妓。图片来源:互联网)
坪谷水哉游记写道:“从驶有电车的大街进人小胡同,左右两边几条小街都是日本人开的商店。楼房有两层的也有三层的,门牌有叫二十号的,也有叫三十号的。楼门口挂着磨砂灯泡的电灯。白天这些电灯泡不亮,整个街道像是沉睡一般,一旦夜晚到来,这里热闹非凡,像是到了另一个世界。一家家妓院的门口大抵在中央放一张桌子,靠墙放一排椅子,在桌旁也放两三把椅子。这是为南洋姐等候客人和谈价钱的方便放置的。妓女有的像杂技演员,有的像魔术师的女弟子,有的像纺织女工,多着洋装。其中有人穿鲜艳的针织衣服系一根细带,还有人穿单和服故意露出系在里边的红色腰带。她们的肤色像冬瓜瓤一样白,在电灯光下脸色更加苍白。她们对中国苦力和印度的黑色皮肤的下等人不加选择地打招呼。这就是普通的接客的形式。其中也有不设铺面的高档一点儿的妓院,等客人上门。这种妓院门口不放椅子,从店头直接上二楼,楼梯上铺着地毯。”
南洋姐挣钱还债和寄钱回老家,所剩不多。她们最后的出路是什么呢?她们最大的奢望是找一个正经的日本男人结婚,建立一个平凡的家庭,但这个希望几乎是不可能实现的,于是有些选择嫁给华侨和马来人当妾室。
(南洋姐喜欢到相馆拍照,留下年轻的倩影)
能结婚的南洋姐还算幸运,得不到这种机会的南洋姐的命运可悲惨了。她们从嫖客那里感染梅毒、淋病,那个时代这些病是不治之症,又加上妓院老板吝啬不许她们治病,许多南洋姐就这样客死异乡。当然也有少数幸运者生存着,四、五十岁还在继续接客,到了实在接不了客的时候,被老板欺凌,只好自杀了结此生。
相关链接
死不望乡的南洋姐 (Part 1)
死不望乡的南洋姐 (Part 3 of 3)
Sunday, October 12, 2008
死不望乡的南洋姐 (Part 1)
到墓地去
在十月四日的讨论会上有人提出在面对日本朋友时,博物院摄影展馆里的日妓照片可能会引起尴尬的场面。为此,我到日本墓地公园(The Japanese Cemetery Park,825B Chuan Hoe Avenue)开始了一个迷你探险的旅程。
墓地公园,简单的说就是坟墓。到坟墓探险?是啊!我艺高人胆大嘛!一笑。其实看管墓园的老汉已经跟亡魂生活了一辈子,他才是炉火纯青,登峰造极的高手。
在墓地公园走了一圈后才发觉我们的担忧可能是多余的。其实我们的日本朋友早就以豁达的气度来面对过去的事实。前事不忘,后事之师,历史是人文的借鉴。
南洋姐
早期的新加坡住着一群被历史遗忘的少数民族—日本妓女“南洋姐” (Karayuki-san),她们早在1877年已经到新加坡谋生,比侵占南洋的日军早来了超过半个世纪。日妓的来源地主要是九州(日本南部岛屿)的长崎县与包括天草岛在内的熊本县(Shimabara Peninsula in Nagasaki Prefecture,Amakusa Islands in Kumamoto Prefecture)。
今日的日本是世界第二大经济体,明治(1868-1912)前却是个贫穷落后的国家。明治维新把国门打开,引进西方的科学技术,使日本脱胎换骨,成为经济与军事强国。
十九世纪末日本经济萧条,九州的农村生活贫困,日本少女为了一家人的生活离乡背井,到国外赚钱,汇款回乡。她们的牺牲为日本开展泉源,找到新的活路。
南洋因为橡胶和锡矿而得天独厚,经济繁荣。新加坡是南洋姐的最大市场,日本妓院多集中于马来街(Malay Street),海南街(Hylam Street)和武夷士街 (Bugis Street)。如今这个红灯区已经成为商业中心(Bugis Junction)。
1877年, 马来街有两家妓院,14个日妓。新加坡的第一位日本妓女是明治初年的一个日本寡妇,她的英国丈夫在新加坡死去了。也有人说是一个在横滨出生的叫阿丰的女子,她是明治四年到新加坡的。除此之外,还有别的说法,说第一个到新加坡的日本南洋姐是叫做安子的女人,她剪短了乌黑的头发女扮男装来到这里。还有人说是一个叫“传多婆”的人,她是随日本杂技团来到新加坡的,来了之后就再也没回去。无论哪个说法都好,总之从明治初年起日本就向海外贩卖南洋姐了。
那些人肉贩子大多是贫苦人家,在日本没有谋生手段,梦想发大财,于是来到海外当起人肉贩子。这些人肉贩子每年都会找上500至600个姑娘来补仓,在日本内地将诱拐的姑娘装上轮船底舱或运煤舱偷渡出境。船到岸后,姑娘们换上新衣服,走到设在码头仓库的拍卖场。她们在仓库前站成一排,等妓院老板来到后就开始拍卖,姿色好的卖到一千至两千元,姿色差的卖四、五百元(当时日元与新元几乎等值)。或许她们真正相信了人肉贩子的谎言,以为自己今后会在旅馆工作呢!
