Friday, November 20, 2009

堆砌情感

年初通过参与Christian Lacroix的舞台服装设计展览,对登上世界级舞台的服装制作有多一些认知,不得不佩服服装设计师的灵感巧思。一张桌布、破旧的窗帘、手术室用过就丢的‘纸衣’(特卫强,Tyvek)、跳蚤市场的二手货都可以登上大舞台,演绎一场场的古典与现代神奇。
http://navalants.blogspot.com/2009/04/christian-lacroix_20.html

Christian Lacroix的一款服装设计是补丁式(patch work)服装,用于《卡门》这部歌剧。年少时见过也穿过补丁的衣服。补丁的衣服其实就是衣服穿了洞,用另一块布把洞补好,就可以继续穿了。


(卡门-吉普赛女郎的舞衣)

(Christian Lacroix 的补丁式礼服, patchwork gown)

后来进入嬉皮士年代(70年代初期),补丁的牛仔裤成为时尚。为了跟得上潮流,好些同学还把好端端的新裤子剪几刀,再来个补丁大行动。时尚的魅力可见一般。

童年时代祖母从三姐(我的同学明才家中的妈姐)那儿学会了缝制补丁被。住尾房的女装裁缝师雪姐知道祖母的心愿,义不容辞,把大大小小的布头布尾送给祖母。补丁被的制作是针线功夫与图案彩色的结合体,过程看似简单但费精神,先把碎布剪裁成一般大小,然后一片片堆砌妥当,一针一线缝合在垫底的布料上,就制成一张美观的被子了。当时睡前盖上这么漂亮的爱心被,梦境也特别香甜!

1998年重回伦敦工作一年,抵达时正值严冬。一年后离开伦敦,还是严冬。这一年的光景已经跟桂萍的妈妈建立起忘年之交。离别前她叫我把手信带回家。大纸袋所承的是两张补丁被。噢,童年!

她说从马来西亚来到伦敦这些年,带大两个外孙,现在有空重拾女红,缝制了两张补丁被。外孙在不同时代不同地方成长,对补丁被没有感情,也许我会有兴趣,就让我带回新加坡吧!

陡然间想起祖母在黄色的灯光下,一针一线缝制第一张补丁被时,那副全神关注的神情。

樟宜博物馆也有一张补丁被,不过是义工的复制品。通过补丁被,还可以看得到来自不同国籍的人士在新加坡樟宜这片土地上所流露出的缕缕真情。


日战时期,被囚禁在樟宜监狱的不只是军人俘虏,还包括他们的家属。加拿大籍妇女Ethel Mulvaney 想到缝制补丁被,一方面让妇女们打发时间,另一方面或许可以通过补丁被来传达讯息给正在受苦的丈夫、爸爸和孩子,叫他们支持下去。只要有求生的信念,就会有回家的一天。
据说有四百人参与补丁被活动,她们在被囚禁的首六个月缝制好四张补丁被,给男人带来勇气与希望。

六十七年眨眼流逝,这段时间已经足以孕育三代人。四张补丁被的下场如何?一张补丁被下落不明,至于另外三张补丁被,两张保存在澳洲Australian War Memorial Museum, Canberra;一张补丁被在英国Surrey的红十字会展示。桂萍一家人就住在这儿附近,她妈妈在Surrey送补丁被给我,不晓得是巧合,还是冥冥中的安排?


Friday, November 13, 2009

Armenian (part 2 of 2) - from ancient times


Armenia was the first country in the world adopted Christianity as the national religion (310 AC). Today's Armenia is surrounded by Islamic countries (north: Georgia, south: Iran, east: Azerbaijan, west: Turkey). Religion is a likely source that could ignite security instability in this region.

Was Armenia built by Noah? According to the Book of Genesis, Noah's Ark was built by Patriarch Noah at God's command to save himself, his family and the world's animals from a worldwide deluge. It happened to be more than 2500 years ago.

God also instructed Noah to bring into the ark two of all living creatures, male and female, along with every kind of food to be stored as food for the animals and his family while on the ark. Noah obeyed everything God commanded him to do.

After they entered the ark, rain fell on the earth for a period of forty days and nights. The waters flooded the earth for a hundred and fifty days, and every living thing on the face of the earth was wiped out. As the waters receded, the ark came to rest on the mountains of Ararat. Noah and his family continued to wait for almost eight more months while the surface of the earth dried out.