(日本人墓地公园,Chuan Hoe Avenue)
(《望乡》的剧照。图片来源:互联网)
相关链接:
Thursday, September 25, 2008
Nowhere man, Nowhere land -橱窗透过时代倩影
三四十年一转,迷嬉装(Maxi)又流行起来。追源朔流,迷嬉装与叛逆的嬉皮士文化息息相关。
美国流行的嬉皮士(Hippie)文化的传播,对上世纪60年代末70年代初的青年影响深远。摇滚乐,迪斯科成为一股新浪潮,也同时带来各种社会问题。嬉皮士是西方国家1960和1970年代反抗习俗和当时政治的年轻人,嬉皮士运动代表着年轻人在反叛的自我意识的推动下通向未知天地的旅程。当时美国经济发达,可是年轻人却面对国家认同感的危机,对此,约翰肯尼地 (John Fitzgerald Kennedy)发表的就职演讲有一句至理名言:“不要问国家能为你做什么,你应该问你能为国家做什么。”(Ask not what your country can do for you. Ask what you can do for your country。)
嬉皮士想要改变他们的内心而乖离社会的主流,有许多嬉皮士希望利用毒品所产生的幻觉来达到内心的追求,并通过反传统的行为作风如蓄流长发,大胡子,色彩鲜艳的衣着或不寻常的衣饰来取得认同。他们的迷失可以通过当年著名的乐队Beatles 的歌曲Nowhere Man来表达:
He's a real nowhere Man,
Sitting in his Nowhere Land,
Making all his nowhere plans for nobody.
Doesn't have a point of view,
Knows not where he's going to,
Isn't he a bit like you and me?
Nowhere Man, please listen,
You don't know what you're missin',
Nowhere Man, the world is at your command.
那个年代除了嬉皮士和迪斯科装扮外,英国时装设计家Ossie Clark 和 John Bates等人所设计的迷嬉装也曾经流行一时 ,带动全世界的时装潮流。迷嬉装以反潮流为考量,当年流行迷你裙及紧身裁剪,迷嬉装则宽而长,颜色鲜艳,斑斓中带有迷幻的神采,配合几何花纹,自成一格。
美国流行的嬉皮士(Hippie)文化的传播,对上世纪60年代末70年代初的青年影响深远。摇滚乐,迪斯科成为一股新浪潮,也同时带来各种社会问题。嬉皮士是西方国家1960和1970年代反抗习俗和当时政治的年轻人,嬉皮士运动代表着年轻人在反叛的自我意识的推动下通向未知天地的旅程。当时美国经济发达,可是年轻人却面对国家认同感的危机,对此,约翰肯尼地 (John Fitzgerald Kennedy)发表的就职演讲有一句至理名言:“不要问国家能为你做什么,你应该问你能为国家做什么。”(Ask not what your country can do for you. Ask what you can do for your country。)
嬉皮士想要改变他们的内心而乖离社会的主流,有许多嬉皮士希望利用毒品所产生的幻觉来达到内心的追求,并通过反传统的行为作风如蓄流长发,大胡子,色彩鲜艳的衣着或不寻常的衣饰来取得认同。他们的迷失可以通过当年著名的乐队Beatles 的歌曲Nowhere Man来表达:
He's a real nowhere Man,
Sitting in his Nowhere Land,
Making all his nowhere plans for nobody.
Doesn't have a point of view,
Knows not where he's going to,
Isn't he a bit like you and me?
Nowhere Man, please listen,
You don't know what you're missin',
Nowhere Man, the world is at your command.
那个年代除了嬉皮士和迪斯科装扮外,英国时装设计家Ossie Clark 和 John Bates等人所设计的迷嬉装也曾经流行一时 ,带动全世界的时装潮流。迷嬉装以反潮流为考量,当年流行迷你裙及紧身裁剪,迷嬉装则宽而长,颜色鲜艳,斑斓中带有迷幻的神采,配合几何花纹,自成一格。