(A picture of what people say is the remains of the real Noah’s Ark)

Finally after an entire year, God invited Noah to come out of the ark. Immediately, he built an altar and worshiped the Lord with burnt offerings from some of the clean animals. God was pleased with the offerings and promised never again to destroy all the living creatures as he had just done. Later God established a covenant with Noah: "Never again will there be a flood to destroy the earth." As a sign of this everlasting covenant God set a rainbow in the clouds.

Traditional Armenia lies in an area between the Black Sea and Caspian Sea, in the region known as the Caucasus(高加索). Many argue that Armenia fits the legendary location of the Garden of Eden, and travellers from ancient times to this day give testimony that Noah’s Ark still rests on Mt. Ararat, the heart of Armenia. From Ararat, Noah walked to Yerevan and built the city (The capital of Armenia).

At the beginning of 19th century, Armenian already settled down in India, Burma, Java and Malay Peninsula (Penang and Malacca). In 1830, the Armenian merchants started their businesses in Singapore, mainly involved in spice and opium trading. In that era, most of the people came to Singapore to earn money. Once they accumulated enough wealth, they would return to their homeland. They were mostly transitional. In comparison, the Armenian were more sincere and committed. They brought their families to Singapore and made Singapore their home.

The Armenian still left their legacy behind which lasted many decades. The Armenia church (The Armenian Apostolic Church of St Gregory the Illuminator) was constructed in 1835. In 1973, the building was gazetted as a national monument.


Catchick Moses (1812-1895) was the co-founder of The Straits Times in 1845. The Sarkies brothers (Martin, Arshak, Aviet and Tigran) set up the Raffles Hotel in 1887.



In 1981, out of more than 40 orchid varieties, Vanda Miss Joaquim was selected as the Singapore national flower. Although Agnes Joaquim only lived a short 45 years, she had extended her life into the 21st century with the nation called Singapore.

Friday, November 06, 2009

Armenian (part 1 of 2) - Vanda Miss Joaquim (卓锦万黛兰)

Last year I wrote a short article about Armenian community in Singapore. About eight months later, my NMS MD friend Evelyn (若琳) continued with more research and presented a series of well written articles. These articles are archived in the NMS MD websites:

http://nmsmandarindocents.wordpress.com/2008/10/26/%e5%8d%93%e9%94%a6%e4%b8%87%e9%bb%9b%e5%85%b0-%e4%ba%9a%e7%be%8e%e5%b0%bc%e4%ba%9a%e4%bc%a0%e5%a5%87/

http://nmsmandarindocents.wordpress.com/2009/06/18/%e4%ba%9a%e7%be%8e%e5%b0%bc%e4%ba%9a%e4%ba%ba%e7%9f%a5%e5%a4%9a%e5%b0%91%ef%bc%88%e4%b8%8a%ef%bc%89/

In year 1880 where the local Armenian’s population reached the peak, Singapore had about 100 Armenian families. The Armenian were loyal to the British and paid for the price of imprisonment by the Japanese forces during World War II. During post war period, many Armenian chose to migrate to Australia. At present there are about 20 Armenian still staying in Singapore.

(1917. Note: all the Armenian group photos are obtained from http://armeniansinasia.org/ )


(1926)



(1960)

Friends asked me where did I obtain the latest magic figure of 20. As the article was not meant for deep research purpose, I was not serious enough to capture all sources of information then. I could only relate based on what I read, who I spoke to when I stepped on the site of Armenian Church and what struck me in my own memory.

Now we can access to more information through the website titled “Armenian Church of St. Gregory the Illuminator Singapore”. The Armenian always reminded us how a small community could create an impact on Singapore.

http://armeniansinasia.org/


(2008)


(2009)

The website has been updated with group photos of Singapore Armenian community spanned between 1917 and 2009. For those who could understand the Armenian language, there is an article originally published in Նունե Կարապետյան (It takes life to know how to live). The blog is owned by Aljbucit, an Armenian grew up in Yerevan (Armenia) and now staying in the Netherlands.

http://aljbucit.livejournal.com/4606.html

When I first found out that the Singapore’s national flower Vanda Miss Joaquim (卓锦万黛兰) was named after an Armenian horticulturist, it struck me to learn more about Armenia.

Ashkhen Hovakimian, (Agnes Joaquim) hybridised the Vanda Miss Joaquim orchid. In April 1899, Agnes showed her hybrid orchid and won a first prize in the annual flower show. But within three months she passed away at 45 years old due to illness.


In 1981, the orchid was chosen as the national flower of Singapore. However, whether Agnes Joaquim actually spent effort to hybridise the hybrid orchid or merely through natural discovery had created some controversies.

Justice was restored thank to a year 1893 document and the ex-director of the Singapore Botanic Garden.

After producing her orchid by crossing the Burmese Vanda teres with the Malayan Vanda hookeriana, Agnes Joaquim showed the hybrid to Henry Ridley, the director of the Singapore Botanic Garden. Ridley examined it, had it sketched and sent a description to the Gardeners' Chronicle writing that:

‘A few years ago Miss Joaquim, a lady residing in Singapore, well-known for her success as a horticulturist, succeeded in crossing Vanda Hookeriana Rchb. f., and V. teres, two plants cultivated in almost every garden in Singapore.’ (Gardeners' Chronicle 24 June 1893, p.740).

Friday, October 30, 2009

从猪象蛙谈起

十月一日是新加坡的儿童节,是中国的六十周年国庆。山东大婶和当护士的女儿在本地住了一年,不禁想家。她说新加坡是城市森林,出入方便,但少了田园美景。聊着聊着,谈起中国沸腾腾的国庆和练兵阅兵的盛况。我说新加坡不是草木皆兵,而是全民皆兵,差点把山东大婶吓坏了。后来我建议组织田园风光一日游给大婶压惊,山东大婶才转怒为笑,把我玩得团团转。




新加坡南部与西部岛屿众多,许多小岛已发展成为新加坡的经济命脉。以炼油出名,1974年曾被日本和巴勒斯坦恐怖分子胁持的毛广岛;前经济发展局主席杨烈国最引以为荣,从无到有的裕廊岛;原名 Pulau Belakang Mati,背后潜伏着死亡的岛屿,成功转型为诗情画意的圣淘沙;岛不在大,有大伯公则灵的龟屿;一度沦为监狱,发生囚犯暴动事件的安乐岛等等,每个小岛都有神奇的色彩。


新加坡东北部有一个清幽的乌敏岛,矗立在樟宜海滩的左前方。岛上还有个著名的地标—猪象蛙。猪怎么会像蛙呢?其实猪象蛙只是山东大婶为这个地标取的昵称,是Chek Jawa的谐音,位于乌敏岛东部,是个观察海洋生态的好地方。

不过乌敏岛确实跟猪象蛙这三种看来毫不相干的动物有一段渊源,来自一个鲜为人知的传说。据说当年猪、大象和青蛙比本领,从新加坡本岛游到对面的柔佛海滩。它们还打赌说要是谁游不到柔佛海滩,谁就变成石头,永不超生。本来看似平静的海面突然波涛汹涌,最后猪象蛙都抵达不了彼岸。体形较大的猪和大象化身为乌敏岛,而青蛙则变成了Chek Jawa前的小小青蛙岛。

唉,猪俗称笨猪,大象广东人称之为大笨象,它们笨到以生命作赌注也就罢了;青蛙可不是笨蛙,竟然卷入这场死亡游戏中,难道就为了舍身成仁,造就一个小小青蛙岛吗?
乌敏岛面积只有十平方公里左右。从数学的角度来看,以新加坡男性最熟悉不过的数目字2和4来挂钩是最恰当不过的。2.4公里乘4.2公里,实得十平方公里,就这么简单。
说起2.4,新加坡男性话题肯定一箩箩,再不济的大概也会吹吹牛,把它神化一番。年满十八的新加坡男性必须入伍接受军训,俗称当兵。当兵嘛,合理的训练是锻炼,不合理的训练是磨练,趣事苦差一箩箩,年轻男女聚在一起,当兵的男生大可“仙桃”一番,再展示一下结实的肌肉,叫女伴神往不已。各种锻炼磨练,叫众人津津乐道的是体能测验(IPPT),那段2.4公里长跑,必须在规定时间内完成,绝对不像在学校考体能那么轻松。
两年半退役后,训练并没有结束,每年回营受训,IPPT还是继续。当年还年轻,跑2.4公里不是问题,闭起眼睛也能轻易过关。年纪大一点拖着个啤酒肚和后备轮胎跑2.4,不是问题的问题就变成大问题。如今丰衣足食,肥胖青年多,2.4问题普及化,已经不只是老兵的问题了。

当兵还牵涉到人的心态。在国泰民安的太平盛世,如果不是强制性的国民服役,相信没多少人愿意花上两年的青春去履行这样的义务。战争的残酷,扭曲的人性,谁也不想见到。养兵千日,用在一朝,和平的日子培养精兵,正是为了避免战争。从全职服役、战备军人到告老退役,人的心态改变的历程也是成长的历程。人的自豪感来自想当年当兵与2.4的付出,缔造了属于我们这一代人的神话。
山东大婶说她明白了,泱泱大国练兵阅兵,规模是新加坡不能比拟的,但岛国那份自信心与逆境求存的勇气,气势上确如全民皆兵。她大可放心在新加坡找个好女婿了。

Friday, October 23, 2009

从小坡到大坡

阅读Men in White,难忘脱离PAP,组织社阵的李绍祖医生(1917-2002)。据说李绍祖是新加坡开国功臣吴庆瑞的棋友,本来只想安安份份当个家庭医生,却被吴庆瑞拉入政坛,医生生涯反而变成副业。

在那个充满热忱与理想的年代,只有立场,没有对错。年少时侯,外婆住在小坡梧槽区(Rochor),1972年全国大选,父亲带着我在肃街(Short Street,在六马路和七马路之间的“六条半”街)听群众大会,万人空巷,为李绍祖而来。说实在的,李绍祖风趣幽默,语带双关,又兼通华英巫与各种方言,听他演说是一大享受。那年,李绍祖以89票微差败在“白衣人”杜进才手上,我问外婆你把票投给谁,她怎么也不肯说,怕两头不着岸。

1988年全国大选,工人党的萧添寿与李绍祖等人角逐友诺士集选区议席,以49%的高得票率落败。那年我已在淡滨尼41街过了三个年头,住家楼下就是友诺士集选区东景中学(East View Secondary School)计票中心。这场竞争激烈的选战由工人党迎战郑永顺领导的PAP班子,PAP几乎失去这个全国注目的集选区。聚集的群众情绪激昂,凌晨四点半后才陆续散去。

李绍祖就凭这一战,以非选区议员身分重回阔别多年的国会,担任非选区议员,直到1991年。期间还接受了老政友兼政敌李光耀的邀请,第一次访问中国。1991年9月的大选,李绍祖再次代表工人党角逐友诺士集选区,获得47%高票,过后退出政坛。

李绍祖是童年时代父亲的厂医,民康药房在Hill Street 和Stamford Road的交界处,高高的吊扇下是他的诊室。难忘父亲看病时,被李绍祖诙谐地幽了一默:“你的人这么大只,竟然会被小小的病菌搞到茶饭不思,兵败如山倒?是不是想趁机蛇一蛇啊?”父亲只有对他苦笑的分儿。


当年外婆住在小坡马尼拉街(Manila Street)的七层楼,是林有福时代的公共建屋。马尼拉街有两座七层楼组屋,她那一座靠近二马路(维多利亚街,Victoria Street),另一座靠近三马路(奎因街,Queen Street)。今天在Bugis Junction里头的马尼拉街是翻版货,真正的马尼拉街在密驼路(Middle Road)和雅柏街(Albert Street)之间,七层楼组屋旁还有一间马尼拉民众联络所。

母亲说她在云英未嫁时已经住在小坡七层楼红屋了。之前这个地方是个木屋区,木屋区重建时搬到亚历山大啤酒厂对面,附近还有砖窑。小坡七层楼建成后,一家子又搬回熟悉的地方。亚历山大啤酒厂指的应该是Anchor Beer与Tiger Beer酿酒厂。当年一般市民喝啤酒,爱挑Anchor Beer,至于Tiger Beer主要是洋人喝的;不像今天,What's the time now? It's Tiger time!八十年代酿酒厂扩张营业,亚历山大啤酒厂搬到Tuas去。亚历山大啤酒厂这个地标随着时代的变迁,已经从地图上消失了。

小坡七层楼红屋附近的四马路观音庙香火鼎盛,还发展成旅游胜地。当年的三马路也有一间著名的古庙—关帝庙。除夕夜,三马路关帝庙和四马路观音庙一样人山人海,香烛通明。七十年代初一场大火,关帝无法自保,关帝庙夷为平地。至于三马路湿巴刹,还持续到七十年代中期。小坡地段重新规划,七层楼寿终正寝。


三马路湿巴刹不是今天同在屋檐下的湿巴刹,它和当年的牛车水、福南街、振南街(在福南街隔邻)、潮州巴刹等,属于路边摊,大清晨一天的生活便开始了。入午时分,摊贩们或挑着担子、或推着三轮车、或骑着三个轮子的摩哆车,各自打道回府,繁忙的街市回复宁静。生活可以这么简单。

小坡七层楼红屋与大马路之间与密驼路平行的是马来街,今天的马来街也被“融合”在Bugis Junction里头。我认识的马来街主要是廉价的成衣批发市场。当年外婆和母亲缝纫运动短裤,一件一毛钱,缝好几大袋,交给马来街的批发商,两个星期后收工钱。经过几个转手后,市面上的运动短裤从一毛钱增值至两块钱。一条短裤原来可以养活这么多人!


更早期的马来街,原本是日本娼寮,蕴藏着老掉牙却又重复着的故事。早年日本贫困,九州农村少女被逼离乡背井,出外讨生活,以最原始的方式赚取外汇,为日本带来繁荣,也为农村的家人改善生活。但是她们的付出却换来家人的唾弃。一九七十年代日本制作的电影《望乡》便诚意地记载了这群被称为南洋姐的日本娼妓的生活。新加坡的日本墓地公园也埋葬着许多在异乡逝世,有家归不得的南洋姐。
http://navalants.blogspot.com/2008/10/part-1.html

话说回来。七十年代中期,小坡七层楼红屋地段重新发展,外婆从小坡搬迁到大坡新加坡河畔爱伦坡街(Ellenborough Street)海味批发市场旁新建的一房式组屋,这个地段就是今天的Clarke Quay 地铁站和中央广场(The Central)所在地。当时从我的住家窗口望出去,就看得到外婆的组屋了。

HDB怎么会在这种黄金地段兴建廉价新组屋呢?管它呢!反正租金便宜,交通方便,附近同济医院前哇燕街廉价美食多,甘蔗汁一毛钱一杯,先解决食住和行吧!

没多久,哇燕街消失了。住不上十年,城市再度规划,外婆又得面对搬迁的命运了。

阅读Men inWhite, 同时引发了一些过去的为人知的历史、不为人知的反面史、还有一些个人的回忆。过去看新加坡近代史,很有“胜者为王,败者为寇”的味道。以比较开放与包容的心态回首着墨,无论谁胜谁败,都有他们暗隐的难言之处。然后一个时代过去了,人生就这样过去了,历史却留下许多不清楚的记忆,造成很多黑洞。

所以,说实在的,对于身边还有老人家可以问,可以毫无警戒地翻旧账,写一段市井小民的生活史,不至于水过无痕,我心存感恩。

Friday, October 16, 2009

柠檬树Lemon Tree

汽车沿着兀兰路(Woodlands Road)奔驰,突然间心血来潮,U转驶入克兰芝纪念碑。新加坡前总统薛尔思的坟墓安置在停车场旁的国家墓地上,两万四千名士兵的墓碑和石刻,则整齐地耸立在肃穆的墓园。黄土下有英国、澳洲、纽西兰、加拿大、印度、锡兰、新马华人和马来士兵的英灵。墓园有专人打理,墓碑前的鲜花是长期的陪葬。

Where have all the flowers gone?

上世纪七十年代的传统华校大力打击嬉皮士文化,除了西方科技、体育与古典艺术外,西方文化都是靡靡之音,没有底线的自由与放荡,不是好货色。基于这类思潮,年少时倒错过了“度西游”的良机。Where have all the flowers gone是我初接触的英文歌曲之一,Peter, Paul和Mary(PP&M)合唱。

在士兵的墓碑前,油然想起这段东西交融的往事。1940年代,英联邦军人在新加坡阵亡;1960年代,年轻男女贡献他们的青春在越南战场上,花儿陪伴着他们的余生。战争并没有随着美苏冷战的结束而结束,地球上没有永久的和平。

人生苦短,伤感事就此打住。颠簸传统,解开东西文化的无形结后,接触到的PP&M的经典是“柠檬树”(Lemon Tree)。

When I was just a lad of ten, my father said to me,
"Come here and take a lesson from the lovely lemon tree."
"Don't put your faith in love, my boy", my father said to me,
"I fear you'll find that love is like the lovely lemon tree."

One day beneath the lemon tree, my love and I did lie
A girl so sweet that when she smiled the stars rose in the sky.
We passed that summer lost in love beneath the lemon tree
The music of her laughter hid my father's words from me:

One day she left without a word. She took away the sun.
And in the dark she left behind, I knew what she had done.
She'd left me for another, it's a common tale but true.
A sadder man but wiser now I sing these words to you:

Lemon tree very pretty and the lemon flower is sweet
but the fruit of the poor lemon is impossible to eat.
Lemon tree very pretty and the lemon flower is sweet
but the fruit of the poor lemon is impossible to eat.

PP&M一个超级俊男,一个风趣鬼佬,一个金发美女,三人组合把民歌与反战的情绪带到世界各地。如果当年的美国总统也有今天的奥巴马(Obama)的地利人和与魄力,诺贝尔和平奖也会落入他手中。除了“花儿哪里去了”与“柠檬树”之外,“离家五百里”(Five hundred miles)和“在风中荡漾”(Blowing in the wind)也是大家熟悉的。2009年9月16日,72岁的Mary患癌去世,PP&M组合剩下P&P。

1970年新加坡也曾流行过与柠檬有关的华语歌曲,那是也已经作古的邓丽君唱红的“月儿像柠檬”。月儿像柠檬,淡淡地挂天空。我俩摇摇荡荡,散步在月色中......。当年街头小巷丽的呼声从早播到晚,女生是天生的歌手,听没两遍已经朗朗上口。

传统华校嘛,除了对西方文化的侵袭步步为营之外,也打击流行文化,结果月儿像柠檬的女同学们都被罚,集体面壁思过。我们小男生不懂的怜香惜玉,还取笑她们,说什么柠檬酸溜溜的,有什么好,不如红苹果:我是一个大苹果,那个孩子不爱我?女同学怒目圆瞪,却又动弹不得。奈何!

新加坡有个与柠檬挂钩的地方,不叫柠檬树,也不像月亮。它是柠檬草(Lemon grass)。柠檬草是啥地方?芽笼士乃(Geylang Serai)是也。 芽笼士乃是暴动的温床:1964年4月12日马来亚与印尼对抗, 芽笼士乃发生炸弹爆炸案,两人丧生。同年7月21日伊斯兰教先知莫罕默德诞辰,发生华巫种族暴动,人心惶惶。


芽笼士乃是十九世纪后期由加冷河延伸发展的马来村落, Serai就是柠檬草,至于 Geylang可能由马来文Kilang变化出来,是压挤、工厂的意思。由字义来推断,早期的芽笼士乃应该是种植柠檬草与香料加工的地方,柠檬草搞不起来,1900年后转型,村民以种植椰树、橡胶树与蔬菜等为生。随着社区的发展,今天的芽笼士乃已经没有田园景色,不过有一公顷的土地,发展成马来文化村。


柠檬草其实就是香茅,有一股柠檬清凉淡爽的香味,含有大量的维生素C,可治疗霍乱、急性胃肠炎、慢性腹泻、滋润肌肤等。印度的传统医术视柠檬草为治疗百病的药用植物。柠檬草也是东南亚料理的一大特色,泰式的酸辣汤、娘惹的阿参鱼头和马来咖哩都少不了它。别说望梅止渴,单是如此说着,口水都流出来了!


Tuesday, October 13, 2009

圆觉寺---鎌仓行(之二)

川端康成在《千羽鶴》一书中以菊治参加他父亲生前的情人栗本智佳子在圆觉寺举行的茶会掀开序幕。


川端康成藉茶道反映日本人心理,勾划出爱恨憎欲的世界。茶道大师菊冶在父亲死后,为了寻找父亲的形影,与父亲生前的情妇太田夫人发生关系,事后太田夫人深感內疚,认为自己罪孽深重而自杀。

后来菊治对太田夫人的思恋之情转移到她女儿文子身上,父亲另一个情妇栗本智佳子則想撮合菊治和自己的徒弟稻村雪子,這时文子却悄悄地离开了菊治,最后菊治甩开栗本智佳子的纠缠,出门找寻文子。

1972年4月16日,川端康成在公寓中含煤气管自杀,不晓得和《千羽鶴》所追求的恬美与超自然美是否有关连。

中国禅宗有“五山十剎”,鎌仓幕府时期在鎌倉设定了“鎌倉五山”,包括建长寺、圆觉寺、寿福寺、净智寺、净妙寺。

圆觉寺除了沾染川端康成和千羽鶴的文艺气息外,本身其实拥有丰富的传奇色彩。七百多年前,蒙古大軍首度入侵日本,三万配备精良的大軍竟然被暴雨击沉,史称文永之役。忽必烈不善罢干休,几年后再度派出十四万大軍驶向日本。鎌仓幕府第八代执权北条时宗为了对付這空前国难,远从中国请来无学祖元禅师日夜祈祷。結果蒙古軍很倒霉的又遭遇台风,一夜之间悉数命丧海底。

北条时宗为了感谢无学祖元,同时弔唁两役阵亡的蒙古高丽联军与日本军人,特地在1282年兴建圆觉寺,由无学祖元担任开山祖师。据说在圆觉寺开堂之日,有一大群花鹿出现,夾杂在人群中,大家深信這些花鹿也是來聆听开山祖师讲佛法,因此圆觉寺山号就叫“瑞鹿山”。


希望越大则失望越大。如果不抱希望呢?来圆觉寺本意只为了利用那浮生半日闲,享受一时片刻的禅定,学学方人走入意境与灵性,孤芳自赏一番。像其他日本禅寺,圆觉寺也有一片许愿的天地,把心愿写在小木板上,有诚则灵。在一个平常的角落,有一棵木莲树。

横眉冷对千夫指,俯首甘为孺子牛。

惊鸿一瞥,木莲树竟然刻着鲁迅的名字!


向旁人打听,几费周章才大概弄清木莲树是鲁迅与日本朋友的友谊的结晶。1904年9月,鲁迅到日本仙台学医(今日的东北大学),是仙台历史上第一位外国留学生。

一年半后鲁迅离开仙台弃医从文。虽然在仙台时日短浅,但他在仙台与恩师解剖学教授藤野严九郎相知相遇,为他的人生一大转机。1936年10月19日鲁迅病逝,此后每年忌日,仙台人民都集中在仙台青叶山鲁迅纪念碑前举行“碑前祭”。

鲁迅在《藤野先生》一文中提及自己是因为受到一部日俄战争的纪录影片里,中国人围观日军杀害中国人情节的刺激,认为“救国救民需先救思想”,于是弃医从文,希望用文学改造中国人的“国民劣根性”。

鲁迅同一篇文章说:“我总时时记起他,在我所认为我师之中,他是最使我感激,给我鼓励的一个。有时我常常想:他的对于我的热心的希望,不倦的教诲,小而言之,是为中国,就是希望中国有新的医学;大而言之,是为学术,就是希望新的医学传到中国去。他的性格,在我的眼里和心里是伟大的,虽然他的姓名并不为许多人所知道。”

鲁迅身后,藤野先生写的《谨忆周树人君》说:“周君上课时虽然非常认真地记笔记,可是从他入学时还不能充分地听、说日语的情况来看,学习上大概很吃力。”“我讲完课后就留下来,看看周君的笔记,把周君漏记、记错的地方添改过来。”“想必他一定很寂寞。可是周君并没有让人感到他寂寞,只记得他上课时非常努力。”“我虽然被周君尊为唯一的恩师,但我所作的只不过是给他添改了一些笔记。”

鲁迅在仙台回国后还是陆续往来中日, 1933年(昭和八年)在鎌仓瑞鹿山圆觉寺栽下木莲树。十年树木,百年树人。木莲树尚在,与当年的周树人与藤野精神长存。

注:木莲是园林树木中的优良树种,它的木质优良,也是建筑、家具的用材。木莲果、树皮、根皮都可入药,性味辛凉,止干咳,通便。